"Kwanta": shirin summary, babban haruffa

Daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan adabi tsoho ne "Lay", shirin da ke ciki na wanda za mu tattauna a wannan talifin.

A mãkirci na jaruntakar Legends

A samfurin na "Lay" ya bayyana a lokacin da Kievan Rus ya rasa iko da nutse cikin jayayya. A fragmentation na jihar da kuma ƙiyayya a cikin manyan (duk - saboda high bagaden) aka supplemented da wani factor - Polovtsian mamayewa na yankinsu. Makiyaya sata da kuma kashe, koro fursunoni inda tilasta yin aiki tukuru domin shekaru.

Kawai kokari na Rasha sarakuna iya pacify steppe. Kuma akwai ba a nasara yaƙin neman zaɓe, wanda koma gida mutane languishing karkiyar. Duk da haka, Novgorod-Seversky Prince yanke shawarar a kan nasu don yin tafiya don samun mai yawa daraja da kuma samar. "Lay", wanda za a yi aiki kadan daga baya, ya gaya na taron shirin, wanda ya ƙare mai mugun. Igor aka kama tare da dansa da kuma manya, tawagar ga mafi part hallaka a yaƙi, da kuma tsira - kuma ya zama bawa.

Ta hanyar kokarin da dukan shugabannin Rasha da yake faruwa babba fansa domin ya cece dan uwan. Duk da haka, Igor kulawa tserewa - ba tare da taimako na Polovtsy Ovlur, wanda Abital ta Rasha. Duk da haka, da kudi da aka tattara ya isa ya koma gida kowane retainer Prince, suka halarci a cikin kasa yaƙin neman zaɓe.

"Kwanta": Shirin

The aiki, da ya sauko daga baya kawai a cikin retelling da kofe, a sosai hadaddun kuma bambancin. Ya kunshi da dama sassa, wanda, kamar mai wuyar warwarewa, samar da wani hoto daya - da rayuwa da kuma matsaloli na Rasha a cikin goma sha biyu karni. Su ne:

• A shigarwa da marubucin ya gaya labarin daga cikin manyan mawaƙa na tsufa - Boyana, a kan ƙasashen Rus 'da mazauna, da sarakuna, da su kamfen. Ga aka ambaci (da retold) mutãne Legends game da jaruntakar ayyukan da shugabanni na arna alloli.
• Igor ta yakin neman zabe. Wannan sashe ya bayyana sosai m yakin, wanda ya fara da kallon masassarar rana. Amma duk da miyagun ãyã, Maris fara, da kuma kamar sa'a sojojin. Sun kasance sũ ne marinjãya da kuma kama babba ganima. Duk da haka, maimakon nan da nan ya dawo gida, Rasha sintiri shirya wani liyafa. Suna kamawa up tare da babban sojojin Polovtsy da damƙar kashe, jan ga wanda yana yiwuwa a samu wani fansa.
• Golden kalma Svyatoslav. Wannan wani ɓangare na labarin cewa bad news zai isa Kiev. Great Prince Svyatoslav baqin ciki, ba mamaki ya hango wahala da kuma ga wani mummunan mafarki. Amma a nan marubucin ya bayyana babbar nasara da sarkin Kiev a cikin 'yan gangamin Polovtsy (wanda bai shiga Novgorod-Severtsev). Ya Rokon ga taimako sanadin tuntuɓe zumunta.
• Roko ga yarima. Shi ne ba a bayyana ko m kira busa daga lebe na Prince Svyatoslav kuma shi ne marubucin ya bayyana kansa tunani. Amma sai a cikin "Word ..." shi sauti mai magana a cikin abin da ya ƙaddamar da ra'ayin daidaituwa. Da marubucin ya ambata dukan manyan shugabanni na Rasha ƙasar, da karfi na sarakuna, da zũriyarsu. Yanã tambaya su su daina infighting da kuma saka da shan kashi na Igor.
• Yaroslavna ta Makoki. Wannan shi ne mafi romantic ɓangare na aikin, inda babban harafin abubuwa a matsayin matar Igor - Yaroslavna. "A Tale of Igor ta Gangamin" fa, tã yi ta sosai cikin soyayya tare da matarsa, da labarai na kaye, da kuma kama shi tsinkayen a matsayin bala'i. Kowace safiya a ƙofofin birni ta kuka, Rokon da iska, da rãnã da kogin Dnepr, suna zarge su da rashin cin nasara. Ta shirya don tashi tsuntsu ya warkar da raunuka a jiki na mijinta.
• Igor Tserewa daga zaman talala. Tun Prince fahimci cewa babban fansa, nada a kan kansa da kuma kansa ta dan, ƙwarai rushe da kudi wuri na Rasha, Igor musulmi in yayi kokarin tserewa. Marubucin alama gudu tare da shi, rike da tashin hankali da zuciya. Prince taimaka ba kawai abokai, amma kuma star. Polovtsy bi shi a kan dugadugansa, amma hijira sarrafa tserewa da kuma samun wa ƙasar haihuwarmu.

