The Earth ta magnetosphere: sakamakon canji. Duniya ta m harsashi

Magnetosphere ƙunsa wani jiki tare da wani Magnetic filin. Yana faruwa saboda gaskiyar cewa barbashi tare da zargin karkacewa daga asalin layi na motsi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da ciki magnetism. A wurin taron makamashin hasken rana da kuma wani Magnetic filin ya haifar da wani jini membrane rufe da magnetosphere.

Effect rãnã zuwa ga ƙasã

A rana ta fitarda yawa makamashi, wanda aka kullum fadada, "evaporates" a waje. Wannan fadada ake kira da hasken rana da iska.

The hasken rana da iska kara a wani shugabanci, ciko duk interplanetary sarari. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin interstellar jini samuwar yankin da aka kafa, wanda ake ce da hasken rana da iska jini.

Solar jini motsa spirally, da wani talakawan of 4 days nasara da tazara tsakanin rana da duniya.

Sun saki makamashi da abin da rai a duniya. Duk da haka, da rãnã zo da m radiation, hallakaswa zuwa dukan abubuwa masu rai a wannan duniya tamu. Lokacin da motsi na Duniya a rana radiation ba a ko'ina rarraba a ko'ina cikin shekara. Saboda wannan dalili, da canza yanayi.

Da kare Duniya?

The halitta tsarin da duniyarmu kare shi daga cutarwa da hasken rana radiation. Duniya da aka kewaye da dama bawo:

• magnetosphere cewa kare da hasken rana radiation juyi.
• ionosphere, mamaye X-haskoki da ultraviolet radiation.
• lemar sararin samaniya tauyewa saura yawa na ultraviolet radiation.

A sakamakon haka, da Duniya ta biosphere (da mazauninsu na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta) kare yake gaba.

The Earth ta magnetosphere - da m Layer, da outermost duniya. Yana da wani shamaki ga hasken rana da iska jini. Saboda wannan dalili, da rãnã jini malala kewaye da duniya, kafa cavernous samuwar a cikin abin da yake a ɓõye, a geomagnetic filin.

Me ya sa babu wani Magnetic filin?

Sanadin nazarin sasannin Magnetism boye a cikin duniya. Kamar yadda aka sani game da tsarin da duniyarmu, shi kunshi:

• core.
• alkyabbar.
• Duniya ta ɓawon burodi.

Around duniya akwai wani iri-iri na daban, ciki har da gravitational da halin maganaɗisu. Nauyi a cikin sauki hankali ne janye daga ƙasa ga duk kayan barbashi.

Duniya ta magnetism ne mamaki cewa faruwa a kan iyakokin da zuciyar da alkyabba. Duniya kanta - shi ne mai babbar maganadisu, gaba ɗaya magnetized ball.

A sabili da duk Magnetic filayen ne lantarki ko naci magnetization. Masana kimiyya da hannu a cikin matsalar na Duniya ta magnetism, gano:

• Yanã Magnetic janye daga cikin Duniya.
• kafa sadarwa tsakanin terrestrial magnetism kuma ta kafofin;
• ƙayyade da rarraba da kuma shugabanci na Magnetic filin a duniya.

Wadannan nazarin suna da za'ayi ta hanyar Magnetic safiyo kazalika ta hanyar kallo Observatory - musamman maki a fagage daban-daban na duniya.

Ta yaya magnetosphere?

Design da kuma gina magnetosphere ake samar:

• da hasken rana da iska.
• terrestrial magnetism.

The hasken rana da iska - wani jini fitarwa ne rarraba daga Sun a duk inda. The iska gudun a farfajiya na 300-800 km / s. The hasken rana da iska mai cike da protons, electrons, alpha barbashi da kuma halin da kusan-tsaka tsaki. The hasken rana da iska da aka bai wa hasken rana magnetism moveable jini da nisa sosai.

