Kumburi shiga tsakani: rarrabuwa

A bayyanar kumburi tafiyar matakai a mayar da martani ga pathological factor ne isasshen dauki da kwayoyin. Kumburi - hadaddun aiwatar da cewa tasowa a kan wani gida ko janar matakin da ya auku a mayar da martani ga kasashen waje jamiái. Babban aiki na tasowa wani mai kumburi amsa directed a kawar da rinjayar da pathological da kuma dawo da na jiki. Kumburi shiga tsakani ne da shamaki ba, suna kai tsaye da hannu a wadannan matakai.

A takaice a kan ka'idodin kumburi halayen

Na rigakafi da tsarin - tsare lafiyar dan adam. Lokacin da bukatar ne su shiga yaki da kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka fungi. Duk da haka, tare da waye farfadowa da aiwatar da magance kwayoyin za a iya gani gani ko jin bayyanar da na asibiti hoto. Shi ne a irin haka kumburi tasowa a matsayin m martani na jiki.

Tsari ne m kuma na kullum kumburi martani na ta kwarara. A farko ya taso ne daga kwatsam mataki irritating factor (rauni, lalacewa, rashin lafiyan sakamako, kamuwa da cuta). Kullum kumburi ne shafe tsawon da kasa pronounced asibiti ãyõyi.

A hali na gida martani na rigakafi da tsarin a cikin sashi na rauni ko suka ji masa rauni a can ãyõyin kumburi dauki wadannan:

• zafi.
• ƙaruwa, puffiness.
• yankin Flushing da fata .
• take hakkin da aikin jiha.
• hyperthermia (zazzabi Yunƙurin).

kumburi mataki na ci gaba

Kan aiwatar da kumburi dogara ne a kan lokaci daya hulda da fata m dalilai, jini da kuma rigakafi Kwayoyin. Nan da nan bayan daukan hotuna zuwa wani waje wakili, da jiki amsa ta gida vasodilatation a yankin na kai tsaye rauni. Akwai wata karuwa da permeability na bango da kuma da tabbatarwa daga cikin gida microcirculation. Tare da jini Kwayoyin zo nan humoral kariya.

A cikin mataki na biyu na rigakafi da Kwayoyin fara fafitikar da kwayoyin, sami kansu a wurin da lalacewa. Kan aiwatar da ciwon sunan phagocytosis. Sel, neutrophils, canza su da kuma siffar sha pathological jamiái. Next, tsaya fita da musamman jamiái da nufin rushe na kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.

A layi daya da kwayoyin hallaka neutrophils da haihuwa matattu Kwayoyin, wanda ake located a yankin na kumburi. Kamar wancan fara da ci gaban da uku lokaci halayen da kwayoyin. A mayar da hankali na kumburi kamar yadda aka kare daga dukan jiki. Wani lokaci wannan wuri za a iya ji throbbing. A cell farawa, don samar da kumburi shiga tsakani daga mast Kwayoyin, cewa ba ka damar tsaftace ji rauni yanki daga gubobi, sharar gida da kuma sauran abubuwa.

Janar Concepts na shiga tsakani

Kumburi shiga tsakani - shi ne mai aiki abu na nazarin halittu asali, wanda suna tare da sakin babban bulan na canji. Su suke da alhakin fitowan da bayyanar cututtuka na kumburi halayen. Alal misali, ta ƙara permeability da jirgin ruwa bango ko da na gida da yawan zafin jiki karuwa a yankin na traumatization.

Babban shiga tsakani na kumburi suna bambanta ba kawai domin ci gaba da pathological tsari. Su ci gaba da faruwa ci gaba. Yana nufin da tsari na jikin ayyuka a cikin nama da kuma salon salula matakan. Dangane da shugabanci na mataki, modulators da wani sakamako:

• ƙari (tsawo).
• synergistic (potentiator).
• antagonichesky (weakening).

Lokacin da rauni ko a kan shafin na neurotransmitter mataki na kwayoyin naúrar iko da hulda matakai da kuma kumburi effector lokaci motsa halayyar da tsari.

Nau'in na kumburi shiga tsakani

All kumburi modulators ya kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin, dangane da asalin:

1. Humoral: kinins, Kalam na dace da, clotting dalilai.
2. Cell: vasoactive amines, arachidonic acid Kalam, cytokines, lymphokines, lysosomal dalilai, mai amsawa oxygen metabolites, neuropeptides.

Humoral shiga tsakani na kumburi samu a jikin mutum zuwa tasiri pathological factor, Ina nufin jiki yana da wadata na wadannan abubuwa. Su shaida ya auku a Kwayoyin a wani m form.

Vasoactive amines da neuropeptides lysosomal dalilai ne ma pre-data kasance modulators. Sauran abubuwa na ga mahalarta da salon salula shiga tsakani da ake samar kai tsaye a lokacin da ci gaban da kumburi martani.

