Space bincike: binciken sararin samaniya, masana kimiyya, bude

Space ... Daya kalma, da kuma yadda m zane-zane ta fito kafin idanun ka kaga! Dubban taurari warwatse ko'ina cikin duniya, m kuma a lokaci guda rashin iyaka kusa da masoyi Milky Way, masaukai Big da Little Dipper, an lumana located a kan sararin sama mabayyani ... jerin ne m. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin tarihi na nazarin sararin samaniya, da kuma wasu ban sha'awa facts.

Space bincike a zamanin da: da zaran ya duba a cikin taurãri?

A mai nisa baya, mutane ba su iya kallon taurari da kuma comets ta cikin nesa "Hubble" type. The kawai kida to sha'awan da kyakkyawa daga sama da aikata sarari bincike, sun nasu idanu. Hakika, kome amma rana, wata da taurari, mutum "nesa" ba zai iya ganin (tare da banda wani tauraro mai wutsiya a 1812). Saboda haka, mutane na iya kawai tsammani kamar yadda ya yadda za a zahiri duba wadannan rawaya da fari balloons a cikin sama. Amma ko da daga baya, jama'ar na duniya suka sãɓã wa jũna kula haka da sauri lura da cewa biyu da'irori matsawa fadin sama, sa'an nan bace bayan sararin sama, da sabuwar halitta ba. Kuma suka sãmi abin da ba duk taurari da wannan hali: wasu daga cikinsu ne mai ƙayyadadden ajali kuma da wasu canje-canje da wuri a kan hadaddun yanayin. Saboda haka suka fara da babban bincike na m sarari da abin da yake a ɓõye, a cikin shi.

Nasara cikin wannan filin sanya ta zamanin da Helenawa. Sũ ne waɗanda suka fara gano cewa duniyar ta mu shi ne mai siffar zobe. Su ra'ayinta game da Duniya ta matsayin dangi zuwa da rana ya kasu: Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa duniya revolves a kusa da wani sarari suKe jiki, da kuma sauran imani da cewa m (akwai magoya bayan na geocentric tsarin na duniya). By yarjejeniya da tsoho Helenawa bai zo ba. Duk da aikin da kuma sarari bincike da aka kama a kan takarda da ake yi wa ado a wani rubutunmu mai taken "Almagest". Marubucin da kuma tarawa na mai girma tsoho masanin Talomi.

A Renaissance da kuma halakar da haihuwa Concepts na sarari

Nikolay Kopernik - wanda bai ji wannan sunan? Shi ne ya yi a cikin karni na 15th halakar da erroneous ka'idar da geocentric tsarin na duniya da kuma sa a gaba nasu, heliocentric, wanda da'awar cewa da Earth revolves a kusa da Sun, kuma ba sabanin haka ba. Na da Inquisition da coci, da rashin alheri, bai doze. su son magana nan da nan ya sanar karkata, da kuma mabiya Copernican ka'idar tsananta. Daya daga ta magoya bayan, Giordano Bruno aka ƙone a kan gungumen azaba. Sunansa zauna ta ƙarni, kuma har yanzu muna tunatar da mai girma masanin kimiyya tare da girmamawa da godiya.

The girma sha'awa cikin sarari

Bin wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, hankalin masana kimiyya a ilmin taurari ya kawai ya tsananta. Space bincike zama ƙara m. Kawai fara da 17th karni, akwai wata babbar sabon samu ta Kepler masu bincike gano cewa, sararin samaniya a kan abin da taurari akwai doguwar a kusa da rana, ba da'ira ba, kamar yadda a baya tunani, da kuma elliptical. Ta hanyar wannan taron a kimiyya ya canja da cika fuska. A musamman, Isaak Nyuton gano makanikai da ya iya bayyana dokokin da wanda gawarwakin motsa.

A samu na sabon taurari

Don kwanan wata, mun san cewa duk da taurari a cikin hasken rana tsarin zuwa takwas. Har shekara ta 2006, adadin su ya daidaita zuwa tara, amma bayan latest, kuma daga zafi da haske duniya - Pluto - cire daga yawan gawarwakin orbiting mu samaniya jiki. Wannan ya faru saboda ta kananan size - fannin Rasha kadai ne riga fiye da dukan Pluto. Ya aka ba da matsayi na Dwarf duniya.

Har da 17th karni, mutane sun gaskata cewa duk taurari a cikin hasken rana tsarin biyar. Nesa ba tukuna zama, don haka sai a yi hukunci kawai a kan waɗanda suke wani sarari suKe jikin da zai iya gani da idanuwan. Beyond Saturn tare da zobba na kankara, masana kimiyya sun ba su iya gani. Kila, kuma har yanzu muna zai yi kuskure idan ta kasance ba Galileo Galiley. Shi ya ƙirƙira da kawo nesa kusa, kuma ya taimaka wa masana harkokin kimiyya don yin nazari na wasu taurari da kuma ganin da sauran wani sarari suKe jikin na Solar System. Godiya ga kawo nesa kusa zama sane da wanzuwar duwatsu da craters a kan Moon, da watanni da Jupiter, Rubin, kuma Mars. Har ila yau a cikin wannan Galileo sunspots aka gano. Kimiyya da aka ba kawai ci gaba, ta tashi gaba da leaps da haddi. Kuma da farkon karni na ashirin da, masana kimiyya riga ya san isa ya gina na farko sararin kuma tafi cinye taurari al'arshi.

