France addinin. Communication Al'adu da kuma addini a Faransa

France - a kasa na da 'yancin addini. A mafi m addini a nan - Katolika Kristanci, Islam, Yahudanci. A cewar wani binciken da aka gudanar a 2010, 27% na Faransa sun gaskata cewa akwai Allah, 33% ce cewa sun yarda da wanzuwar wasu irin makamashi ko na m hankali, da kuma 40% ce ba su yi ĩmãni ba da Allah kuma bã a gaban da mutum rai, babu makamashi. A wannan girmamawa, Faransa za a iya dauke daya daga cikin mafi wadanda mutane jihohi. Amma da al'adu da kuma addini a wannan kasa suna a hankali nasaba. Saboda haka wanda addini ne rinjaye a Faransa da kuma me ya sa ne akwai wasu? Wannan za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

tarihi Siffar

A karshe Millennium Faransa ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda kasashen Turai inda manufar da aka dauke a addinin Katolika. Tun lokacin Karla Velikogo kuma kafin tasowar Protestantism a cikin 16th karni, jihar shi da daya daga cikin mafi iko a nahiyar inda Katolika, sai dai ga gargajiya siffofin, ya tafin mayar da hankali a game da Kristanci. A Faransa, kahu sosai cikin Katolika bangaskiya, yayin da a wasu sassa na Turai, ciki har da Ingila, Switzerland, tarihi Netherlands, mafi yawansu Jamus da Scandinavia, mamaye siffofin daban-daban na Protestantism.

Bayan juyin juya halin na 1798 da addini na Faransa da aka kawo a karkashin jihar iko da nufin ya ci gaba da neman sauyi ruhu. Zuhudu al'ummomi sun daina wanzuwa. Amma a 1801, Napoleon yarjejeniya tare da Vatican, ta hanyar abin da matsayi na coci da aka mayar.

Addini a Faransa a cikin karni na 19th

Cikin mafi wannan karni, kasar a tambaya a hukumance dauke da wani Katolika jihar. Amma a 1905 a manyan-sikelin taron ya faru saboda abin da addini a kasar Faransa a farkon karni na 19th, ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje - akwai wani rabuwa da coci da kuma jiha. Tun daga nan, duk da cewa Katolika daina zama da rinjaye addini a kasar, da cocin Katolika, bisa ga kundin tsarin mulki, ya zama kamar ɗaya daga wasu kungiyoyin addini. Sabuwar kafa wadanda mutane jiha baiwa 'yan kasarta da hakkin ya addini zabi. Kuma a yau a wannan kasar samun wani free Katolika da Protestantism, Musulunci, addinin Buddha, Yahudanci da waje asiri.

addini a yau

Babban addini na France - Katolika. Amma a yau, duk da cewa wannan addini a kan ƙasa na cikin wadanda mutane jiha har yanzu yana da mafi magoya bayan fiye da wani, yayin da mafiya yawa daga Faransa dauke da kansu Katolika, haƙĩƙa, sun shige. Wadanda kira kansa kasa da rabin yawan jama'ar yau. A sakamakon wani binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 2011 ya nuna cewa 45% na Faransa mutane la'akari da kansu Kiristoci, wanda mafi yawansu suna Katolika. A lokaci guda, 35% ba la'akari da kansu da duk wani addini, kuma 3% da'awar Musulunci.

Number of coci parishioners, a cewar wani binciken da jama'a ne daya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. A gaskiya, shi ne kawai 5% na yawan jama'ar, da kuma kawai 10% na wadanda suka la'akari da kansu Katolika a yau halarci coci sabis. Amma, duk da wannan, da al'adu na Faransa ne har yanzu sun fi mayar Katolika, cewa nanata wannan a cikin maganganunsu baya shugaban kasa Sarkozy.

Secularism - "ginshiƙin" na jihar?

Secularism yanzu dauke da "ginshiƙin" na jihar kai-da dalilin da Faransa. Idan aka kwatanta da United Kingdom, ko Amurka da darajar addini a cikin rayuwa da jihar a cikin al'umma ne kadan. A Birtaniya da kuma Amurka yan siyasa sau da yawa shirya tarurruka da shugabannin addinai, da hoton tare da su a hukuma receptions, da kuma da yawa muhimmanci na kasa events da kuma ayyukan da aka riga da addini bikin. Amma a Faransa da halin da ake ciki ne daban-daban. Jama'a Figures na cikin wadanda mutane jiha, ko da idan suka kira kansu Kiristoci (wanda ake zama kasa shahara tsakanin membobin gwamnatin a yanzu), kokarin daban-daban domin dalilai ɓõyewa daga prying idanu na rayuwar addini.

Special ƙasa - lardin Alsace

A cikin lardin Alsace da Moselle dangantaka tsakanin jihar da kuma coci wasu fiye da a kan dukan ƙasar Faransa, duk da da'awar da hadin kai na Jamhuriyar. Ga firistoci sami jihar albashi, da kuma koyar da addinai a makarantu da kwalejoji ne dole ne. The University of Strasbourg yana da tauhidin baiwa, da kawai jama'a jami'a a kasar Faransa.

