Abelyar Per. Na da Faransa Falsafa, mawãƙi kuma mawaki

Abelyar Per (1079 - 1142) - mafi bafalsafe na tsakiyar zamanai - gangara a tarihi kamar yadda a gane malami da kuma shawarta, wanda ya nasu ra'ayoyi a kan falsafar da cewa, ta sha bamban da sauran. Ransa ya tukuru ba kawai saboda bambancin ra'ayi da kullum yarda da akidarsu; babban jiki tsiya kawo Pierre soyayya: real, juna da kuma m. A rayuwa da harshen da m kalmar Falsafa ya bayyana wuya rayuwa a cikin autobiographical aiki "The tarihi na tsautsayi."

A farkon wata wuya hanya

Feeling amincewa daga wani wuri shekaru craving ga ilimi, Pierre ƙi gādon a cikin ni'imar da iyali, kana kõma bãya mai alamar aiki a cikin soja, bada kansa gaba daya ya sami ilimi.

Bayan koyar da Abelyar Per zauna a Paris, inda ya fara koyarwa a filin na tauhidin da falsafa, wanda daga baya sanã'anta shi ya san kuma daraja da kere gabban. A cikin karatu, ta tashi, bayyananne m harshe, mutane suka taru daga ko'ina Turai.

Abelard kuwa mai ilimi da kuma da-karanta mutumin, su saba da ayyukan Aristotle, Plato, Cicero.

Kunsawa da ra'ayoyi da malamansu - magoya bayan na daban-daban tsarin na Concepts - Pierre ya ɓullo da nasa tsarin - conceptualism (wani abu talakawan tsakanin nominalism da labarun almara), ta sha bamban daga ra'ayoyi na Champeaux - Faransa Falsafa da kuma abõkin. Shike da Abelard Champeaux kasance haka tabbatacce cewa karshen ko musanya masa da Concepts, kuma daga baya ya fara hãsadar Pierre daraja da ya zama maƙiyi - daya daga masu yawa.

Per Abelyar: rukunan

Pierre a cikin rubuce-rubucen wajaba dangantaka tsakanin addini da kuma dalilai, yana fifita karshen. Bisa ga Falsafa, da bai kamata mutum ya yi imani da suyi, domin kawai shi ne yarda da a cikin al'umma. Pierre Abelard ta rukunan shi ne cewa bangaskiya dole ne tunanin mutuntaka wajaba a kansa kuma inganta a cikin shi da wani mutum - kasancewa hikima - iya kawai otshlifovyvaya data kasance ilmi ta hanyar Dialectics. Bangaskiya shine kadai zato game da abubuwa da cewa ba su da samuwa mutum ji. A samfurin "Na'am, kuma ba," Per Abelyar, a takaice gwada Littafi Mai Tsarki quotes excerpts daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da firistoci, na nazarin da ra'ayoyi da suka gabata da kuma ya sami savanin a cikin maganganun da suka fitar. Kuma shi kawas da shakka a kan wasu coci akidarsu da kuma rukunan Kirista. Duk da haka, Abelyar Per da babu shakka babban arziki da Kiristanci. ya kawai ya miƙa su a m assimilation. Bayan duk, wani rashin fahimtar Littafi a hade tare da makafi addini, shi ne daidai da hali na jaki wanda ba ya fahimta guda drop a music, amma kokarin da wuya a cire daga cikin kayan aiki mai kyau da karin waƙa.

Abelard ta falsafa a cikin zukatan mutane da yawa

Per Abelyar, a falsafa wanda ya sami wani wuri a cikin zukatan mutane da yawa suka ba wahala daga matsananciyar tufafin da bayyane ya kira kansa da kawai Falsafa na wani abu tsaye a duniya. shi ya kasance wani mutum mai girma da ya lokaci: ya ƙaunace mata da kuma ganin darajarsa ta maza. Abelard samun daukakar reveled a cike.

Babban ayyukan Faransa Falsafa ita ce "eh, kuma ba", "Tattaunawa tsakanin wani Falsafa da wani Kirista Bayahude", "Ku sani kanka", "Kirista tauhidin".

Pierre kuma Eloise

Duk da haka, mafi, na ɗaukaka na Bitrus Abelard kawo ba laccoci, da kuma romantic tarihi, ya haifar da kaunar da ransa, kuma ya kasance cikin hanyar da ya faru a nan gaba unhappiness. Zaba Falsafa bisa abke, domin shi ya da kyau Heloise, wanda shekaru 20 da matasa, fiye da Pierre. Goma sha bakwai bana yarinya ya marãya da aka kawo a cikin gidan kawunsa Canon Fulbera ba chayavshego a ta rai.

A wani irin wata matasa shekaru Eloise ya precocious ilimi da kuma iya magana harsuna da dama (Latin, Girkanci, da Ibraniyanci). Pierre, wanda aka kira su zuwa ga koya Fulberom Eloise, fadi cikin soyayya tare da ita da farko wurin. Kuma ya almajiri ganin darajarsa mai girma zurfin tunani da kuma masani, doted a zaba daya, kuma ya shirye su yi wani abu domin wannan hikima da kuma m mutum.

Per Abelyar: A Biography of wani bakin ciki soyayya

Great Falsafa a cikin romantic lokaci ya tabbatar da kansa ma a matsayin mawãƙi kuma mawaki, da kuma rubuta ga matasa mutum kyau soyayya songs, sai nan da nan ya zama mashahuri.

A kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin masoya san kome da kome, amma Heloise, ya fito fili ya kira kansa a lover Pierre, ba a damu. a maimakon haka, ta yi girman kai don samun ta rawa, domin shi ne ita, wani maraya, Abelard wajen kyau da kuma daraja mata fawned a gefe. Ƙaunataccen dauki Eloise a Brittany, inda ta haifi ɗa, wanda yake mai biyu da aka tilasta su bar cikin ilimi na baki. Su yaro, suka taba gani a sake.

Daga baya, Per Abelyar da Heloise asirce aure. idan auren da aka sanya jama'a, cewa Pierre ba zai iya zama mai ruhaniya dignitary da kuma gina wani aiki Falsafa. Eloise, akan ga ruhaniya ci gaban mutum da aiki (maimakon ciwo ba rayuwa tare da jariri diapers da kuma har abada pans), a ɓoye ta da aure da kuma a kan ya dawo zuwa gidan kawuna ce cewa a lover Pierre.

Fushi Fulber iya ba zo sharuddan da halin kirki fall na nieces da kuma daya da dare tare da mataimakansa shiga gidan Abelard, inda ya barci, daura da kuma castrated. Bayan wannan m jiki zagi Pierre ritaya zuwa Abbey na Saint-Denisskoe da Heloise zama Nun a Convent Arzhanteyskom. Zai ze cewa duniya soyayya shi ne takaice da kuma jiki, wanda dade shekaru biyu, ya ƙare. A gaskiya, shi kawai ya juya a cikin wani daban-daban mataki - ruhaniya kusanci, m da m ga mutane da yawa.

Daya da ilimin tauhidi

Bayan rayuwa don wani lokaci a shãmaki, Abelyar Per koma lecturing, bada hanya zuwa yawa buƙatun daga dalibai. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan lokaci, ya dauki makamai a kan Orthodox masana tauhidi suka samu a cikin rubutun "Gabatarwa zuwa Kalam" shi ne saba wa Church koyarwa bayani na akidarsu na Triniti. Wannan shi ne dalilin da zargin da karkatacciyar koyarwa na Falsafa. ya rubutun da aka kone, da kuma Abelard kurkuku a cikin sufi na St .. Medard. Irin wannan mai tsanani jumla ya jawo babbar rashin biyan bukata da Faransa da limaman, shuwagabanninmu da manyanmu, da yawa daga waxanda suke da dalibai na Abelard. Saboda haka Pierre baya aka yi masa izni ga komawa zuwa St. Denisskoe Abbey. Amma ko da a can ya nuna masa individuality, su bayyana nasu ra'ayi, fiye da jawo wa kansu fushin sufaye. Jigon su damunsu da aka bude na gaskiya game da gaskiya ya kafa Abbey. A cewar Pierre Abelard, shi ya ba Dionisiy Areopagit - da almajiri na Bulus Manzo, kuma wanda ya rayu a wani yawa daga baya lokacin, wani saint. Daga cikin fushi Falsafa sufaye ya gudu. Ya samu mafaka a cikin jeji a kan Seine, kusa Nogent, inda ya kasance - ta'azantar da take kaiwa zuwa ga gaskiya, shiga da daruruwan dalibai.

Pierre Abelard fara sabon zalunci, saboda wanda ya yi nufin barin Faransa. Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci ya kuma an zabe mazaunin na Saint-Zhildskogo sufi, inda ya shafe shekaru 10. Eloise ya ba Parakletsky sufi. ta koma da ita nuns, kuma Pierre don taya shi a gudanar da al'amura.

Da sukan karkatacciyar koyarwa

A 1136, Pierre koma zuwa Paris, inda ya fara sake zuwa lacca a St. makaranta. Genebiebe. Pierre Abelard ta rukunan da kuma gane nasarar bai ba sauran wa makiya, musamman Bernard na Clairvaux. Hadishi sake zama tsananta. Daga Pierre ayyukan da aka zaba quotes da shawarar, shi ne tushen sabanin ra'ayin jama'a, wanda ya kai ga sake farfaɗo da zargin da karkatacciyar koyarwa. Taru a Cathedral of Sens Bernard amsa kamar yadda mai gabatar da kara, da kuma ko da yake muhawara kasance waɗanda aka raunana isa, taka muhimmiyar rawa tasiri, ciki har da shugaban Kirista. Cathedral Abelard ayyana wani bidi'a.

Abelard da Heloise: tare a sama

Tsananta Abelard bãyar da masauki, wa Bitrus da Venerable - mazaunin klyuinsky, da farko a cikin Abbey, sa'an nan a St. Markella sufi .. Akwai sufferer for 'yancin tunani ya kammala ta wuya hanya a rayuwa. Ya mutu a kan Afrilu 21 1142, a shekaru 63 da haihuwa. Ya Eloise mutu a 1164. shi ma ya shekaru 63 da haihuwa. The biyu da aka binne tare a Parakletskom Abbey. Lokacin da aka hallaka, tokar Pierre Abelard da Heloise aka hawa zuwa Paris a cikin hurumi na Père Lachaise. Don wannan rana, masoya a kai a kai dutsen kabari da aka yi wa ado da wreaths.