Yadda yana da kimiyya na halittu a cikin Soviet zamanin

Soviet masana kimiyya sun ciyar babba sarari bincike da kuma sun samu babban rabo mai girma a cikin nazarin ilmin taurari da kuma ci gaban Shipbuilding. Duk da haka, tun farkon karni na 20th ya kasance fiye da shekaru 50 kafin na farko sarari da tauraron dan adam zuwa nasara da vastness talikai. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1957. The na'urar da aka kaddamar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet daga Baikonur Cosmodrome. A farko da tauraron dan adam ba ke bi da high sakamakon - burin su ya riski watã. A farko na'urar ga nazarin sararin samaniya zuwa kasa kan Lunar surface a shekarar 1959. Kuma a cikin karni na 20th shi aka bude Space Research Institute, wanda ɓullo da tsanani kimiyya aiki da kuma yin binciken.

Ba da da ewa bayan harba tauraron dan adam ya zama sananne, kuma duk da haka daya kawai manufa ga wani taurãro saukowa ƙare nasara. Wannan ne "Apollo" aikin, a lokacin da sau da dama, bisa ga hukuma version, da Amirkawa saukowa a kan watã da aka yi.

International "sarari tseren"

1961 ya zama abin tunawa a tarihin astronautics. Amma ko da a baya, a shekarar 1960, a cikin sarari guda biyu karnuka ziyarci, miyãgun sunãye na laƙabõbĩ wanda dukan duniya ya sani: Belka da Strelka. Da suka dawo daga sarari abinsa lafiya, shahara da zama real heroes.

Kuma a kan Afrilu 12 gaba shekara zuwa Surf da duniya tafi Yuri Gagarin - na farko da mutum wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin bar Duniya a kan da "Vostok-1".

The United States ba ya so ya ba da hanya ga gasar da Tarayyar Soviet a cikin sarari tseren, don haka muna so ya aika da mutum a cikin sarari kafin Gagarin. The United States rasa a cikin tauraron dan adam jefa: Rasha ba a fara da na'ura na hudu watanni kafin America. A cikin injin na binciken sararin samaniya sun ziyarci wannan sarari kamar yadda Valentina Tereshkova, kuma Alexei Leonov. Last yi a duniya na farko spacewalk, kuma mafi babbar nasara Amurka a cikin ci gaban da duniya da aka sani kawai, cire, xan sama jannatin a orbital jirgin.

Amma, duk da gagarumin nasarori da Tarayyar Soviet a cikin "sarari tseren", America da aka ma ba kuskure. Kuma Yuli 16, 1969 da kumbon sama jannati "Apollo-11", wanda yana dauke da nasara daga sararin samaniya ya kunshi biyar masana, aka kaddamar da Moon ta surface. Bayan kwana biyar, mutum na farko da ya kafa kafar a kan surface Duniya ta tauraron dan adam. Sunansa Neil Armstrong.

Nasara ko sha kashi?

Wanda har yanzu lashe tseren da watã? Wannan tambaya ne ba daidai amsar. Kuma Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma Amurka ya nuna ta fi gefen: suna sabunta hanyoyin da inganta fasaha nasarori a matsanancin Shipbuilding, sanya da yawa sabon binciken da m samfurori da Lunar surface da aka aika zuwa Cibiyar Binciken Sararin Samaniya. Godiya a gare su, da shi aka samu cewa Duniya ta tauraron dan adam da aka yi sama da yashi da duwatsu, kazalika da cewa a watã babu iska. Neil Armstrong burbushi bar fiye da shekara arba'in da suka wuce a kan Lunar surface, kuma yanzu dake akwai. Suna kawai da kome ya shafe: mu abokinku hana iska, babu iska ko ruwa. Kuma idan kun tafi zuwa ga watã, kuma yana yiwuwa ya bar ya alama a kan tarihin - biyu a zahiri da kuma a alamance.

ƙarshe

A tarihin 'yan adam ne mai arziki da kuma m, shi ya hada da dama daga cikin manyan binciken, yaƙe-yaƙe, da gagarumin nasarar da yankunan da asarar. A ci gaba da wani Extraterrestrial sarari da kuma na zamani sarari bincike riƙe da dama ne ba na karshe wuri a cikin shafukan tarihi. Amma babu wani daga wannan dã ba su kasance idan ba don wadannan jarumi da kuma kwazo da mutane kamar Herman Titov, Nikolay Kopernik, Yuri Gagarin, Sergei Korolev, Galileo Galilei, Giordano Bruno, da kuma da yawa, mutane da yawa wasu. Duk wadannan manyan mutanen sãɓã wa jũna fice hankali, ɓullo damar iya yin komai don nazarin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma lissafi, mai karfi da hali da kuma wani baƙin ƙarfe ba. Muna da wani abu to koyi daga gare su, za mu iya koya daga waɗannan masana kimiyya invaluable kwarewa da kuma m halaye da kuma halaye. Idan bil'adama za su yi kokarin zama kamar su, da yawa daga karatu, da horo, ci a makaranta da kuma jami'o'i, za mu iya amincewa ce da cewa muna da can shi ne har yanzu mai yawa mai girma binciken da kuma zurfin sarari zã a bincika. Kuma, a cikin kalmomi na daya shahara song a kan m hanyoyi na m taurari kasance mu waƙoƙi.