Kasashen - ASEAN mambobi: jerin

Takwas Agusta 1967, da shekara a kudu maso gabashin Asiya cika ƙungiyar na jihohi a cikin wani aure kungiyar. Kasashen - ASEAN mahalarta gano biyu na dokokin ƙa'idar manufofin da Association: Don karfafa al'adu da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki co-aiki na 'yan kungiyar da kuma karfafa zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a kudancin Asiya.

A jerin shigarwa

Da farko, 'yan kungiyar sun biyar: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines. Kawai a shekarar 1984, kasar - ASEAN mahalarta dauki cikin da darajõji Jihar Brunei Darussala.

A 1995, Vietnam da aka kara a shekarar 1997 - Myanmar da kuma Laos, da kuma a 1999 - Kambozhda. A lokacin, kasar - membobin kungiyar ASEAN yana da goma 'yan Association. Plus Papua - New Guinea da matsayi na musamman Kiyayewa.

manufofin da Association

Kungiyar yana da aiki ne quite wuya, da yawa daga cikin sharuddan: to kunna yankin ra'ayoyi a duniya tattalin arziki da siyasa na tsakiya na Multi-iyakacin duniya duniya, kuma shi ne wannan aiki shi ne a kan gaba wajen, shi wajibi ne ta samar da wata free cinikayya yankin da kuma zuba jari zone.

Amma wannan ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da gabatarwar guda kudin da halittar cikakken sikelin tattalin arziki kayayyakin more rayuwa irin. Kuma don cim ma duk na sama, shi wajibi ne ta samar da wata musamman management tsarin. Tun daga nan, kuma an yanke shawarar fara.

A rikicin na 1997

Global kudin da rikicin kudi a 1997, ba zai iya kasa su shafi kudancin Asiya. Kasashen - ASEAN mambobi wuce wani gwajin, saboda rikicin da wani mummunan tasiri a kan tattalin arziki da siyasa hanya. Dan kadan kasa ya tafi zuwa Singapore da kuma Brunei, amma sun rinjãya a dukan matsaloli na tsawon shekaru biyu. Sauran ƙasashe da cewa yin up ASEAN sun kasance a kan gab da barin Association.

Duk da haka, "a dozin" ci gaba da manufofin da hadewa a cikin Sphere na tattalin arziki, da keta gwajin da kuma karfafa yunkura ba su bar rabin hanya tsare-tsaren. Da juriya da aka saka musu da karshen 1999, da yawa daga cikin mummunan halin da aka iya shawo kan, da kuma, baya daga dukan, shi ne m ko fara wasu ci gaban tattalin arziki, wanda ya kai dan kadan kasa da shida cikin dari a shekarar 2000.

tsarin

The m jiki na kungiyar, wanda aka kafa ta kasashen da ASEAN - da gamuwa da shuwagabannin gwamnatocin, suka yanke shawara duk manyan tambayoyi tashe da Association. Ido, da kuma kula da ayyukan da Annual gamuwa, wanda aka gudanar a ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar matakin, a kowace} asa, a bi da bi (CFM). A halin yanzu jagorancin tsunduma a wani zaunannen kwamitin, da Shugaban da ministan harkokin waje na kasar inda a wannan lokacin yana shirya gaba ministoci Majalisar.

Bugu da kari, a birnin Jakarta ne kullum aiki sakatariya, karkashin jagorancin babban sakataren. A kowane yanki na aiki aiki goma sha qware kwamitocin. A cikin tsarin na ASEAN kasashe mambobin kungiyar, wanda shi ne wani jerin na sama, yana da za'ayi a kan ɗari uku events kowace shekara. The doka tsarin da aka mayar da shi a shekarar 1976 (Bali yarjejeniyar goyon bayan abota da hadin gwiwa a Kudu-East Asia).

tattalin arzikin

Yankin tattalin arziki a kudancin Asiya ne a mafi girma hadarin, don haka kasashen na Ƙungiyar gudanar da layi a kan walwalar da kuma hadewa, a kan tushen da Yarjejeniyar a kan kafa free cinikayya yankunan (AFTA), da Yarjejeniyar a kan yankunan da na zuba jari (Aiya) da Basic Yarjejeniyar bisa masana'antu co-aiki makircinsu (aiko) .

