Perfect kuma ajizai gasar: da yanayi, halaye, da asali model

Perfect kuma ajizai gasar, su siffofi, model, fasali, ya kasance ga dama ƙarni ta da hankali da zukatan duniya ta manyan tattalin arziki.

Competition, kamar yadda aka sani, shi ne mafi muhimmanci alama na wani kasuwar tattalin arzikin. Yana da wani tsari na hulda tsakanin masu saye da masu sayarwa, a cikin abin da karshen akwai kome Unlimited 'yancin zabi, da kuma kowane daga cikin masu sayarwa da tabbatar masa da cewa shi ne ya zaɓi ne mafi m.

Gasar yi dogon janyo hankalin wani iri-iri na tattalin arziki, duk da haka, idan kafin babu daya shakka iyãwarsa ga tsara da kasuwar, a cikin wannan ƙarnin da karfi muryoyin da cewa kamata ya bambanta irin wannan abu a matsayin cikakke kuma ajizai gasar.

The abu ne cewa, na dogon lokaci, masu bayar da shawarwarin da ake kira free kasuwar da'awar cewa ya iya warware duk matsalolin tattalin wata al'umma sanin vector na ci gaban jihar. Da zuciyar alama ce ta wannan tattalin arziki model, suka gan tsarki gasar, a cikin abin da samar da wani samfurin zai magance kamar yadda da yawa da kamfanoni da mutane, da kuma taimako na kowane daga gare su a cikin total samar zai zama haka kananan cewa babu wani daga cikinsu shi kadai ba zai iya da hukunci tasiri a kan samuwar farashin.

Bugu da kari ya na sama, da halayyar da kasuwar da cikakken gasar zaci kamar rashin wani gagarumin kudi don talla da kuma tallace-tallace gabatarwa a kan sauran kasuwanni. All gasar tsakanin kera ya za'ayi kawai a kan matakin na farashin da ingancin kayayyaki. Duk wani kamfanin a kowane lokaci yana da damar da za su bar cikin kasuwar ba tare da wani sakamakon da kansu.

Duk da haka, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, da net kasuwar da aka fi mafarki fiye da gaskiya. Magana game da gaskiyar cewa da cikakke kuma ajizai gasar ne daidai da muhimmi a cikin wani kasuwar, da kuma predominance na daya nau'i ko wata dogara a kan matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki na al'umma, shi ya ba fiye da tãtsuniyoyi. Ajizai gasar, kamar yadda ya juya waje, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar 'yan adam.

A halin yanzu akwai wadannan model na ajizai gasar:

1. Competition tsakanin manyan kamfanonin-monopolists. Wannan tsari ne na musamman zuwa ga tattalin arzikin duniya sarari, a lokacin da daya ko wasu kamfanoni da aka raba tsakanin manyan kamfanoni, kowanne daga abin da yana da duk siffofin zama cikin tafin kafa mai sayarwa a guda ƙasar. Wannan tsari shi ne mafi kyau dace domin fahimtar rudanin da "cikakke kuma ajizai gasar." A lokaci guda, idan muka dauki dukan duniya kasuwar matsayin dukan, akwai ba guda manufacturer yana da wani hukunci levers cewa zai iya shafar farashin. A misali - kasuwa na wasanni da kuma kayan aiki.

2. Oligopoly. Wannan model kwakwalwa gaba da cewa kasuwar ga wasu kayayyaki, ko hidimar da aka raba tsakanin karamin yawan manyan kamfanonin da suke mafi kusantar da za a samu tare a sun haɗu. Amma ga farashin a oligopoly yanayi, da kamfanonin yarda a kan sharuddan da kashin, yayin da darajar da ba-core kayayyakin iya zama daban-daban. Misali - kasuwa domin samar da wadanda ba ferrous karafa.

3. Pure kenkenewa a lokacin da kasuwar aiki daya player, da kuma kayyade farashin da kuma inganci da kewayon kaya da kuma ayyuka. Babu sauran kamfanin a cikin wannan tattalin arziki sarari ba a yarda, talla manufacturer kusan ba da ake bukata. Misali - OJSC "Gazprom".