MANPADS "Stinger": halaye da kuma kwatanta da analogues

Daga cikin zamani makamai, yadu primyanyaemogo a gida rikice-rikice, da muhimmiyar rawa da aka buga da MANPADS. Suna amfani da yadu biyu a cikin rundunar daban-daban jihohi da kuma kungiyoyin ta'adda da yaki da iska hari. Wannan tunani da irin wannan makami ne dauke da wani American MANPADS "Stinger".

A tarihin da halittar kuma da aiwatar da

MANPADS "Stinger" an tsara da kuma kerarre a Amurka kamfani Janar kuzarin kawo cikas. Farko na wannan makaman tsarin yana nufin 1967. A shekara ta 1971, MANPADS ra'ayi da aka amince da US Army kuma soma a matsayin samfur don nan gaba inganta karkashin alama ce FIM-92. A na gaba shekara da aka yarda da vernacular sunan "Stinger", wanda aka fassara daga Ingilishi. Yana nufin "harba".

Saboda fasaha matsaloli na farko real makami mai linzami gabatar da daga hadaddun ya faru ne kawai a tsakiyar shekarar 1975. Serial samar da MANPADS "Stinger" fara a 1978, da nufin maye gurbin wanda aka rabu amfani MANPADS FIM-43 Red Eye, sake tun 1968.

Bugu da kari ga asali model aka ɓullo da kuma samar da fiye da dozin daban-daban versions na makami.

Yaduwar a duniya

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, MANPADS "Stinger" nasara MANPADS tsarin "Red Eye". Its da makamai masu linzami ne da wani tasiri wajen mu'amala da low-tsawo iska hari. A halin yanzu, da gidaje na da irin amfani da dakarun Amurka da kuma sauran ƙasashe 29, suna samar da Raytheon harsashi Systems da kuma karkashin lasisi da EADS a Jamus. makamai tsarin "Stinger" samar da wani m iska tsaro ga ci-gaba terrestrial mobile soja raka'a. Its fama tasiri da aka tabbatar a cikin hudu manyan rikice-rikice, wanda tare da taimakon An hallaka fiye da 270 fama jirgin sama da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu.

Nufa da halaye

Dauke MANPADS - a hur, kai dauke da iska tsaro tsarin da za a iya hanzari watsu a soja dandamali a wani fama halin da ake ciki. Domin duk abin da dalilai na MANPADS "Stinger" za a iya amfani? Features makamai masu linzami, shiryuwa reprogrammable microprocessors iya amfani da su duka biyu zuwa fara daga jirage masu saukar ungulu a cikin "iska-iska" Yanayin magance iska hari, kazalika da tsaro a cikin "kasa-da-iska" Yanayin. Nan da nan bayan da ƙaddamar da sojan igwa ne free tserewa, don kauce wa samu wuta, haka cimma da aminci da kuma fama tasiri.

A roka yana da tsawon 1,52 m da diamita na 70 mm da kuma tsawo na 10 cm hudu da nata irin iko saman (biyu daga waxanda suke da Rotary, da kuma biyu - stills) a baka. Tã 10.1 kg, yayin da nauyin da roka daga shirin mai gabatarwa ne game 15.2 kg.

Bambance-bambancen karatu na MANPADS "Stinger"

- FIM-92A: na farko version.

- FIM - 92C: roka da reprogrammiruemym microprocessor. A sakamakon waje kutse an cika ta ƙara ƙarin iko dijital kwamfuta aka gyara. Bugu da kari, da software jefa yanzu an reconfigured haka da cewa a cikin gajeren lokaci don amsa da sauri kuma yadda ya kamata a sabon iri na cigaba da (jamming da decoys). Kafin shekarar 1991, game da 20 000 raka'a kawai ga US Army da aka bayar.

- FIM-92D: Various gyare-gyare da aka yi amfani da wannan version domin ya kara rigakafi tsangwama.

- FIM-92E: roka da reprogrammiruemym microprocessor Block I. Ƙara sabon rollover haska, software bita da kuma management sun kai ga wani gagarumin ci gaba a cikin makami mai linzami jirgin iko. Bugu da kari, yadda ya dace da lalata kananan hari, kamar drones, cruise da makamai masu linzami da kuma haske bincike jirage masu saukar ungulu da aka inganta. A farko ba a fara a 1995. Kusan daukacin stock makamai masu linzami "Stinger" a Amurka da aka maye gurbinsu da wannan version.

- FIM-92F: kara kyautata na E-version da version na yanzu samar.

- FIM - 92G: unspecified updates ga wani zaɓi D.

- FIM - 92H: D-zabin inganta zuwa matakin na E-version.

