Major girgizar asa a Rasha. Girgizar girgizar kasa a Rasha

Girgizar asa a Rasha - wani abu mai mahimmanci. Hakika, ga mazaunan megacities da kuma tsakiyar rami wannan ba wani abu ba ne wanda ba a sani ba, amma a wasu wurare, a cikin birane, ana gudanar da su a kowace shekara wanda zai taimaka wa mutane su amsa yadda ya kamata a yayin wannan masifa. Alal misali, a cikin Tuva akwai girgizar kasa mai girma da maki 3.2 a ƙarshen 2011, har zuwa yau aikin aikin sigina a wannan yanki bai tsaya ba. Mazaunan gari sun san dabarun tsaro kuma sun san yadda za su kasance a cikin irin wannan yanayi, amma wannan ba ya damewa daga matsalolin da mutane ke ji, suna jin tsoron rayukansu da kare lafiyarsu.

Mene ne girgizar asa?

Don sanya shi a cikin harshe mai kyau, waɗannan su ne faɗakarwar duniya, wanda yawanci ya haifar da yanayin dabi'a na yanayi. Ba za muyi la'akari da irin wadannan matsalolin da suka faru ba kamar manyan fashewa da wasu matakai na fasaha.

Saboda mummunan lalacewar, girgizar asa tana da matsayi na gaba. A cikin tarihin 'yan Adam akwai misalan misalai na ikon lalatawar yanayi. Biliyoyin mutanen da ke cikin duniya da kuma sakamakon da ya keta dukkanin biranen birane har ma da dukan ƙasashe. Girgizar Kasa a cikin ƙasa na Rasha yawanci faruwa a mountainous yankunan, a jamsin na tectonic faranti. Jagora a cikin bayanin da irin wannan bala'i ya shafi, hakika, ana iya gano Kamchatka, Altai, Caucasus da Eastern Siberia. Hakika, wannan ba dukkan jerin ƙauyuka da ke ƙarƙashin girgizar asa ba. A cikin wasu birane, ana gudanar da ayyukan tsawaitaccen lokaci, amma ga mazaunin waɗannan abubuwa ba za a iya gani ba.

An yi la'akari da farfadowa na duniya a matsayin tsinkaya na girgizar kasa, wanda shine mafi kusa da tsakiyar abin da ba'ayi ba.

Irin girgizar asa

A yau, masana sun gano nau'o'in girgizar asa:

1. Volcanic - volcanic eruptions.
2. Kasashen girgizar kasa ba su da karfi, suna haifar da sauye-sauye na shinge.
3. Technogenic - da gagarumin da ake haifar da tsarin rayuwar mutum.

Yaya aka yi girgizar kasa?

Tremors auna ta musamman na'urar - seismograph, wanda tare da matuqar daidaici, ba kawai ƙaddara da ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa, amma kuma hasashen yadda karfi da so da korar tectonic faranti.

Akwai karfin duniya wanda aka yarda dashi, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa 12:

- aya 1. Wani girgizar kasa mai ban mamaki ne, tun da yake haɓakar ƙasa tana da iyakar abin da ba za a ji ba.

- maki 2. Wani abu mai rauni, wanda za'a iya jin dashi a cikin yanayi mai laushi. Kadan mutane ne kawai zasu ji shi.

- maki 3. Raunin girgizar kasa, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar canzawa wanda aka fi gani ga wasu.

- maki 4. Bambanci mai ban mamaki, sananne ga dukan mutane.

- maki 5. Babban girgizar kasa mai karfi, yana motsa motsin abubuwa a dakin.

- maki 6 (karfi). Daga kyawawan wurare, gine-gine za a lalace.

- maki 7. Girma mai tsananin gaske, haddasa mummunar lalata gine-gine.

- maki 8. Wani abu mai hallakaswa wanda zai iya halakar da maɗaukakan tsari.

- maki 9. Tsarrawar girgizar kasa. A cikin tsaunuka akwai raguwa masu karfi, kuma mutane a cikin birane ba zasu iya tsayawa a ƙafafunsu ba.

- maki 10. Rashin girgizar ƙasa na lalacewa zai iya haifar da lalacewa gaba ɗaya na sulhu, juya duk abin da ya rushe a hanya, ciki har da hanyoyi da kowane irin sadarwa.

- maki 11. Masifar.

- maki 12. Babban masifar, ba zai yiwu a tsira ba. Saukarwa yana canjawa gaba, ana tsinkaye shinge mafi girma, manyan ƙuƙwalwa, craters, kuma mafi yawa suna bayyana.