The Earth ta magnetosphere ne quite rikitarwa kogo. Duk da sassa a cike suke da jini matakai, wanda na bayar da muhimmanci barbashi hanzari sunadaran. A kan rana gefen ƙofa daga tsakiyar duniya da iyakokin ƙaddara da karfi na hasken rana da iska da zai iya kai 60 zuwa 70 kilomita dubu, wanda shi ne daidaita da radius daga cikin Duniya 10-12 Re. Re ne daidai da 6371 km.

Magnetosphere iyakoki bambanta dangane da wuri dangi zuwa da rana. Irin wannan iyaka a kan m gefe na nau'i ne kama da harsashi. Its m nisa na 15 Re. Tare da duhu gefe magnetosphere daukan wani nau'i na cylindrical wutsiya, ta radius na 20-25 Re, tsawon 200 Re, kawo karshen unknown.

A magnetosphere, akwai yankunan da high-makamashi gaɓũɓuwa, aka kira su "radiation bel". Magnetosphere iya bada daban-daban oscillation ne da kanta a tushen radiation, ɓangare na abin da za su iya shiga cikin Duniya.

A jini seeps cikin magnetosphere jinkiri tsakanin halaye magnetopause - iyakacin duniya cusps, kuma ma saboda mamaki hydro da instabilities.

Aiki da Magnetic filin

The Earth ta magnetosphere rinjayar da geomagnetic aiki, geomagnetic hadari da substorms.

Wannan zai kare rayuwarsa a duniya. Ba tare da shi, rayuwa za ta gushe. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da teku na Mars kuma ta yanayi sun tafi a cikin sarari saboda tasirin da hasken rana da iska unhidden. Kamar yadda Venus da ruwa da aka nike cikin sarari hasken rana juyi.

A magnetosphere ne ma wani Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn da kuma Neptune. Mars kuma Mercury ta Magnetic harsashi kaɗan. Venus da shi ba, tare da hasken rana da iska sarrafa jimre saboda da ionosphere.

Features filin

Babban dukiya da Magnetic filin - wannan tashin hankali. Magnetic tsanani - shi ne mai vector yawa. Planet ta Magnetic filin da aka wakilta Lines na karfi tangential zuwa gare su da nuna shugabanci na vector na tashin hankali.

A halin maganaɗisu filin a cikin wadannan kwanaki ne 0.5 œ ko 0.1 A / m. Masana kimiyya yarda da hawa da sauka a cikin darajar baya. Amma na karshe 2-3.5 shekaru biliyan, da geomagnetic filin bai canza ba.

Point a Duniya, inda da tashin hankali ne directed tsaye, suna kira Magnetic zura sandunan ɗaukarsa. A ƙasashensu biyu:

• arewa.
• Ta Kudu.

Ta hanyar biyu sandunan wuce mike - Magnetic axis. Circle, located perpendicular zuwa axis, - wani Magnetic ekweita. A filin ƙarfi a ekweita ne a kwance.

Magnetic sandunan

Magnetic sandunan ba dace da saba Gwargwadon. Geographic sandunan suna located a kan yanayin axis tare da duniya rotates. Lokacin da motsi na Duniya a kusa da rãnã da shugabanci na duniya ta axis ne kiyaye.

Kamfas kibiya nuna daidai Magnetic Arewa iyakacin duniya. Magnetic Observatory auna hawa da sauka daga Magnetic filin a lokacin da rana, wasu daga cikinsu suna tsunduma a kowane biyu ji.

Daga cikin Arewa iyakacin duniya zuwa ta Kudu wuce Magnetic meridians. A kwana tsakanin Magnetic da kasa Meridian ake kira da Magnetic karkatar. Kowane batu a duniya na da kwana na karkatar.

A ekweita kibiya maganadisu aka located horizontally. Lokacin da motsi zuwa arewa karshen daga cikin manya kibiya rushes sauka. A kwana tsakanin kibiya da kuma kwance surface - Magnetic karkata. A cikin filin sandunan da kuma mafi girma karkata ne 90 digiri.

Motsi Magnetic filayen

Tare da tsari na Magnetic sandunan da aka canza a kan lokaci.

