Kumburi. Stage na kumburi da cututtuka

Man - a zama wajen m. Amma da yanayin kula da rayuwa da jinsunan, gabatar da mutane sosai m kyauta - rigakafi. Yana da aka yi masa godiya da cewa jikin mu wanzu, ta faro ne, kuma ya hana m dauke da kwayar cutar jamiái.

Kumburi - cũta ko don kare jiki?

The Latin kalma inflammo fassara nufin "don ya ƙona", da kuma sauran fassararsa - shi ne wani kumburi. Mataki kumburi, ta daban da kuma siffofi za a iya bayyana daki-daki a cikin wannan abu. Don fara gane jigon da tsari da kuma gano da darajar da jikin mutum. Irin canje-canje a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani yanayi (rashin lafiya, rauni, parasites, rashin lafiyan halayen) ba mai haɗari - shi ne wani rigakafi dauki zuwa da mamayewa na kamuwa da cuta, lalata cell Tsarin ko allergens. Wannan tsari ne directed zuwa sarrafawa na lalace rabo, ta kadaici daga lafiya nama. Irin ayyuka da kwayoyin saboda bukatar kam pathogenic factor a kumburi, sharar kayayyakin da ta bazuwar da kuma mamayewa na waraka shafin. A sakamakon haka ne m wajen samar da kariyar.

Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa kumburi ba dangantawa ga kamuwa da cuta. Wannan shi ne wani hali rigakafi mayar da martani ga pathogenic wani shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin jiki, yayin da kamuwa da cuta - wannan shi ne wani m wakili, sa irin wannan dauki.

tarihi bayanai

Kumburi, kumburi mataki, da rarrabe siffofin da aka riga aka sani a farkon mu zamanin. A musamman, wadannan al'amurra sun sha'awar tsoho masana kimiyya - Klavdiy Galen da kuma Roman marubuci Korneliy Tsels. Shi ne karshen ware fitar hudu babban aka gyara daga wani kumburi:

• erythema (redness bayyanar).
• ƙaruwa.
• hyperthermia.
• zafi.

Akwai wani biyar alama - wani take hakkin ya shafa yankin ko gaba ayyuka (na karshe ma'ana an kara yawa daga baya Galen).

Daga bisani, masana kimiyya da dama aiki a kan wannan batun. Ya yi karatu da shi, da kuma duniya-shahararren masanin halitta Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Ya dauke warkar da kumburi martani, a gaskiya kyauta na halitta, amma har yanzu a na bukatar karin juyin ci gaba, tun ba duk da irin wannan tafiyar matakai kai ga dawo da na jiki. Ba a ma maganar cewa mai tsanani kumburi a mutuwa lokuta.

terminology

Idan aiki jiki ne a ci gaba (mataki na kumburi a wannan harka, ba su ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi), sa'an nan zuwa da cutar sunan, yawanci a Latin, a tabbatar an ƙara halayyar ƙarewa "-it". Alal misali, kumburi da maƙogwaro, koda, zuciya, peritoneum, pancreatic kira, bi da bi, laryngitis, nephritis, myocarditis, peritonitis, pancreatitis. Idan wani na kowa kumburi na jiki shiga cutar dake kusa da shi connective ko adipose nama, da aka kara wa sunan prefix "para": paranephritis, parametritis (kumburi cikin mahaifa) , da dai sauransu Amma a cikin wannan al'amari, kamar yadda tare da wani mulki, akwai .. ware, irin takamaiman ma'anar kamar yadda angina ko ciwon huhu.

Me kumburi a can?