Dalilin girgizar asa

Manyan girgizar kasa a Rasha da kuma a sauran kasashe na duniya ne saboda da karo na lithospheric faranti. Alal misali, a cikin Caucasus, akwai farantin Larabawa, wanda yake motsawa a arewacin gefen arewacin Turai, a cikin jagorancin farantin Eurasia, wanda kuma, a lokaci guda, ya haɗu da Pacific Platinum, wanda yake Kamchatka. Ta hanyar Kamchatka Krai, girgizar asa a wannan yanki ma yana da tasirin wutar lantarki, a lokacin da akwai ƙarfin gaske.

Alamun girgizar asa

A cikin tarihin irin wannan lamari, masana kimiyya sun iya gano manyan alamu na farkon masifa. Girgizar asa a Rasha yakan fara ne bayan abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. Mazauna garuruwan da bala'in ya shafa sun nuna cewa, kafin wani lokaci kafin tashin hankali, sun ji daɗin iskar gas, ko da yake a baya a cikin wannan gari ba a kiyaye shi ba.
2. An kuma nuna maimaitawa cewa dabbobin gida sun fara fara nuna hali, kuma tsuntsaye a kan titi suna nuna mummunan zalunci.
3. Wasu masu lura da ido da wadanda ake zargi sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan sa'o'i kafin girgizar kasa sun kalli raguwa da na'urorin lantarki.

Wace girgizar asa ta kasance a Rasha

Rasha ya sha nanata sha wahala daga bala'o'i, ciki har da wadanda daga cikin karfi girgizar kasa. Yanayin ƙasashenmu yana da kyau da kuma bambanci, har ma da yanayin damun. Yankunan yanki sun samo asali ne a yankin Sakhalin da yankin Kamchatka.

Sakhalin

Ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, 1995, an hallaka Neftegorsk a Sakhalin. A sikelin, ikon abubuwan sune maki 7.5 da maki 10 a cikin farfadowar girgizar kasa. A cikin lokuta da dama, an cire Sakhalin Neftegorsk daga ƙasa, wanda a wannan lokacin yana da mazauna 3,200. Bayan wannan bala'i, mutane 400 ne kawai suka tsira, 150 daga cikinsu suka mutu a asibitoci daga ciwo. Wannan shine girgizar kasa na karshe a Rasha da irin wannan iko, wanda ya zama ainihin abin da ya faru mafi ban mamaki ba ga Sakhalin kawai ba, amma ga dukan ƙasar.

Kamar yadda masu shaida a baya suka tuna, ainihin tsoro ba a lokacin girgizar kasa ba, amma bayan. Mutane da dama sun binne a karkashin gidajensu na rushewa kuma a hankali sun yi mummunar tashin hankali.

Mazauna ƙauyen suka bar ƙasar kuma suna kokarin fara rayuwa "bayan girgizar kasa." Wannan bala'i ya zama mafi ƙarfi a cikin shekaru 100 da suka wuce. A cikin karni na karshe a 1952 a Sakhalin akwai tsunami, sakamakon girgizar kasa a cikin Pacific Ocean, wanda ya rushe birnin Arewa Kurilsk.

Mayu 25, 2013 a kan Sakhalin kuma akwai girgizar kasa da maki 4.

Kamchatka

Yankewar girgizar ƙasa a Rasha yawanci sun fada zuwa yankin Kamchatka. A tsakiyar Klyuchevskaya rukuni na dutsen tsaunuka shine Nameless Hill tare da tsawo na mita 3,085. An yi la'akari da shi dutsen dutsen mai tsautsayi, saboda haka girgizar kasa da ta fara tun da safe 1955 ta kasance mamaki.

Kwanjin wutar lantarki na Klyuchi, mai kimanin kilomita 45 daga dutsen tsaunuka, ya rubuta babban hayaƙi na fari. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, yawancin iskar wutar lantarki ya fi kilomita takwas.

A watan Nuwamba, mazaunan yankin sun lura da hasken walƙiya mai tsanani, kuma an rufe dutsen da toka. A cikin ƙasa da kwana 29, ginin tsaunin dutsen mai fadada ya ninka mita 550. Abin baƙin ciki shine wannan shiri ne kawai don bala'in da ya faru a ranar Maris 30, 1956. Irin wannan girgizar ƙasa a Rasha ba wani sabon abu ba ne, saboda haka ba wanda ya fice a cikin bege cewa dutsen mai tasowa zai ragu, musamman ma bayan da aikin ya ragu a watan Nuwamba.