Protestantism

Protestantism, wani addini na Faransa, yana da wani tarihi. A tsakiyar zamanai, kafin lokaci ya bayyana, da yawa mazauna yankin kudu maso yammacin Faransa barranta Katolika da kuma mayar da su cikin irin karkata, Kiristanci, da aka sani da Catharism. The Protestant bangaskiya da aka yarda a wasu sassa na kasar a lokacin da canji. Wannan addini, ko da yake ba shi tsoro, amma ba a hana. A 1598, Korol Genrih IV of, da kansa wani tsohon mabiyin Protestantism, wanda aka tilasta juya zuwa Katolika zama monarch na Faransa suka sanya hannu kan doka da Nantes. A cewar wannan takarda, Calvinists, da aka sani da Huguenots, yanci na addini da kuma lamiri. Yankunan da yawa na Faransa, musamman a kudu maso gabashin, sa'an nan ya juya zuwa ga Protestantism, da kuma garuruwa kamar La Rochelle, su ne babban gagarumin addini a kasar, a hukumance dauke da wani Katolika.

Ki karbar kuma Revival of Protestantism

Amma a 1685 wani doka da aka soke ta Louis XIV, wanda ya jagoranci wani m ƙaura daga Furotesta daga Faransa. Addini a Faransa a cikin 17th karni a wasu disarray. An kiyasta cewa, game da rabin miliyan mabiya wannan rukunan sa'an nan bar kasar, ya zaunar da a Birtaniya, North America, Switzerland da kuma Netherlands Tarihi. Protestantism a matsayin addini a Faransa a cikin 18th karni bayan rasuwar sarkin Louis XIV fara raya sannu a hankali a wasu yankunan. Kuma a karshen Faransa juyin juya halin, ya aka hukumance gane kamar yadda daya daga cikin mutane da yawa data kasance siffofin addini. Yau Protestantism wuraren zama a ko'ina cikin kasar, amma kuma mafi yawansu duk mabiya wannan addini motsi za a iya samu a Alsace da arewacin Franche-Comté a gabashin Faransa da kuma a cikin Cevennes a kudu.

Musulunci

Wani Faransa addini - Musulunci. Babu daidai Figures, amma bisa ga wani m kimanta, daga 6 zuwa 7 mutane miliyan, ko game da 8% na yawan Musulmi. A bisa uku daga cikinsu, dan kadan fiye da miliyan biyu, kuma suka tsayar ibada. Don kwatanta: a kasar rayuwa miliyan 10 aikatawa Katolika. Mafi yawan musulmai a Faransa - Yan gudun hijira daga arewacin Afirka, cewa shi ne, da Zuriyar waɗanda dā suke rayuwa a cikin mulkin mallaka - Tunisia, Algeria da kuma Morocco.

Bisa ga binciken da na sociologist Samira Amghar, a France akwai tsakanin 12 zuwa 15 dubu Salafis, ko m Musulmi, amma kawai wani karamin sashi na hannun jari da ra'ayoyi da ake kira Islamists. Tun daga shekarar 2000, kasar ta fara vigorously gina wani masallaci, kuma a yanzu akwai fiye da 2000. Suna sanya mafi yawa a sosai low-key style. Game da ilimi, akwai 30 Muslim, Yahudawa da kuma 282 8485 Katolika makarantu a kasar Faransa.

Communication Al'adu da addini

Al'adu da addini a kasar Faransa sun ko da yaushe aka hankali lauye. A ma'adanin na wannan kasa da aka karfi da tasiri da Kirista da kuma Katolika al'ada. A na da Faransa ta mafi girma gine-gine ginen ba gidãje da fādodinta, amma babban Cathedrals, da kuma wani lokacin a kananan coci. A mafi artists da kuma sana'a yi aiki a kan halittar murals nadaltarnyh kayan ado, akwai gilashi, sassaka dadi sculptures yi nufi ga ciki da kuma na waje ado na majami'u. A adabi iya sau da yawa sami ambaci Kristanci. Mafi shahara muqala a Faransa, "The Song of Roland" - a tarihi na babban rikici na Kiristoci da kuma Saracens, jagorancin Roland, dan Sarkin sarakuna Karla Velikogo. Mafi yawan na da adabi da aka samu a cikin addini hadisai, misali, rare a tsakiyar zamanai da Celtic Legends. A cikin aikin shahara composers kamar yadda tasirantuwa da addini na Faransa, wanda za a iya gani a cikin ayyukan Faure, Sezara Franka, Widor da Berlioz.

A ƙarshe, za mu iya ce cewa a cikin wannan labarin an dauke kawai manyan addinai. Yana dole ne a tuna da cewa su ne akwai da yawa more. Kowane hanyar bauta ƙwarai rinjayar da al'adu rai na Faransa da kuma iske ta Raya Makon a cikin wannan kasar.