Saboda haka, abin da su ne babban Sanadin kumburi? Sun rarrabe iri uku:

1. Jiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa kumburi tsari a cikin jiki farawa a sakamakon wani iri-iri na inji raunuka, konewa, ciki har da radial, frostbite, gaban kasashen waje jikinsu, sakamakon lantarki a halin yanzu.
2. Halittu. A wannan yanayin, shi yana nufin da pathological aiwatar lalacewa ta hanyar da ake dasu, parasitic da kwayar jamiái. Wannan category na sifofi kuma sun hada da pathogens na wasu cututtuka kamar tubercle bacillus (tarin fuka), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Mycobacterium leprae (kuturta) da sauransu.
3. Chemical. Wannan rukuni na abubuwan dogara ne a kan mataki na daban-daban sinadaran abubuwa shugabanci (medicaments, poisons, salts, alkalis, acid, da gubobi kafa a cikin jiki).

Har ila yau, yana sa kumburi zai iya zama mai tsanani m rauni, m danniya da kuma barasa zagi.

Irin wannan matakai ko faruwa sa samun abinci ko chronically shan siffar. Lokacin da mai kara kuzari dauki faruwa nan da nan, watau, farin jini Kwayoyin da jini ake saita a tashin da nuna hali a wuraren da ake batu ne sosai aiki, shi characterizes m tsari. Idan, duk da haka, a salon salula matakin, canje-canje faruwa a hankali, shi ne ake kira na kullum kumburi. Don ƙarin bayani game da iri da kuma siffofin da za a tattauna daga baya.

symptomatology

Duk matakai na kumburi halin da irin wannan babban bayyanar cututtuka. Sun kasu kashi na gida da kuma general. Na farko rukuni na ãyõyi hada da:

• Hyperemia (redness) na shafa yankin. Wannan alama ya auku saboda m jini ya kwarara.
• Hyperthermia - gida zazzabi karuwa, tun kara metabolism.
• Kumburi, idan akwai infiltration na nama exudate.
• Acidosis - karuwa a acidity. Wannan alama sau da yawa yakan faru saboda zazzabi.
• Giperalgiya (m zafi). Ya zo a cikin mayar da martani ga tasiri a kan rabe da jijiya endings.
• Asara ko matsalar aiki na samfur na shafa yankin. Yana auku a sakamakon duka na sama bayyanar cututtuka.

Af, wani kumburi ciki gabobin da aka ba ko da yaushe bayyana ta m majiyai, amma idan aiwatar faruwa a farfajiya, su ne ba a kusan duk na sama bayyanar cututtuka.

Common bayyanar cututtuka za a iya gano ta ne ta dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje, musamman, cikakken jini count. Alal misali, hankula canje-canje a cikin jini leukocyte dabara sassa, kazalika da wani gagarumin karuwa a ESR. Saboda haka, da ciwon a hankali nazari da hadaddun na cututtuka, za a iya bincikar lafiya kumburi. Kumburi mataki - na gaba tambaya ban sha'awa ga mutane nazarin batun.

A mataki da kuma irin na kumburi tsari

Kamar kowane tsari, shi ne ma ana ci gaba, a cikin hãlãye. Mataki na 3 ware kumburi. Sun iya ci gaba zuwa sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, amma ko da yaushe ba. Idan muka bayyana su a cikin sauki kalmomi, shi ne lalacewar fitarwa na ruwa da kuma nama overgrowth. A mataki na farko na kumburi - canji. Wannan ne bi da exudation, da kuma bayan shi - yaduwa.

Yanzu koda halin kaka kadan more su tattauna da iri kumburi cewa an kai tsaye alaka da saukarwa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a lokacin da aka aiwatar da bunkasa cikin sauri, shi ne ake kira m. Kullum, domin ka cancanci da shi a matsayin irin wannan, a cikin Bugu da kari ga lokaci factor dole fi mataki na m kumburi kamar exudation da yaduwa.

