Mafi yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a duniya

Adadin ƙananan ƙarfe yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin su da halayen jiki. Idan akwai irin wannan alamar haɗakar lantarki, wannan haɗin ba haka ba ne mai sauƙi ba. Mafi yawan abincin lantarki, idan aka auna a cikin zafin jiki (+20 ° C), shine azurfa. Amma babban farashi yana ƙayyade amfani da sassa na azurfa a aikin injiniya na lantarki da kuma microelectronics. Ana amfani da abubuwa na azurfa a irin waɗannan na'urorin kawai a yanayin yanayin tattalin arziki.

Ma'anar jiki na haɗuwa

Yin amfani da masu sarrafa nau'i na da tarihin dogon lokaci. Masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi aiki a fannonin kimiyya da fasaha, da yin amfani da wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci domin sanin kayan for wayoyi, tashoshi, lambobin sadarwa, buga kewaye allon , da sauransu. D. Gane mafi conductive karfe a duniya yakan taimaka wa jiki yawa kira da lantarki watsin.

Concept baya madugu lantarki juriya. Hakanan mahimmanci na nuna haɗin kai yana da alaƙa da sashin juriya, wanda aka auna a cikin tsarin ƙasashen duniya (SI) a Ohms. Naúrar aikin haɗakar lantarki a tsarin SI-Siemens. Harshen Rasha na wannan sashi shine Sm, siginar ƙasashen duniya shine S. Tsarin wutar lantarki na 1 cm yana da wani ɓangare na cibiyar sadarwa na lantarki tare da juriya na 1 ohm.

Musamman haɗakarwa

Yana ƙaddara da ikon da wani abu da za su gudanar da wutar lantarki a halin yanzu ake kira watsin. Mafi mahimmancin alamar ita ce mafi yawan kayan aiki na lantarki. Wannan halayyar za a iya ƙaddara don kowane abu ko matsakaici na kayan aiki kuma yana da ƙididdiga na lamba. Watsin cylindrical shugaba naúrar tsawon kuma a naúrar giciye-bangaranci yankin da aka alaka da resistivity da shugaba.

Yanayin haɗin kai na kamfanin Siemens ta mita - S / m. Don gano ko wane ne daga cikin ƙananan ƙwayar ne mafi ƙarfin haɗakar lantarki a duniya, ya isa ya kwatanta halayen su, gwajin gwaji. Zaka iya ƙayyade resistive tare da na'urar ta musamman - micro-mita. Waɗannan halayen sunyi banbanci.

Haɓakawa na karafa

The sosai manufar lantarki halin yanzu a matsayin wani umarni kwarara daga caje barbashi ze mafi jitu abubuwa dangane crystal lattices muhimmi karafa. Masu ɗaukan caji a lokuta na lantarki a cikin ƙananan ƙarfe suna da zaɓin lantarki kyauta, maimakon ions, kamar yadda ya faru a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na ruwa. An kafa gwajin gwaji cewa lokacin da halin yanzu yana gudana a cikin karafa, babu hanyar canza matakan kwayoyin halitta tsakanin masu jagoran.

Abubuwa masu kyau sun bambanta da wasu ta hanyar haɓaka kyauta a matakin atomatik. Tsarin ƙwayar ƙarfe na jiki yana nuna cewa akwai gabanin yawan 'yan lantarki guda ɗaya. Wanne a rinjayar rinjayar electromagnetic sojojin samar da wani directed kwarara. Saboda haka, ba kome ba ne cewa karafa sune mafi kyawun masu jagorancin wutar lantarki, kuma waɗannan sunadaran kwayoyin halitta ne waɗanda ke rarrabe mafi yawan kayan aiki na lantarki. Dangane da siffofin tsarin ƙaddarar ƙarfe na ƙananan ƙarfe, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abu sune - hawan haɓakar thermal.

Mafi kyawun masu jagoranci - karafa

4 ababen da ke da muhimmancin amfani da su a matsayin masu aikin lantarki suna rarraba a cikin wannan tsari dangane da darajar halayyar da aka auna cikin cm / m:

1. Azurfa - 62 500 000.
2. Copper - 59.5 miliyan.
3. Gold - 45 500 000.
4. Aluminum - miliyan 38.

Ana iya ganin cewa mafi yawan kayan aikin lantarki shine azurfa. Amma kamar zinari, an yi amfani dasu don tsara hanyar sadarwa ta lantarki kawai a wasu lokuttan musamman. Dalilin shi ne babban farashi.

Amma jan karfe da aluminum - mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka don kayan lantarki da samfurori na ƙasa saboda rashin ƙarfin halin lantarki da kuma rashin iyawa. Wasu ƙananan karafa suna da wuya a yi amfani dashi a matsayin jagorori.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da halayyar karafa

Ko da mafi yawan kayan aiki na lantarki ya rage halayyarta, idan ya ƙunshi wasu additives da marasa tsabta. A cikin allo, tsarin sifa mai banbanci ya bambanta da na "ƙananan" ƙarfe. Ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar cin zarafi, fashe da sauran lahani. Halin aiki yana raguwa tare da kara yawan zafin jiki.

Ƙarin ƙarfin juriya a cikin allo, sami amfani a cikin abubuwa masu zafi. Ba abin haɗari ba cewa don kayan aiki na wutar lantarki, nichrome, fencer da sauran allo suna amfani da su.

Mafi yawan kayan aiki na lantarki yana da azurfa mai yawan gaske, mafi yawan masu amfani da su, don yin gyare-gyare, da dai sauransu. Amma a cikin aikin injiniya da kayan aikinsa na musamman sunadaran da kayan jiki suna samun aikace-aikace mai yawa. Alal misali, banda yin amfani da shi a cikin wutsiya da haɗuwa tare da rage juriya, tsawa ta azurfa yana kare ƙungiyoyi masu hulɗa daga hawan ƙwayar abu. Abubuwan da ke da yawa na azurfa da allo sun yi amfani da shi daidai da komai, duk da girman farashin.