M - wani son rai da kuma daidaita alliance

The kamus (msl, Ifraimu) wadannan fassarorin da aka bã kalma. Artel - shi ne:

1. Na mutane da wani sana'a a cikin kungiyar domin su ha] in kai. Haka ma su na kowa alhakin da kai-management, hadin gwiwa hallara a samun kudin shiga (ãdalci).

2. A wani zaurance, m - wani tarin mutane ko wani rukuni zuwa tare (taro, gungu, "yawo tawagar").

Ozhegov

Yana bada kara definition na hadin matsayin babban nau'i na samarwa jam'iyya na 'yan kasa a karkashin gurguzanci ga hadin gwiwa (gama) noma, to socialize wajen samar.

wasu kamus

Shafi amsoshin da tambaya "Wane ne gungu?" Kuma suna a cikin Encyclopedic, kuma a cikin "Business-ƙamus." Wani lokaci gajiyan na son rai jam'iyya. Abin sha'awa fassara da kalmar "m" a cikin "Maritime kamus." Wannan ƙungiya da sojoji ko matuƙan a Rasha sojojin ruwa da kuma sojojin domin shirya ikon da na kowa tukunyar (a kudi na kudi, ya sa su a kan kayayyakin). Wannan tattalin arzikin a cajin cinikayya dako wanda zabe matuƙan ko sojoji, da kuma amince da manyan jami'an. Bisa ga kamus Dahl, m - kawance juna alhakin, fraternity, inda duk na daya da daya ga duk, ko - tawagar.

da son rai jam'iyya

Partnership (m) ya nuna daidaici da ma'aikata. Su warware duk da samar da al'amurran da suka shafi da gwamnati a kan tushen da juna da kuma juna taimako. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ƙungiya a cikin wani hanya iyakance cin gashin kuma harkokin kasuwanci da ruhu na kowane mutum takara, amma a maimakon haka, shi ne karfi da karfafa. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a hada da na gama kokarin da penchant domin kai-da aikin yi!

ka'idodi

A m da cika fuska suppressed ko da yunkurin amfani da wasu sauran mambobi na al'umma. A qa'ida ta daidaici ba a soke, da kuma gudanar da aiki, amma kusan kowace kungiya daga cikin m iya nada a kan wani m post gwarazansa. Wani lokaci wadannan ayyuka ake yi a tarnaƙi. A wannan girmamawa, da} awancen ne gaba daya ba jari hujja samuwar. Amma daidaici ba ya nufin egalitarianism! Duk da rarraba kudin shiga tsakanin m mambobin da aka za'ayi bisa ga aikin da za'ayi da su. Sau da yawa, mãtan aure magana tsakanin wani da ake kira madauwari beli. Kowane mutum vouched ga kowane, tare - daya. Wannan alhakin - wani bigiren siffa daga cikin gonar. Don sun tsira da tarihi yarjejeniyarsu tare da Artel, wanda kai tsaye ya nuna cewa wani asarar fada a kan kowane daga cikin free ƙungiya memba. Marubuci Herzen, misali, dauke kamar gona al'ummomi, jaddada al'ummomi daga asalin ƙungiyoyi, "kinship" mahalarta. A Rasha tarihi, akwai ko da misalai na dukan kauyuka, hadin kuma sabis adireshin translation, zirga-zirga.

Shugaban gona

Ko da yake m - shi ne, na farko, da samarwa kai gwamnati, shi har yanzu yana da kansa majalisarsa, zaba daga cikin mafi daraja members. m shugabannin yawanci kira Atamans, dattawa, Bolshakov. Abin da ake bukata mai kauri hannunka, da hankali da kuma nufin, wanda ba kawai nuna bukatun duk mambobi ne na gona, amma ba su iya m da kuma kare. Amma wannan al'umma yana ga shugaban wani m iko, wanda ba za a iya kauce masa.

zamani hadin

A Soviet sau, har cikin tsakiyar 60s, aka kira selhozarteli wasu gonaki. A masana'antu, akwai abin da ake kira "ciniki" m, tsunduma a cikin arziki na jama'a ayyuka da kuma samar da kayayyakin. Karkashin Stalin artel motsi tana goyon bayan, amma Khrushchev a 1956, ya yanke shawarar koma zuwa jihar duk da gona, da kuma 70-80 su ne kawai suke jiyar da doka prospectors. Yau gona canza kama zuwa hadin ko kananan iyali kasuwanci, kuma a cikin m siffar daina wanzuwa.