Kalam na najumla

Ga mai kumburi shiga tsakani da ake samu yabo. Wannan rukuni na ilimin aiki abubuwa an dauke su daga cikin mafi muhimmanci humoral modulators. K Kalam hada da 22 daban-daban gina jiki wanda samuwar na faruwa a tare dace da kunnawa (samuwar rigakafi gidaje ko immunoglobulins).

1. Modulators C5a da C3a ne alhakin da m kumburi lokaci da kuma Liberatore histamine ake samar da mast Kwayoyin. Su mataki ne directed a inganta matakin na jijiyoyin bugun gini cell permeability, wanda yana da za'ayi kai tsaye ko a kaikaice ta hanyar histamine.
2. Modulator C5a des Arg qara permeability na venules a shafin na kumburi amsa da janyo hankalin neutrophilic Kwayoyin.
3. S3 inganta phagocytosis.
4. Complex S5-C9 alhakin lysis da kwayoyin da kuma mahaukaci Kwayoyin.

Wannan rukuni na shiga tsakani da samar daga jini da nama ruwa. Saboda shigar da pathological zone, exudation matakai faruwa. Tare Kalam gaba saki interleukin, neurotransmitters, leukotrienes, prostaglandins da platelet-kunna factor.

kinins

Wannan rukuni na abubuwa ne vasodilators. Suna kafa a cikin nama ruwa da kuma jini na musamman globulin. Babban wakilan kungiyar hada bradykinin da kallidin, wanda mataki sakamako ne kamar haka:

• shiga a cikin akan rage tsoka m kungiyoyin.
• ta rage jijiyoyin bugun gini endothelial ƙarfafa matakai bango permeability.
• taimako zuwa ga karuwa daga cikin jijiya da kuma venous matsa lamba;
• fadada kananan tasoshin.
• sa bayyanar zafi da itching.
• hanzarta farfadowa da collagen kira.

A mataki ne da nufin a samu na bradykinin jini damar yin amfani da shafin na kumburi. Kinins - zafi shiga tsakani na kumburi. Suna irritating zuwa gida rabe, haddasa rashin jin daɗi, soreness, itching.

prostaglandins

Salula mai kumburi shiga tsakani ne prostaglandins. Wannan rukuni na mahadi da dangantaka da Kalam na arachidonic acid. Sources na prostaglandins ne macrophages, platelets, granulocytes da monocytes.

Prostaglandins - shiga tsakani na kumburi, farfado da wadannan ayyuka:

• ruri daga zafi rabe.
• vasodilation.
• kara exudative matakai.
• karfafa na hyperthermia a cikin rauni.
• accelerating motsi leukocytes cikin pathological zone.
• kara a kumburi.

leukotrienes

Ta ilimin aiki abubuwa na ga sabuwar kafa shiga tsakani. Wannan shi ne, jikin ta na rigakafi da tsarin a cikin sauran adadin ba zai isa ba ga nan da nan martani irritant.

Leukotrienes tsokane riba jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability da leukocyte samar da damar yin amfani da sashi na Pathology. Shin muhimmanci a cikin Farawa na kumburi zafi. Abubuwa za a iya hada a duk jini Kwayoyin wanin erythrocytes, kuma a cikin adventitia na huhu Kwayoyin, jini da kuma kitse Kwayoyin.

A cikin hali na kumburi a mayar da martani ga ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka ko rashin lafiyan dalilai leukotrienes sa Bronchial spasm, haifar da ci gaban edema. A sakamakon kama da mataki na histamine, amma ya fi tsayi. Target sashin jiki ga aiki abubuwa - da zuciya. Tsaye daga cikin manyan lamba, suka yi aiki a kan zuciya tsoka, mai jinkirin jijiyoyin zuciya ya kwarara da kuma kara da matakin da kumburi dauki.

thromboxanes

Wannan rukuni na aiki modulators kafa a cikin tsokoki na baƙin ciki, kwakwalwa Kwayoyin, huhu Kwayoyin da jini platelets. Da spastic sakamako a kan jini, bunkasa matakai na thrombosis a cardiac ischemia, taimakawa ga aiwatar da tari da kuma platelet mannewa.

biogenic amines

A farko kumburi shiga tsakani - histamine da serotonin. Abubuwa ne provocateurs farko microcirculatory cuta a cikin Pathology zone. Serotonin - a neurotransmitter da aka samar a cikin kitsen Kwayoyin, platelets da enterochromaffin.

A mataki na serotonin dabam dangane da matakin a cikin jiki. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, a lokacin da adadin ne physiological matsakanci, shi qara jijiyoyin bugun gini spasms da kuma ƙara musu sautin. Tare da ci gaba da mai kumburi halayen da lambar qara da cika fuska. Serotonin zama vasodilator, kara jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability da kuma fadada tasoshin. Bugu da ƙari, ta mataki ne daya sau ɗari fiye da ingantaccen biyu biogenic Amine neurotransmitter.