Akwai wani rabo: banal (al'ada) na rigakafi da kuma kumburi martani. A karo na biyu idan ne kai tsaye dauki na rigakafi da tsarin. Nazarin mataki, da kuma irin wannan kumburi sunadaran, zamu iya cewa da tabbaci ba da gradation dogara a kan m, ko shi nan da nan. Wannan bayani za a iya bayyana quite kawai: na farko na dukkan shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa yayin da wannan ginshiki ne kumburi da jummai "antigen - antibody". Idan mayar da martani ga wani takamaiman baki a cikin kwayoyin tasowa nan da nan, sa'an nan farko kunna ta wannan ginshiki, da kuma daga baya matakai saboda phagocytosis, hadawa ce jummai da leukocytes da kuma lalacewar jijiyoyin bugun gini ganuwar hadaddun data hanzari girma nama busa da mahara haemorrhages. Wani misali na irin wannan m yanayin iya zama anaphylactic buga, angioedema (ko angioedema), da kuma sauran matakai bukata da amfani da farfado da matakan.

Lokacin da jinkirin amsa ga wani antigen tsari ne don haka m (msl, Mantoux gwajin). A wannan yanayin, Kwayoyin suna da farko, kuma ya halaka waje wakili tare da kyallen takarda. Bugu da ari, akwai wani jinkirin Yunƙurin granulomas. Wannan tsari ne halin da m doguwar.

Saboda haka, da wadannan iri kumburi tafiyar matakai:

• Sharp. Its duration ne sa'o'i da dama. Akwai lokuta da cewa yana daukan game da wani mako.
• Subacute. Yawancin lokaci shi ƙare bayan 'yan makonni.
• Kullum. Yana iya wuce shekaru ko rayuwa, sunã gudãna a cikin tãguwar ruwa daga m zuwa gafarar.

Damage: mataki na farko

Saboda haka, je kai tsaye bayanin mataki canje-canje a cikin jiki. Duk wani kumburi zai fara da cewa hanya. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, daya mataki na kumburi da aka kira canji (daga alteratio kalmomi - "lalacewar"). Wannan katsewa na tsokoki da kuma, bi da bi, tashin hankali na cell mutunci da jini manyan zuwa necrotic canje-canje da kuma saki na kumburi shiga tsakani. Wadannan aiki abubuwa suna canza jijiyoyin bugun gini sautin, haddasa kaifi zafi da kumburi.

exudation

Jijiyoyin bugun gini cuta a cikin inflamed yanki hanyar exudation (exudatio). Wannan shi ne mataki na 2 kumburi. A tsari ya kunshi a cikin kanti jini a cikin nama m. Shi ne ake kira exudate, wanda ya ba da lokaci ga koma zuwa wannan tsari da hanyar. Lokacin da wannan mataki shi sa kumburi shiga tsakani da kuma kunnawa da jijiyoyin bugun gini rushewa. Saboda spasm, wanda ya auku a cikin arterioles, da lalace rabo ne ƙwarai inganta jini ya kwarara, abu don cunkoso. Bugu da ari qara metabolism, kuma hyperemia na wani jijiya venous shiga. Jijiyoyin bugun gini matsa lamba girma cikin sauri, da kuma cikin ruwa rabo daga jini zuwa daga ƙasarsu. Exudate iya zama daban-daban cika zai dogara ne a kan siffar kumburi sa su.

m tsari

The uku mataki ne da ake kira kumburi proliferative. Wannan kumburi mataki Shi ne karshe. Regenerative matakai a kyallen takarda, da damar ko mayar lalace yankunan kumburi ko a wannan wuri kafa wani tabo. Amma a cikin kafa da kuma barga kewaye nuances da 3 matakai na kumburi Yana za a iya sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na tsanani. Saboda haka rarrabe tsakanin more kuma daban-daban siffofin wadannan matakai.

asali siffofin

Nau'in, siffofin da kuma matakai na kumburi - wannan shi ne wani abu da ka bukatar ka kula da fari. Kamar yadda muka gani, da tsari ne m da duration na wani lokaci, kamar irin. Amma wannan ba duk da halaye da cewa za a iya amfani da su tantance kumburi. kumburi mataki - shi ne tushen da ya cancantar da kima. Amma da ta faru da cewa gyara na aiwatar da aka bayyana a cikin sãɓãwar launukansa digiri. Dangane da tushe na kumburi amsa, akwai uku siffofin musamman canje-canje:

