Kurt Tank da kuma jirgin sama

Kurt Tank - Jamus jirgin sama zanen da gwajin pilot, wanda ya spearheaded da jirgin sama. Ya ɓullo da wani yawan sanannun a ko'ina cikin duniya da jirgin sama, kamar "Condor" da "Mãrũta".

Kurt Tank: biography

Haife Kurt Waldemar Tank Fabrairu 24, 1898 a Gabas Prussia (birnin Bromberg-Shvedenhoe). Lokacin da farko Duniya, da yardar tafi yaki. Ba da da ewa shi ya kasance wani leftana kuma umarci wani kamfanin, suka yi yaƙi a yammacin Front, inda aka yi masa rauni. Tank gama da yaki a matsayin kyaftin, kuma yana da dama awards ga ƙarfin zuciya.

Daga 1918 zuwa 1922 ya yi karatu a Higher fasaha School of Berlin, daga wanda ya sauke karatu nasarar samo sana'a lantarki injiniya. Duk da haka, kamar yadda wani dalibi ya kasance musamman m game da halittar gliders, don haka kullum halarci laccoci da Farfesa Everling sadaukar da aerodynamics. Bugu da kari, Kurt Tank a kan kansa himma da kuma halartar azuzuwan a jirgin sama. Suka kai a lokacin, Farfesa Reisner.

A farko glider tank ya m. Ba da da ewa ya tsara wani sabon tsarin da ya kira shi da wani "kadan shaidan ne." Ya kasance haka m game da aikinsa, bace ga kwana a cikin nazarinsa da cewa ya gane ma marigayi: bai da lokacin shirya dukkan zane don kare su sabawa rubuce-rubucensu. Sai saurayin yanke shawarar daukar wani mataki matsananciyar: ya kayansa mãsu fita a kan tebur a gaban furofesoshi Hoff Percival da aiki zane "kadan shaidan" da kuma, zuwa ga mamaki, samun mai kyau maki.

farko kwarewa

Bayan samun digiri, Kurt Tank aiki a daya daga cikin karami jirgin sama kamfanoni. A 1924 ya samu wani aikin injiniya mataki da kuma nan da nan ke da ma'aikata Rohrbach Rohrbach Metallflugzeugbau, located in Berlin. Kafin shiga kamfanin, ya yarda aka brevet. Duk da haka, bã ya da wani gwaninta kamar yadda jirgin makaranta ya kasance kawai wani na farko horo shirin, tashi sau da yawa a cikin sauki biplane.

Rohrbach a shuka, sai ya rika rarraba a ci gaba ba wai kawai na tashi jirgin, amma kuma daya daga cikin na farko fasinja jirgin sama "Karin". Amma da farko, shi ne kawai msar tambayar nazarin a kan manageability kuma AMINCI jirgin sama. Da zaran fall fitar da wani yiwuwar, zai zauna a cikin mota da kuma honed da ikon aiki a seaplane.

A lokacin gwajin jirgin ruwan Ro-III ya bayyana cewa, a lokacin da dasa shi ma hits da ruwa, kuma wannan halitta ƙarin damuwa matuka. Tank miƙa wa ba da jirgin ruwan keel musamman damping, kuma da ra'ayin da aka karɓa. Zai yiwu wannan na farko m aikin, wanda ya nuna cewa Kurt Tank a matsayin jirgin sama zai iya faru.

fitarwa

Daga lokacin da ya fara aiki a inganta da seaplane, babban kamfani ne batun ƙarfinsa. Tafo zuwa ga Ro-III, shi ne in mun gwada da sauri tsiwirwirinsu fitarwa a matsayin gwajin matukin jirgi. Zama fiye da gogaggen, ya a 1936 samu mataki na Doctor of Technical Sciences da Office Flugkapitan, kuma lashe dama awards. Duk da haka, Kurt Tank, da shekaru na wanda rayuwarsa aka dukansa ba to jirgin sama, da gaske mai daraja ne kawai da cewa ya gwada matukin jirgi.

Dole ne in ce cewa, jirgin Ro-III da aka sani da isasshen, saboda shi aka kafa da yawa records. Sam jirgin sama ya tashi shi da jaruntaka da yawa. Bugu da kari, ya gudanar da nazarin alaka da kafuwa tsawo da kuma wani pusher propeller injuna wuri. Shahararren yayin Erns matukin Udet Tank a kan jirgin zuwa kafa wani rikodin - ƙetare daga gabas zuwa yamma dukan Atlantic Ocean. Duk da haka, shi bai faru: for fasaha dalilai da a saka cikin mota dama a bude teku.

hadin kai

Domin wani lokaci sai ya yi aiki tare da wani sanannen Jamus jirgin sama zanen Willy Messerschmitt. Kamar yadda wani gwajin pilot, Tank ba zai iya yarda da ra'ayoyi, da nufin gudanar da matsakaicin inji domin ya kara da gudun. Kamar yadda aka sani, Messerschmitt ji cewa karfin da jirgin sama ne ba da muhimmanci a matsayin kwarewa da matukin jirgi.