Histamine - kumburi matsakanci ciwon multifaceted sakamako a kan jini da kuma Kwayoyin. Mukaddashin a kan daya kungiyar gistaminchuvstvitelnyh rabe abu dilates arteries da damuarn leukocyte motsi. Lokacin da fallasa zuwa wani - shi Narrows jannayẽnsa vnutrikapellyarnogo haddasa karuwa a matsa lamba a kan daya bangaren, ta leukocyte motsi.

Mukaddashin a kan neutrophil rabe, histamine takaita su aiki a kan monocyte rabe - stimulates baya. Saboda haka, neurotransmitter iya samun wani mai kumburi anti-mai kumburi sakamako a lokaci guda.

Vasodilator sakamako na histamine aka inganta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani hadadden da acetylcholine, bradykinin, kuma serotonin.

lysosomal enzymes

Rigakafi da kumburi shiga tsakani da ake samar da monocytes da granulocytes a wuri na pathological aiwatar a lokacin ruri, hijirarsa, phagocytosis, cell lalacewa da kuma mutuwa. Proteases wanda wani muhimmin bangaren da lysosomal enzymes da antimicrobial sakamako kariya lysing dan hanya halakar pathological kwayoyin.

Bugu da ƙari, aiki abubuwa da taimako zuwa ƙãra permeability na jijiyoyin bugun gini ganuwar, modulate leukocyte infiltration. Dangane da yawan ruwan dare enzymes, za su iya karfafa ko raunana hijirarsa na leukocyte Kwayoyin.

Kumburi amsa tasowa kuma yana na dogon lokaci saboda gaskiyar cewa lysosomal enzymes kunna dace da tsarin, saki cytokines da limokiny Kunna coagulation da fibrinolysis.

cationic sunadaran

By kumburi shiga tsakani ne da sunadarai kunshe ne a cikin neutrophil granules da ciwon high microbicidal. Wadannan abubuwa da aiki kai tsaye a kan waje Kwayoyin, karya ta tsarin membrane. Wannan ya sa da mutuwar wani pathological wakili. Bugu da ari, kan aiwatar da halaka da kuma tsakiyan nonon ta lysosomal proteases.

Cationic sunadaran inganta neurotransmitter saki histamine, kara jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability, gaggauta leukocyte mannewa da kuma hijirarsa na sel.

cytokines

Wannan salon salula mai kumburi shiga tsakani da samar da sel da wadannan:

• monocytes.
• macrophages.
• neutrophils.
• lymphocytes.
• endothelial Kwayoyin.

Mukaddashin a kan neutrophils, cytokine matakan kara jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability. Su ma ta da leukocyte Kwayoyin to kisa, kamawa da kuma lalata waje kwayoyin zaunar, bunkasa phagocytosis tsari.

Bayan kashe pathological jamiái cytokines ta da dawo da kuma yaduwa sabon Kwayoyin. Hulɗa tare da abubuwa daga kungiyar masu shiga tsakani, prostaglandins, neuropeptides.

Active metabolites na oxygen

A rukuni na free radicals, wanda suke saboda gaban a cikin unpaired electrons, iya shiga cikin dangantaka tare da sauran kwayoyin, shan mai kai tsaye a wurin samar da kumburi tsari. By oxygen metabolites, wanda wani bangare ne na shiga tsakani, su ne kamar haka:

• wani hydroxyl m.
• hydroperoxide m.
• superoxide anion m.

A tushen wadannan aiki abubuwa ne da matsanancin Layer na arachidonic acid phagocytic ruri fashe da su, kazalika da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na kananan kwayoyin.

Oxygen Metabolites kara habaka da ikon na phagocytic Kwayoyin ya hallaka waje jamiái hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka na fats, lalacewar amino acid, nucleic acid, carbohydrates, kara jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability. Kamar yadda modulators na metabolites iya kara kumburi ko anti-mai kumburi sakamako. Su na bayar da muhimmanci a ci gaba da kullum cututtuka.

neuropeptides

Wannan kungiyar hada da calcitonin, neurokinin A, da kuma abu P. Wannan ne mafi sani modulators na neuropeptides. Abubuwa mataki sakamako dogara ne a kan wadannan matakai:

• janye daga neutrophils a kumburi.
• ya karu jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability.
• Taimaka tare da sauran kungiyoyin da fallasa a kan m rabe na neurotransmitters.
• ýan kayan haɓɓaka aiki na neutrophils da venous endothelium.
• shiga a cikin samuwar zafi yayin da kumburi martani.

Bugu da kari ga dukan sama, zuwa aiki shiga tsakani da kuma hada acetylcholine, adrenaline da noradrenaline. Acetylcholine ne da hannu a cikin samuwar jijiya hyperemia, dilates jini a cikin hearth pathologies.

Norepinephrine da epinephrine yi kamar yadda modulators na kumburi, inhibiting da girma da matakin jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability.

A ci gaba da kumburi martani ba a take hakkin da kwayoyin. A akasin haka, shi ne mai nuni da cewa tsarin na rigakafi don magance da ayyuka.