- FIM-92I: roka da reprogrammiruemym microprocessor Block II. Wannan sigar da aka shirya dogara ne a kan version E. Ingantawa hada da infrared abin da ya ƙunsa. A wannan canji, da nesa manufa ganewa da kuma ikon shawo kan kutse da aka muhimmanci karu. Bugu da kari, zane canje-canje iya muhimmanci ƙara cikin kewayon mataki. Ko da yake aikin kai gwaji mataki, shirin da aka katse a 2002 domin kasafin dalilai.

- FIM-92J: roka da reprogrammiruemym microprocessor Block na kyautata m aka gyara zuwa ga mika rayuwar da wani shekaru 10. A warhead kuma sanye take da wani kusanci fis ga yadda ya dace da drones.

ADSM, danniya da iska tsaro tsarin: a bambance-bambancen da ƙarin m radar abin da ya ƙunsa, wannan zabin kuma za a iya amfani da radar shigarwa.

makami mai linzami jefa Hanyar

American MPADS "stinger" (FIM-92) qunshi wani makami mai linzami AIM-92 a kewaye a cikin wuya udaroustojchivyj reusable jefa garwa. A ranar biyu ƙare shi ne rufaffiyar lids. Gaban su wuce infrared da ultraviolet radiation, wanda ake bincikar abin da ya ƙunsa. A farko-up, murfin ne karye roka. Murfin baya na ganga da aka halakar da gas jet daga mai kara amfani. Saboda gaskiya cewa totur nozzles shirya yada tare da girmamawa ga mai linzami axis, shi ne har yanzu a kanti na jefa ganga yakan mallaki wani Rotary motsi. Bayan da saki da makami mai linzami daga wani akwati a cikin wutsiya kashi burace hudu stabilizer wanda aka shirya a wani kwana to jiki. A wannan hanya game da axis a jirgin aiki karfin juyi.

Bayan tashi daga makami mai linzami a nesa na 8 mita daga sadarwarka boosters rabu da ita da kuma fara jerin gwanon biyu-mataki mota. Yana accelerates da makami mai linzami gudu zuwa 2.2 m (750 m / s) da kuma kula da shi ga dukan jirgin.

A hanya domin yin saiti da kuma ayukan iska mai ƙarfi roka

Mu ci gaba da la'akari da mafi shahara Amurka MANPADS. "Stinger" yana amfani da wani m infrared neman iska hari. Yana ba emit radiation wanda za a iya gane da jiragen sama, amma a maimakon gano infrared makamashi (zafi) saki Aeronautical dalilai. Tun MANPADS "Stinger" aiki a m abin da ya ƙunsa yanayin, wannan makami yayi dace da manufa na "wuta da kuma manta", wanda ba ya bukatar wani wa'azi daga sadarwarka bayan harbe-harben, sabanin sauran makamai masu linzami da za a gyara su yanayin daga ƙasa. Wannan damar da ma'aikaci zuwa "Stinger" shirye su kayar da sauran dalilai nan da nan bayan da harbi.

A warhead fashewar irin yana da wani nauyi na 3 kg tare da fis tasiri irin da wani kai-destruct saita lokaci. A warhead aka hada da wani infrared-haska crawler dalilai fusing sashe da kuma laba daya na high nakiyoyi, a kewaye a cikin wani Silinda na pyrophoric titanium. Fis ne mai matukar hadari, kuma ba ya da damar da makami mai linzami zuwa rushe wani irin electromagnetic radiation a fama. Warheads iya kawai za a tayar lokacin da wani karo da manufar ko saboda kai-halaka da ya auku a wani lokaci na 15 zuwa 19 seconds bayan fara.

New sighting na'urar

The latest versions na MANPADS sanye take da AN / Efes-18 na yau da kullum gani. Wannan m, hur thermal gani, wanda aka saka a kan wani jefa garwa, samar da ikon kaddamar da makamai masu linzami a kowane lokaci na rana. The na'urar da aka tsara don gane jirgin sama da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu wajen iyakar kewayo na makami mai linzami.