1. Alterative. Wannan nau'i ne halin da predominance na necrotic matakai a cikin inflamed sashin jiki. Duk da yake sauran siffofin suna bayyana yawa weaker. Yawanci wannan nau'i na kumburi lura a parenchymal gabobin: zuciya, kodoji, hanta. A wannan yanayin, nau'i nau'i halayyar da kuma rugujewar tsoka zaruruwa da yadudduka. Wannan lokaci ne da ɗan m, amma a wasu filayen na magani shi ne har yanzu dacewa.
2. Exudative. Jigon da definition ne don tabbatar da cewa a lokacin da irin wannan nau'i na kumburi wajibi gaban exudate. Dangane da yadda zai kasance, akwai da dama da sub-daban na kumburi: surkin jini, hemorrhagic, serous, fibrinous, catarrhal. Bari mu bincika a ta aice kowane daga cikinsu. Alal misali, ga serous kumburi halin da samuwar sunadaran ruwa. Yana iya cika wani cavities (pleural ko hadin gwiwa kwantena da sauransu). Shi ne kuma zai yiwu ya yi ciki zaruruwa da yadudduka, game da shi, haddasa kumbura sanyi. Don warkar da irin wannan siffar kamar yadda zai yiwu, pumped exudate. Fibrinous nau'i na kumburi ne zuwa kashi lobar da diphtheria. A wannan yanayin da secreted gina jiki suranta halayyar farin launi fim. A hatsari da wannan tsari ne cewa shi zai iya samar da adhesions. Surkin jini kumburi da samuwar daban-daban da furotin da kuma leukocyte exudation. Tattauna da siffofin, saukarwa, iri kumburi, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan shi ne mai tsanani nau'i, wanda zai iya zahiri narke cikin nama, wanda shi ne mai ban mamaki. Penultimate fom - hemorrhagic. Exudate a cikin wannan hali ya hada da wani jam'i na erythrocytes. Wannan shi ne sakamakon zabin iya faruwa tare da jini. Wannan kumburi ne muhimmi a cikin manyan cututtuka: Anthrax, hemorrhagic meningitis, annoba, smallpox, da sauransu. Sakamakon zai dogara ne a kan ta causative wakili na cutar. Amma irin wannan kumburi a wani hali yana da matukar unsafe. Catarrhal kumburi tsari na lightest na duk a sama. S selection halayyar babban adadin gamsai (rhinitis, tracheitis).
3. Proliferative. Wannan nau'i ne halin da m girma na tsokoki da kuma samuwar granulomas. Yana tsokani cirrhosis (wrinkling) na daban-daban gabobin, tasowa a kusa da waje jikinsu da kuma parasitic inclusions.

Bisa ta gabatar ba, wajibi ne a fadada a kan abin da mataki na suppurative kumburi asirce masana:

• Serous infiltration.
• Necrotic tsari (flegmozny, gangrenous, abscessed)

Pustular asali ilimi ya kasu kashi da wadannan iri:

• Mai da hankali kumburi (ƙurji). In ba haka ba, wannan tsari shine ake kira wani ƙurji. Tare da irin wannan kumburi wadannan na faruwa: tushen kamuwa da cuta festering rami da aka kafa tare da akai ambaliya na leukocytes a cikinta. Idan ƙurji bursts m, to, shi ne ake kira mai fitsari. Su kuma sun hada da marurai da carbuncles.
• Empyema - shi ne samuwar surkin jini exudate a cikin halitta cavities (appendix, pleura, parenchyma) domin gazawar churn da abinda ke ciki.
• Infiltrate. A wani hanya, wannan mataki da aka kira cellulitis. A wannan yanayin, da ruɓaɓɓen jini permeates jiki gaba daya. A tsari bambanta yadu watsa a ko'ina cikin tsarin da abin ya shafa yankin.