Major Rasha almara haruffa

Da ban sha'awa sosai images gabatar a cikin wannan aiki. "Kwanta" yana nufin Prince Igor, mai mulkin Novgorod-Seversky, kuma aminci matar Yaroslavna. Wadannan su ne main haruffa. Prince - a farkon wata girman kai, kuma m mutum wanda yake iya tunanin hali, ba tunanin fitar da ƙarshen. A karshen samfurin ta bayyana a matsayin tuba hikima m, kuma wanda ya gane da kuskure da kuma shirya don fanshe shi. Yana fid da duk mayakan daga zaman talala, m tare da sauran shugabannin, da kuma gode masu saboda taimako. Yaroslavna - m, kuma m, su ji ajiye mijinta, ta neman tare da shi da kuma kira ga taimako dukan sojojin yanayi.

Prince Svyatoslav bayyana a matsayin mai hikima mai mulkin Rasha ƙasar, shi ne m uban sarakuna, da ikoki. Ba don kome ba daga bakinsa sauti mai magana game da jam'iyya da juna taimako. Bojan - wani mutum wanda yake ya cire daga abubuwan da suka faru, amma ta damar iya yin komai ba a sama, shi wahayi da kuma goyon bayan. Ba kome cewa singer ta dogon matattu, memory zaune a cikin zukãtansu na mutane.

Features na samfurin

"Lay", wanda yake shi ne mafi girma shirin cewa yana da wani yawan fasali. Wannan ba kawai a jaruntakar waka, shi ne mai kama da "Iliad" da "Odyssey" na Homer. Wannan shi ne gaskiya almara, halitta a cikin mafi kyau hadisai na tsakiyar zamanai. An bambanta da musamman harshe, jawabai, cike da girman kai ga bayan cin nasarar yaki. Amma tsakanin Lines baƙin ciki ne ji, kamar yadda marubucin gani a matsayin shugabanni na jayayya ruining da zarar mai girma da iko. Ya ke sha'awar ido ga babban matsala na Rasha - da rashin hadin kai a tsakanin shugabanninmu, wanda ba zai iya raba gādo da okin ya shirya a kan gadon sarautar Kiev.

Amma ba kawai m yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ce "Lay." Halaye na kowane sarkin ya sa ya yiwu don mayar da tarihi hoto na shugabanni, to revitalize burinsu da kuma fatan. Da suka yi nobly, duk da cewa gwamnan na Novgorod-Seversky sarauta yi musamman marasa fahimta. Tare da suke kiwon kudi saya da baya da zaman talala na Igor da retainers, farin ciki ya gaishe da liberated yarima. Duk da haka darasi na tarihi da aka manta, kamar yadda rarraba da kuma bai daina ba.

Mythology da m dabaru

The aiki ne cike da Slavic jama'a motifs, poetic phrases, Legends na almara heroes. Ya kamata a lura da cewa "Word ..." da ake amfani da, da kuma zamanin da mythology. Marubucin ya kira sarakuna jikoki Dazhdbog, Bojana - zuriyar Veles, iskõki ake kira 'ya'yan Stribog. Reference kuma Ya sanya irin wannan halittun kamar yadda Karna da Zhel, sojan gona na bakin ciki da kuma bege, da ake kira mai girma bautãwa doki. An ba da share wanda da Troyan - ko yana cikin Roman sarki, ko yana da wani alkawari zuwa ga Greek birane, don ci gaba da kewaye na shekaru goma, ko yana da wani shahararre abũbuwan bautãwa na Slavs. Wannan ya ba da dalilin yi imani da cewa ko da a karshen goma sha biyu karni, a lokacin da aka rubuta cewa, "The Word ...," mutane har yanzu ba su manta da arna alloli, da kuma yi musu sujada a kan wani par tare da Kirista Allah.

Wane ne marubucin?

A mafi girma aiki na "Lay". marubucin san da kyau dangantaka tsakanin sarakuna, rayuwa cikin Rasha. Amma ya kuma ba da cikakken kwatanci na tafiye-tafiye, kuma horar da cewa Igor ya sanya a lokacin yaki. Yana bada dama ga ɗauka cewa ya halarci soja yaƙin neman zaɓe ya druzhina ko kusa da mai mulki. Gaskiya, kawai ambaci sunan wannan mutum ba zai yiwu a yau.

Versions da hasashe

Da almara na ƙasarsa ta ƙasar (Kiev, a cikin matakan da Seversky Donets da Uda) cike yake da "Lay". Marubucin iya yi tafiya mai yawa ga Rasha, don haka ya san yankin da kyau. Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa wani aiki da aka rubuta Kirill Turovsky, Prince Igor kansa, Vladimir Mai girma, ko 'yar Svyatoslav Vselodovicha Boleslav. Akwai version cewa aikin da ya tafi a tarihi, rubuta Peter Boyar Borislavovich daga Kiev, wanda aka ambata a cikin Ipatiev jerin. Amma wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa irin wannan hadadden aikin yana da dama mawallafa, ba daya. Akwai wadanda masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni, "The Word ..." quality karya ne, ba wani real tarihi daftarin aiki, musamman saboda asali bai isa mu lokaci. Amma zama da cewa kamar yadda shi may, da waka mahaliccin aikata babban aiki, wanda ya fita babu wanda sha'aninsu dabam.

maimakon wani epilogue

A samfurin cancanci a karanta ta kowane mutum - a cike, a cikin harshen asali.