Babban aiki na AN / Efes-18 - inganta tasiri na MANPADS. Yana aiki a wannan fanni na electromagnetic bakan matsayin IR neman makamai masu linzami, da kuma gano wani kafofin na infrared radiation, wanda za a iya gane da kuma roka. Wannan yanayin ma sa goyon bayan ayyuka dare kula. Aiki passively a infrared bakan, AN / Efes-18 damar da sojan igwa ba niyya MPADS harba daga cikin duhu da kuma a low ganuwa yanayi (msl, hazo, turɓaya da hayaki). Rana ko dare AN / Efes-18 zai iya gane jirgin sama a high tsawo. Karkashin mafi kyau duka yanayi, da ganewa iya zama a nesa na 20 zuwa nisan kilomita 30. AN / Efes-18, da akalla tasiri a ganowa jirgin sama a low tsawo, yawo kai tsaye wajen sadarwa. Lokacin da shaye plume na boye jiki da jirgin sama, ba za a iya samu, muddin yana da waje a yankin na 8-10 kilomita daga sadarwarka. Ganewa kewayon qara lokacin da jirgin saman ya canjãwa ta shugabanci na jirgin, samar da show ta mallaka shaye. AN / Efes-18 ne shirye don amfani cikin 10 seconds bayan ikon up. Yana mai caji ne ke lithium baturi cewa samar 6-12 hours of batir. AN / Efes-18 shi ne wani karin kayan aiki Night hangen nesa da kuma ba shi da wani ƙuduri da ake bukata don gane da jirgin sama.

fama da aikace-aikacen

A lõkacin da shirya don amfani da akwati jawo via spetszamkov shiga jawo, wanda aka saitaccen a cikin wutar lantarki. Ya ke yin amfani da wata na USB da wani toshe connector aka haɗa baturi. Bugu da kari ga on-jirgin cibiyar sadarwa ta roka bututun ƙarfe ne da alaka da wani ruwa tank da wani inert gas. Wani amfani da na'urar ne a naúrar ganewa dalilai a kan tsarin "aboki ko maƙiyi" (IFF). Wannan eriya tsarin yana da matukar halayyar "Grid" bayyanar, aka kuma a haɗe zuwa jawo inji.

Yaya mutane da yawa suna bukatar su yi da makami mai linzami kaddamar da MANPADS "Stinger"? Features yale shi ya yi haka da wata guda sadarwarka, ko da yake a hukumance domin ta sabis na bukatar mutane biyu. A wannan yanayin, na biyu da lambar da aka sa idanu da iska sarari. Lokacin da wata manufa da aka gano, da kibiya sadarwarka yana sanya kafa kafada da take kaiwa gare shi ga manufa. Lokacin da ta kama infrared makami mai linzami mai neman audible da kuma vibration ƙararrawa, sa'an nan da sadarwarka dole tura spetsknopki razarretirovat gyrostabilized dandali da cewa rike tashi wani ajali matsayin dangi zuwa ga ƙasa, da samar da instantaneous matsayi na makami mai linzami iko. Bi ta latsa jawo, bayan da ruwa inert gas don sanyaya infrared neman shiga abin da ya ƙunsa makami mai linzami daga wani akwati a kan jirgin, yana farawa da aiki a jirgin baturi An jefar da m ikon toshe aka juya squib jefa kara amfani.

Yadda nisa an harbi "Stinger"?

Harbe-harben kewayon MANPADS "Stinger" a tsawo na 3500 m. A makami mai linzami yana neman infrared haske (zafi) samar da engine na jirgin sama manufa, da kuma lura da jirgin sama, bin wannan infrared radiation Madogararsa. Roka ma sanin UV "inuwa" da manufa abu da kuma amfani da shi don haskaka da manufa a kan wani bango na sauran abubuwa da cewa samar da zafi.

Cikin kewayon MANPADS "Stinger" a bin da burin ne mai fadi da kewayon daban-daban versions na shi. Saboda haka, domin a asali embodiment na matsakaicin zango ne daidai da 4750 m, kuma domin version FIM-92E har ya kai gare shi 8 km.

TTX MANPADS "Stinger"

Rasha MANPADS "Igla"

An sani ga ban sha'awa kwatanta da halaye na MANPADS "Stinger" da "Igla-S", rene ta Rasha Army a 2001. A hoto a kasa ya nuna lokacin da ya harbi MANPADS "Igla-S".

Dukansu gidaje kusa nauyi da makamai masu linzami: da "Stinger" - 10, 1 kg, domin "Allura-C" - 11,7, ko da yake Rasha da makami mai linzami 135 mm tsawo. Amma da diamita na jiki a duka biyu da makamai masu linzami ne sosai kusa: 70 da kuma 72 mm, bi da bi. Dukansu suna iya bugawa suke hari a altitudes har zuwa 3500 mita tare da infrared abin da ya ƙunsa warhead kusan daidai nauyi.

Da kuma yadda irin wannan wasu halaye na MANPADS "Stinger" da "allura"? Kwatanta su nuna kimanin parity na dama, wanda sake tabbatar da cewa matakin na wani Soviet tsaro ayyukan iya da kyau a tashe a Rasha da mafi kyaun waje model na makamai.