Management ka'idar

Management - shi ne mai sana'a aiki da nufin cimma burinta ta amfani da mafi kyau duka amfani da mutum da kuma kayan albarkatun kan ka'idojin, hanyoyin da ayyuka na tattalin arziki inji of management ka'idar.

A ainihi, wannan lokaci ne synonymous da kalmar "management". Duk da haka, "management" ne a narrower ra'ayi da kuma ya shafi kawai ga management na daban-daban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki matakai fadin sha'anin ko kungiyar. Wannan ra'ayi ya hada da:

• kasuwanci da kuma kiyasin kasuwar yanayi;
• tsirar kaya tare da kadan kudin da iyakar riba daga sayar.
• bincike na bayanai da kuma wani shirin a cimma da nufin manufar;
• mutum hanya management, wanda ya hada da wani asali sanin ilimin halin dan Adam da kuma ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a.

Babban fasaha na wani haife manajan ne ikon nasarar hadu da kalubale. A cikin wani karamin kamfanin sarrafa ayyuka kullum yi da darektan kansa. Amma idan m ya kai wani matsakaici to manyan size, ya zo ya taimake manajan (manajan, Oganeza, manajan). Kuma sau da yawa shi ya faru da cewa shi ne godiya ga su masu sana'a basira manajan solves da yawa matsaloli har ma fiye da darektan.

Management ka'idar - da kimiyya daga cikin hanyoyin da ka'idodinta irin management. Domin mafi fahimtar wannan kimiyya horo ne amfani don la'akari da tarihi ci gaba. Evolution of management ka'idar fara fiye da dari da suka wuce. Za mu iya rarrabe 5 asali makarantu kafa management tunani:

• A makaranta mayar da hankali a kan kimiyya management hanyoyin (tare da 1885. Daga 1920).

• gargajiya School (1920 - 1950 gg.).

• School, karatu da sakamako na mutum dangantakar (tare da 1930. Daga 1950).

• Behavioral School, kuma aka sani da makaranta na Behavioral Sciences (tun 1950. Har yau).

• School of Ilmin Lissafi da kuma gwada yawa m (tare da 1950. Yanzu).

A core na kimiyya management makaranta dangane da akida, da kuma ra'ayoyin Frederika Teylora. Wannan ka'idar management biya mai girma da hankali ga kimiyya nazarin kowane irin aiki, specialization na aiki da kuma bullo da bambanci biya tsarin. Taylor yi zaton cewa ta hanyar yin amfani da kallo, ji, dabaru, zai iya muhimmanci inganta aiki na manual aiki. Sauran sanannun wakilan wannan Trend ne Henry Gantt, matar yabon Lillian da kuma Frank Gilbreth.

The kafa na gargajiya makaranta ya zama Henri Fayol. Its wakilan karo na farko rabu da management na samarwa, nuna rubutu da shi a matsayin mai raba aiki. Wannan management ka'idar mayar da hankali a kan kyautata da kuma ci gaban da ka'idodinta kasuwanci management, na] aukacin tsari. A. Fayolle ci gaba da 14 a duniya a ka'idodinta management, da kuma Weber tsara harsãshin komai haqqinsa tsarin kula da management.

Rukunan "mutum dangantakar" ya zama mafificin dutsen gini na gaba Management School - makarantar da cewa kungiyar a tambaya a matsayin takamaiman "social tsarin." Cikin wadanda suka kafa wannan makaranta (Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, Fritz Roethlisberger) ya lura da cewa aiki yawan aiki ne ya rinjayi mutum bukatun. A cewar su, da manajan kamata ku yi jihãdi ga na yau da kullum jagoranci da kuma lashe "da ni'imar da mutane."

Ya bambanta da proponents na makaranta na mutum dangantakar, wanda sun fi mayar da hankali a kan bukatun da mutum, da wakilan da behaviourist makaranta (F. Herzberg, C. Argyris, D. McGregor, R. Laynkert) la'akari da nazarin halayyar mutane a cikin ƙungiyar, duka biyu m da kuma na yau da kullum. A cikin wadannan biyu makarantu ɓullo da theories na dalili a management.

A ilmin lissafi makaranta management ne takamaiman ma'ana aiwatar da cewa za a iya bayyana a cikin daidai ilmin lissafi model. Saboda haka, mayar da hankali ne a kan tattalin arziki da kuma ilmin lissafi hanyoyin, da yin amfani da statistics da kuma walwa management na kungiyar. Daga cikin wadanda suka kafa wannan makaranta mafi san Smoi G., D. Woodward, J. Maris, Mr. Ackoff, H. Lowry, D. Thompson.

Dangantaka na sama makarantu take kaiwa zuwa halittar inganci sosai management. Kowane shugabanci iko igiya kamar filaments, wanda ake lauye da juna, samar da mafi girma da ƙarfi. Modern management ka'idar ya tunawa da ci gaba da zurfafa da kuma ci gaba mafi kyau nasarori da kuma ra'ayoyin na kowace makaranta.