Surkin jini exudate iya gaba daya narke, forming wani tabo. Amma akwai ma yiwuwar wani m sakamako. Wannan na faruwa a lokacin da ruɓaɓɓen jini shiga cikin jini. A sakamakon haka, babu makawa tasowa sepsis, da kuma tsarin zama hadari, jimlace kamuwa da cuta shimfidawa a ko'ina cikin jiki.

A misali: ciwon huhu

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi tsanani da kuma wajen unpredictable cuta cewa ne ya sa ta daban-daban pathogens cewa sa ciwon huhu. Shi ne gaban ruwa a cikin Alveoli na haƙuri ta numfashi wuya da kuma tsokani canza ingancin rayuwa ga muni. A abin da ya faru dogara a kan daban-daban dalilai, da farko a kan mutum rigakafi da tsarin. Amma a cikin wani akwati, ci gaba da lura da duk matakai uku na kumburi tsari wani misali da wannan cuta mai yiwuwa ne.

Ciwon huhu kuma daukan wuri a cikin matakai. Daga mahangar pathogenesis ne 4 mataki huhu kumburi: tide hepatization ja, m hepatization izni. A farko daga cikin wadannan ya bayyana kawai invading dauke da kwayar cutar wakili a cikin jiki, da mutuncin cell lalacewa (canji). Saboda haka akwai cunkoso, rashin lafiyan fata halayen, shortness na numfashi, m bugun zuciya, alamun mai tsanani yawan guba.

A hepatization saukarwa (ja da launin toka hepatization) rayayye exudate da aka kafa a cikin huhu kyallen takarda. Wannan tsari ne da a fili wheezing, maye, neurological cuta. Ilimi ne sosai m phlegm - exudate cika kusan dukan shafa yankin. Ta yaya tsanani ciwon huhu, ya ce factor m raunuka (cibiyar kashi, lobe daga cikin huhu, ko kumburi daga cikin jimlar). Akwai lokuta da draining raunuka a daya.

A lokacin percolation ƙuduri mataki na raba da kafa exudate, saukarwa (yaduwa) huhu raunuka da kuma sauka a hankali dawo. Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, matakai na ciwon huhu nuna matakai halayyar da aka bayyana a jihar da kwayoyin. Bayan ciwon huhu misali daga cikin mafi hankula cututtuka kai tsaye alaka da ci gaban kumburi zai iya zama:

• Atherosclerosis.
• Cancerous siffofin maruran.
• Asthmatic canje-canje.
• Prostatitis: duka biyu m da kullum.
• Cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin (misali, jijiyoyin zuciya jijiya cuta).
• Glomerulonephritis.
• Hanji kumburi.
• Ailments gabobin a yankin na kafafuwa.
• Rheumatoid amosanin gabbai.
• A rukuni na autoimmune cututtuka.
• Vasculitis.
• Cystitis.
• Dashi kin amincewa.
• Sarcoidosis.

A karshe, banal kuraje kuma bayyana a sakamakon kumburi tafiyar matakai a cikin fata da kuma a cikin zurfi yadudduka na epidermis.

Abin lura shi ne cewa tsarin na rigakafi sau da yawa ya aikata wani m wargi da jiki, haifar da ci gaba na kumburi. A takaice bayyana tsari, za mu iya ce cewa rigakafi jiki hari da kansa jiki. Suna iya gane dukan jiki tsarin a matsayin barazana ga dukan tsarin rayuwa. Me wannan yake da faruwa, da rashin alheri, ba cikakken gane.

Kintsa

Hakika, daga kumburi canje-canje na sãɓãwar launukansa mai tsanani ba inshora da wani daya daga cikin masu rai. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tsari da aka gabatar ga mutãne, da yanayi da kuma ne aka yi nufi ga ci gaba da tsarin na rigakafi da kuma taimaka jiki more nasarar wuce hanyar juyin halitta. Saboda haka, da fahimtar da hanyoyin da cewa faruwa a lokacin da kumburi metamorphosis zama dole ga kowane m mazaunan duniya.