Duk da haka, Kurt Tank ba raba da ra'ayoyi da abokan aiki, kuma ya yi imanin cewa, tare da kara kudaden da gudun ƙarfi ne, kuma aminci daga cikin jirgin sama kamata kawai kara. Saboda haka, talatin Messerschmitt jirgin sama ya fita daga factory, da dangantakar da ke tsakaninsu talented injiniyoyi a nan gaba zauna dumi da kuma sada zumunci.

Jobs "Focke-Wulf"

A tank 1927 shiga wani kamfanin Albatros Flugzeugwerke. Shekaru hudu daga baya, shi ne tunawa da wani kamfanin Focke-Wulf, located in Bremen. A nan, daga Nuwamba 1931, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban zanen a lokaci guda ya umurcemu da sashen na jirgin gwaje-gwaje.

Kurt tank da kuma jiragen sama FW-58 Weihe, FW-Stosser 56 da FW-200 Condor ( «Condor") cancanci a gaske amincewar kasashen duniya. A farko daga gare su, a shirye ta karshen shekara ta 1933, da kuma jirgin sama ya zama daraktan wata babbar kamfanin.

Development of sabon jirgin sama

A 1936, ya fara aiki a wani sabon inji FW-200 "Condor". Na farko, da jirgin sama da aka positioned a matsayin iska transatlantic shafi, don haka na farko jirgin a lokacin rani na 1937, ya za'ayi a cewa iya aiki. Duk da haka, a lokacin yaki, Kurt Tank yanke shawarar yin amfani da shi a matsayin wani dogon zangon-bincike don bincika maƙiyi convoys a Arewa Atlantic ruwaye. Bayan nasu ganewa jirgin farmaki da kai ko ta aika musu dukan armada na Jamus submarines.

A cewar wasu suka shiga Luftwaffe makamai data, duk da Satumba 1939 aka bayar 259 FW-200 "Condor". Wasu daga cikin wadannan motoci da aka ma yi amfani da matsayin kai da jirgin sama domin tasowa saman shugabanni. Duk da haka, mafi yawan su, da kuma bakwai zabin kasance har yanzu wani wake ko dogon zangon-bincike. Daban-daban gyare-gyare "Condor" bambanta da juna zane mai linzami kwantena ko kambun bama-gaban radar ko abin da ya ƙunsa, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - da makamai.

Ci gaban da jirgin sama FW-190

A talanti ɗaya na wannan mutumin bayyana kanta a lokacin da zane na wani sabon jirgin saman soja FW-187, a karon farko dauka kashe iska a 1937. Kuma gaba shekara da aka shirya da kuma dabara bincike jirgin sama FW-189. Aiki a kan sabon inji FW-190 ya fara da cewa tabbatacciya "Focke-Wulf" kafa game da samar da wani sabon jirgin saman soja a kan umarnin da Jamusanci Reyhsministerstva jirgin sama. A kaka 1937 zane tawagar, karkashin jagorancin tankuna, fara shirya nan da nan biyu ayyukan bambanta kawai ikon shuka.

A farko jirgin sama sanye take da wani 12-Silinda Daimler-Benz DB 601, sanya a cikin nau'i na wani inverted V, tare da ruwa sanyaya. A karo na biyu inji shigar radial engine iska sanyaya BMW-139. A lokacin da wannan jirgin sama ya iya shawo kan abokin ciniki cewa sukan yi amfani da Jamusanci jirgin sama a-line engine, wannan lokaci za su kasance m.

Lokacin da tafiyarsu na farko samfur nuna gudun 595 km / h. Ta gwajin matukin Kurt Tank sanya da dama gwajin flights. Duk da haka, gwaji na wadannan high-gudun jirgin sama, kowane lokaci zama ƙara wuya, don haka da jirgin sama zanen ya ba up duk gaba manufa. FW-190B-9 yana da top gudun 730 km / h, kamar yadda aka sanye take da vodometanolovym totur, wanda ba shi damar zama ya fi sauri jirgin saman soja riskuwa da duk na masõya jiragen sama.

Ayyukan a lokacin yaki

A kaka 1942 an ruwaito cewa sojojin Amurka ya yi niyyar tara a Italiya da Birtaniya, manyan lambobi na jirgin sama, ya kunshi babban adadin harin, wanda ya kasance a yaki da Nazi Jamus. A da tambaya na bukatar samar da high-tsawo jirgin saman soja. Messerschmitt kuma Tank miƙa zuwa yin tunãni a kan wannan ra'ayin. A wani Littãfi short sharuddan da karshen wannan shekara, wani sabon jirgin saman soja Ta 152.

Domin wannan aiki, da kuma ga dukan baya isa yabo Tank zama wani farfesa na fasaha University of Braunschweig. Bugu da kari, musamman domin an sanya hannu da Germanom Geringom cewa duk iri sabuwar jirgin sama raya karkashin sirri shiriya wannan talented jirgin sama, za a yanzu za a koma zuwa ga "TA" - na farko da biyu haruffa daga cikin surname.

