Lysosome: sifa da aiki kwayoyin halitta

Daga cikin iri-iri na salon salula Tsarin, daya kawai aiwatar da yake iya enzymatic tsakiyan nonon jamiái. Yana lysosome. Tsari da kuma aiki, musamman ta wurin a daban-daban na nama da za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Lysosome: sifa da aiki

The kalmar "lysis" da aka fassara daga Girkanci nufin "rushe". Kuma shi ne tare da cikakkar daidaici na kama jigon da manufa kwayoyin halitta. Lysosomes ne microscopic vesicles, kullum spherically dimbin yawa. Su diamita ne kawai Girma na 100-180 nm. Waje, suna kewaye da wani membrane. Ciki sun hada da hydrolytic enzymes, wanda ya samar da wani acidic muhalli. Wadannan halitta abubuwa ne nazarin halittu catalysts. Su bugun up sinadaran halayen, amma ba wani ɓangare na da kayayyakin. Dauka tare, da lysosome - cibiyar sadarwa tsarin da ayyuka na wanda ake subordinated da babban aiki - tsagawa na Kwayoyin to mahadi.

location lysosomes

A samu na lysosome cell nasa ne da Belgium sunadarai da kuma masanin halitta Kirista de Dyuvu. Kuma wannan taron Dates baya ga shekara ta 1955. Bayan da masanin kimiyya karatu a daki-daki cikin tsari da kuma aiki na lysosomes Kwayoyin. A cewar wadannan bayanai, enzyme wasu gabbansa a Kwayoyin shirya duk eukaryotic kwayoyin, shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da fungi. Amma a prokaryotic kwayoyin ne ba ya nan, don haka ba su iya phagocytosis da kwayuka narkewa daga abubuwa.

Da wakilan da daban-daban mulkokin yanayi da yawan data Tsarin dabam da yawa. A shuka kwayoyin da fungi ne aikin da anatomically lysosomes ne vacuoles, don haka yawanci su ne a cikin mufuradi. Amma a dabba Kwayoyin, su yawan iya isa dama dubu lambobi. A cikin wani hali, da adadin bai wuce kashi biyar bisa dari na jimlar. Af, kawai ya kafa hujja cewa a cikin jikin kyallen takarda daga dabbobi masu shayarwa lysosomes ne ba ya nan kawai a cikin ja jini Kwayoyin - ja jini Kwayoyin.

The inji na lysosomes

Lysosome, da sifa da aiki na da damar domin kwayuka narkewa, shi ne iya wannan a hanyoyi da dama, dangane da irin. Wasu daga cikin su ci tare da phage da pinocytosis vesicles kuma tare samar da narkewa kamar vacuole. Da takamaiman aiki. Shi ne da aiwatar da kwayuka narkewa daga abubuwa, watau cell abinci mai gina jiki.

Wani irin lysosomes hidima ga rabu da matattu Kwayoyin wasu gabbansa, ya zama ruwan dare Kwayoyin, ko nama, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wadannan da wasu gabbansa halakar jikin larval matakai na dabbobi, kamar gills da wutsiyoyi daga tadpoles halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Wani irin lysosomes iya kusanci surface na membrane, dauke da fitar kau nasu enzymes da extracellular narkewa.

Ma'ana na enzymatic halayen

Mene ne sifa da aiki na lysosomes, mun riga aikatã game da. Amma yadda muhimmanci ake tafiyar matakai za'ayi da wadannan da wasu gabbansa da Kwayoyin da kwayoyin a matsayin dukan? Kafa a kan membranes na da Golgi na'ura kuma da endoplasmic reticulum, suna kafa daga farko kumfa. Kuma a karo na farko, da enzymes kunshe ne a cikin su ne m.

By ragewan da acidity na yanayi, da halin da ake ciki ya canza. Enzymes zama aiki da kuma fara zuwa rayayye gudanar da ayyuka. Sunã halakar pathogens da kuma barbashi, kuma ba dole ba Tsarin cewa sun riga cika su manufa. Idan wannan bai faru, da cell kawai ya juya zuwa ga shara ajiya. Wani lokaci Jiki yana bukatar cell kai-narkewa, wanda zai babu makawa kai ta zuwa ga rasuwar. Duk da haka, wannan tsari ne quite dace har ma dole. Alal misali, mutuwa na tadpole wutsiya Kwayoyin a mataki na da canji a cikin wani rana. Kamar wancan abubuwa kafa a lokacin tsari za a iya amfani da sauran Kwayoyin. Saboda haka, ayyuka yi da lysosomes, wajibi ne ga al'ada aiki na mutum Kwayoyin da dukan kwayoyin.

Lysosome, da sifa da aiki da abin da muka gani a cikin labarin ne odnomembrannoy organelle sel prokaryotic kwayoyin. Su taso vesicles dauke da enzymes iya lazimta a kansu hadaddun kwayoyin sunadarai.