A shekara ta 1956, matsa lamba a cikin dutsen mai fitattun wuta ya kai matukar muhimmanci. A cikin mintina 15, giant ya rushe wata babbar wutar wuta da ke fuskantar gabas a wani kusurwa na digiri 30. Gudun tsawo na kilomita 24, wannan ginshiƙin wuta da ƙananan giya ya rufe sama. Kusan kilomita 20 daga dutsen mai fitattun wuta, bishiyoyi sun lalace tare da tushe, ko ƙonewa tare da saurin walƙiya. Da kauri na zafi yashi da kuma ruwan da ya fadi daga sama ya sa snow narke da sauri. Rigun ruwa mafi qarfin ruwa ya rushe, ya jawo wa kansu sassan duwatsu da duwatsu, ya rushe duk abin da yake cikin tafarkinsa.

An shafe ainihin magungunan mahaukaci daga fuskar ƙasa, abin farin ciki, masana kimiyya a wancan lokacin ba su kasance a can ba. Farfesa Gorshkov ya ce idan wannan rafi ya gudana a wata hanya, za a rushe dukkanin yankunan da za su shiga cikin misalai mafi banƙyama na girgizar asa a Rasha.

Kamchatka shi ne yanki mafi haɗari, ba ma saboda akwai adadi mai yawa a kan iyakokinta, amma saboda a yayin wani masifa, yawancin mazauna zasu kasance a kulle a tsaunuka.

Tuva

A shekarar 2012, girgizar kasa ta auna 3.2 da maki an rubuta a kusa da Kyzyl. Wannan sabon abu ya fara a 7:30 na safe. Tun da abubuwa ba su da karfi sosai, babu wadanda suka mutu.

Rahotanni na girgizar kasa a Rasha sun hada da abin da ya faru a wannan yanki a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba, 2011, to, hakan yana da maki 9.5 a cikin farfadowa da 6.7 a sauran wuraren. Ayyukan Seismic ya ci gaba har zuwa karshen Fabrairun 2012, lokacin da aka samu turawa mai girma 6.5. Gidan jarida ya fi kusan kilomita 100 daga wurare masu yawa. Duk da haka, an ji damuwar a yankin Buryatia, Irkutsk, da Khakassia da yankin Krasnoyarsk. Taswirar girgizar asa a Rasha ya ƙunshi dukkanin yankuna mafi mahimmanci ga ayyukan sutsi, ciki har da Kyzyl. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararrun sun sabunta dukkanin bayanai a kowane wata. An dauki samfurori samfurin a samfurin kuma anyi nazari sosai. Bisa ga waɗannan nazarin, masana ilimin lissafin ilimin lissafin halitta zasu iya hango hango ko wane yankunan irin waɗannan abubuwa zasu yiwu.

Abin da ya kamata a yi a lokacin girgizar kasa a Rasha

A alamar farko na girgizar asa, kana buƙatar fita waje da sauri. Idan hargitsi ya faru a kowani kowane sashi na 15-20, gwada ƙoƙarin motsawa a cikin raguwa lokacin da girgiza ya rage.

Idan kana zaune a cikin gine-gine masu yawa, to, kada kayi amfani da hawan doki, tun da akwai hadarin cewa an riga an keta sadarwa. Sabili da haka, ya fi dacewa da barin gidaje da windows kuma ku tsaya a ƙofar har sai kun sami zarafin barin gidan.

Idan a lokacin da girgizar kasa, kai ne a waje, kokarin zauna kamar yadda nisa daga gine-gine, billboards da itatuwa. Babban girgizar ƙasa a Rasha yawanci halaka gine-gine da kuma rarraba sassa na shinge slabs a ko'ina cikin unguwa. Komawa a kan mota ba a bada shawarar ba, saboda kullun ya fashe a farkon wuri kuma ba zato ba tsammani, saboda haka ba za ka iya samun lokaci don fita daga motar ba idan ka sami shafin yanar gizo.

Dakata kwanciyar hankali kuma kada ku firgita, da karin jinin jinin ku, mafi kusantar ku tsira.

Zai fi kyau a koyaushe a ajiye dukkan takardun da ake bukata, don haka idan akwai wani masifa ko wuta za ka iya barin gidan tare da fasfo, wannan zai guji karar launi tare da takardu.

A ƙarshe

Girgizar girgizar ƙasa a Rasha ta fi sau da yawa fiye da yadda muke tunani. Mazauna mafi yawan yankuna na yanki suna jin tsoron cewa bala'in zai faru. Duk da kokarin da masana kimiyya da sauran masana keyi, har yanzu ba zai yiwu a hango ko yaushe ba kuma inda girgizar kasa za ta faru. Yanayin ba shi da tabbas kuma a wasu lokuta yana azabtar da bil'adama saboda rashin kulawarsa.