Da farko, da Magnetic iyakacin duniya da aka bude a 1831, sa'an nan an located daruruwan kilomita bãya daga wuri na yanzu. M nesa na motsi ga shekara - 15 km.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da kudi na motsi na Magnetic sandunan qara. Arewa iyakacin duniya ne motsi a gudun kilomita 40 a kowace shekara.

Sake shirya Magnetic filayen

A tsari na canza polarity a duniya da aka kira wani inversion. Masana kimiyya sani na akalla game da 100 a lokacin da geomagnetic filin reverses ta polarity.

An yi imani da cewa inversion faruwa a kowane 11-12 shekara dubu. Sauran versions ake kira 13, 500, da kuma ko 780 000 shekara. Zai yiwu inversion yana da wani bayyanannen periodicity. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa a baya inversions rayuwa a duniya zauna.

Mutane suna ta tambaya, "Yaushe za jira na gaba sokewa"

hijirar na sandunan mataki faruwa a lokacin karshe karni. A Kudu iyakacin duniya yanzu located a tekun Indiya, da kuma arewa da aka canja fadin Arctic Ocean zuwa Siberia. A halin maganaɗisu filin kusa da sandunan a lokaci guda raunana. Rage-rage tashin hankali.

Mafi m, na gaba inversion na rayuwa a duniya za ta ci gaba. The kawai tambaya ne, a abin da kudin. Idan inversion faruwa a tare da karewa a Duniya ta magnetosphere na wani dan gajeren lokaci, shi zai iya zama mai hadarin gaske ga bil'adama. Kuranye duniya adversely shafi cosmic haskoki. Bugu da ƙari, rage na lemar sararin samaniya Layer kuma iya zama mai tsanani Hazard.

Canza sandunan a rana, wanda ya faru a 2001, bai kai ga kashewa da ta Magnetic Layer. Za a kama labari a duniya, masana kimiyya ba su san.

A perturbation na magnetosphere na duniya: da tasiri a kan mutum

Lokacin da farko gabatowa da hasken rana jini kai magnetosphere. Amma lalace jini permeability lalacewar taso Magnetic harsashi a karkashin wani yanayi. Solar jini da kuma samar da makamashi shiga cikin magnetosphere. Dangi da kudi na inflow da makamashi gudana, akwai bambance-bambancen karatu uku na magnetosphere amsa:

1. Kwantar da hankula a jihar da magnetosphere - harsashi ba ya canja da matsayi a matsayin kudi na makamashi motsi ne ma kananan ko daidai to darajar da dissipated makamashi a cikin Magnetic filin.
2. Magnetic substorm. Yanayin da ya auku a cikin akwati inda kudi na shigowa makamashi masha'a kudi sama da tukwãne kuma wani ɓangare na samar da makamashi Tserewa daga magnetosphere tashar, da ake kira substorm. A tsari kunshi a sakewa kashi magnetospheric makamashi. Da haske ta personification - Aurora. Watsi da wuce haddi da makamashi na iya faruwa a kan jinkiri na 3 hours a iyakacin duniya da yankunan biyu hemispheres.
3. A Magnetic hadari - ne mai tsari karfi filin tashin hankali saboda da high kudi na makamashi kawota azahiri. A halin maganaɗisu filin ne canza da kuma a kasa, a yankin na ekweita.

A duniya ta Magnetic filin a lokacin substorms dabam a gida da kuma a lokacin hadari ne duniya canje-canje. A cikin wani hali, wadannan canje-canje ba faru fiye da 'yan bisa dari, wanda shi ne da yawa kasa fasaha filayen.

Medicine ya yi imanin cewa Magnetic hadari adversely shafi lafiyar dan adam. A wannan lokacin, an kara yawan marasa lafiya fama da cututtukan zuciya da na, ciki da kuma sauran neuropsychiatric cuta.

Da muhimmancin da Duniya ta magnetosphere a duk yanayin tafiyar matakai a duniya. Wannan m shafi kare duniya daga da yawa ya fi karfinsu matakai da musababin da yanayi. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar canje-canje a cikin magnetosphere na duniya suna canza yanayin siffofin, siffofin dabbobi sharar gida da kuma shuke-shuke, da kuma more.