Ko a lokacin da duk abin da ya riga ya bayyana a fili cewa ta Uku Reich suka rasa yaki, tank aiki tirelessly. Ya zama na farko da developer na Disc-dimbin yawa saukar ungulu, wanda ya ba da lokaci zuwa jarraba. Wannan mota da aka kamata su tashi kamar wata al'ada jirgin sama, kuma a lokaci guda tafi a wani shugabanci da kuma, idan ya cancanta, to Tsayar a cikin iska.

bayan da yaki,

Shi ya kasance wani al'amari na kwanaki kafin rushewar Uku Reich. Tank na cike da sanin cewa Jamus jirgin sama masana'antu ba wanzu. Ba da da ewa Berlin aka kama da Allied sojoji da kuma kasu kashi sassa. War laifi fara kama dukan na Jamus, sa'an nan kuma aka hukunta. Daga cikin su suna da irin shahararren Figures a matsayin Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering, shugaban na Nazi Party, Rudolf Hess, shugaban na most kungiyar "Friedrich Krupp" Gustav Krupp, Reich yaki masana'antu , Albert Speer da SS Panzer Janar Meyer. Kurt Tank aka kuma ba da hannu a cikin wani daga cikin laifukan, don haka ya ba da aka kama.

Duk da cewa tsohon Jamus bai wanzu, rai ya tafi a kan kuma muna da wani wuri zuwa nemi aikin, ba kawai ga kansa da kuma ga da ma'aikata. Mafi kusa ma'aikata a wancan lokacin su ne masu cin nasara. Da cewa duk da masana'antu "Focke-Wulf", gudu daga Amurka da kuma Birtaniya harin bom na Bremen ya dade koma gabas, a Posen, Marienburg da Cottbus. Saboda haka sun kasance a cikin ƙasa sarrafawa da Soviet sojojin.

A manyan yawan ma'aikata da iyalansu da aka bar ba tare da wani aiki ko wani arziki. Amma akwai jita-jita, da cewa Rasha so su haifar da wasu irin hukumar da Jamusawa masana kimiyya, designers, da masana'antun da za a gina sabon jirgin sama model, bisa laákari da musamman kwarewa. Tank, kuma haka ya zo cikin tattaunawar da Soviet wakilan, wanda, duk da haka, zo don kome gubar. Ya yi kokarin tsayar da lambobi da Birtaniya har ma da kasar Sin shugabanni Tea Canche. Duk da haka, shi tsĩrar da shi da wani gayyatar daga Argentina. Kamar yadda ka sani, wannan kasa ne a lokaci daya ta yi aiki tare da Nazis da bada su su submarine sansanonin.

Jobs in Argentina

Kurt Tank da iyalinsa koma zuwa wani sabon wurin zama. Nan shi ne ya tsunduma a ya fi so aikin da zayyana sabon jirgin saman soja ga Argentine Air Force jet engine. Dalili domin ci gaba da m Hans Multhoppa aka dauka. Yana da aka wani jirgin saman soja aikin Ta-183, wanda aka gabatar a yawan canje-canje. A farko gwaje-gwaje na sabon jirgin sama FMA Pulqui II shige a karshen watan Yuni 1950. Yana da aka piloted da Captain E. Weiss. Comments game da mota sun quite m.

Kawai shida daga wadannan jiragen sama da aka gina, sa'an nan, shekaru hudu daga baya, da aikin da aka rufe. A shekarar 1955, shugaban kasar Peron, wanda gayyace Tank aiki, hana ikon a sakamakon wani juyin mulki. Aircraft ma'aikata a Cordoba kusa. Kurt Tank da jirage suna ba da ake bukata. Jamus injiniya da kuma jirgin sama zanen da wani zabi, amma ya bar Argentina. Tank zo zuwa Jamus da kuma kokarin ci gaba da aiki, amma a banza.

Ci gaban da jirgin sama na Air Force India

A shekara ta 1955, da jirgin sama sake tilasta su bar mahaifarsa. Ya koma India. A daya daga cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama, located in Bangalore, ya kuma wani taro na masana tsunduma a cikin aikin gina wani Multi-manufa jirgin saman soja, wanda aka mai suna HF-24 Mãrũta. Duk da haka, da farko Take-kashe daga cikin jirgin sama ya m - ya fadi. Duk da wannan, aikin ya tafi a kan.

A watan Nuwamba, 1967, akwai riga lokutta wannan masana'antu na'ura. Mãrũta jirgin saman soja ya zama na farko jiragen yakin tsara da kuma gina a India. Shekaru hudu daga baya, ya dauki bangare a cikin yãƙi a kan iyakar kasar da Pakistan.

samu

A shekarar 1970, jirgin zo gida. Domin shekaru da dama ya kasance mai ba da shawara na Berlin kamfanin "Messerschmitt-Bel'kov-Blom."

Kurt Tank (photo za a iya gani a cikin labarin) ya rasu a Munich a farkon Yuni 1983. , Dukan rayuwarsa ta a tunani na zamanin da cewa sun tsira dubban Jamus masana. Kamar yadda al'adar so shi saboda haka ya faru da cewa su aka tilasta yin aiki domin amfanin nasu, ko da idan Nazi, gwamnatin nufin mamaya duniya. Amma, duk da haka, sai ya har yanzu gudanar don yin wani invaluable taimako ga tarihin jirgin sama.