Tun da ci gaban da shirin yana da wani dogon lokacin da wani zaɓi, wanda aka ci gaba da wani gwani panel na manyan masana kimiyya da 'yan siyasa,' yan kasuwa da kuma soja shugabannin, ASEAN shirin cimma hakan hadewa fiye da Tarayyar Turai. Kuma wannan: hada banki States cikakken hadade sojoji da 'yan sanda domin dukan Association, kowa Office, kamar kasashen waje da manufofin, da kuma kimiyya da fasaha. Kuma wannan ba duk tsare-tsaren da ake gina wa kansa kasashe na ASEAN. List of ba tukuna updated, amma duk abin da zai yiwu.

AFTA

A mafi karfafa ra'ayoyi na kasashen Asiya, United wannan tattalin arziki manufofin - ne ASEAN Free Trade Area. Shi ne "cikakke" a karo na hudu taron na gwamnatoci da kuma shugabannin jihar a shekarar 1992. A farko akwai kawai kasashe shida, da kuma ba har sai 1996, lokacin da shigarwa zuwa AFTA ASEAN shiga Vietnam. A hankali har 1999, shekarar da abun da ke ciki ya tashi zuwa goma mahalarta.

Wanne kasashen membobin kungiyar ASEAN - sananne. Kuma abin da kuma zai iya shiga cikin Association a nan gaba? Papua - New Guinea yayin eyeing da al'amurra. A fannoni, da aka halitta da wani ido a kan wani sub-harkokin ciniki ya yankin, ya ƙara ciki-ASEAN cinikayya. irin juna cinikayya girma yanayi sun tasiri da gasa na nasu tattalin arzikin. Plus ga wannan - siyasa bunqasar da kuma dangane da irin hadin gwiwa ko da kasa da suka ci gaba kasashe a Kudu maso Gabas Asia.

CEPT

Zone free cinikayya na bukatar musamman tattalin arziki kida. ASEAN yana da yarjejeniya a kan na kowa tasiri fifikon jadawalin kuɗin fito (CEPT). All halartar kasashe sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan Singapore taron a shekarar 1992. Rene ta CEPT makirci ya raba dukkan kayayyakin cikin hudu Categories. A farko - da matakin na tariffs da za a rage daidai da al'ada ko kara jadawalin. Wannan rukuni na kayayyakin ne 88% na kayayyaki nomenclature dukkan ASEAN kasashen da har yanzu fadada.

Wadannan biyu Categories na kayan da ake kãma lists. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne dukiya da suke da muhimmanci ga NAT. lafiya, da kariya na kyawawan dabi'u, kiwon lafiya da kuma rayuwa na mutane, kazalika da Fauna da Flora, duk m, archaeological da tarihi darajar. Na biyu category na kayayyakin ga janyewar ba batun rage tariffs a kan filaye na cikin gida da tattalin arziki, da samar da wani kwari dakushe yawan irin wannan kaya. A karo na hudu category - aikin gona da kayayyakin masarufi - aka farko gaba daya cire daga CEPT makirci. Amma a shekarar 1995, a tsare cikin yanayi na musamman domin rage tariffs a kan wadannan samfurin kungiyoyin.

Industrial hadin gwiwa

Don kara da gasa kaya samar a cikin ASEAN yankin, da kuma, saboda haka, ya jawo hankalin zuba jari ga yankin, da sabon siffofin masana'antu hadin gwiwa da aka hannu. Basic Yarjejeniyar (aiko) ASEAN kasashe mambobin kungiyar sa hannu a shekarar 1996, da shekara.

A karkashin wannan makirci, aiko ne aka yi nufi ga tsara da samar, ban da kayayyakin da suke kunshe da jerin exemptions karkashin yarjejeniyar da CEPT. Yanzu shi ne kawai amfani da masana'antu samar, amma shirya shiga tsakani a cikin sauran tattalin arziki. Kuma da yawan sigogi a masana'antu hadin gwiwa da shirye-shirye da aka canza. Sun zama mafi yadu amfani jadawalin kuɗin fito da kuma wadanda ba hanyoyin.

Manufofi aiko

Da farko, cikin shakka dauka da girma na samar, kara yawan da inganci na zuba jari a ASEAN kasashen daga uku kasashen, da zurfafa na hadewa, fadada ciki cinikayya, inganta da fasaha tushe, da ci na duniya kasuwar tare da m kayayyakin, gabatarwa, girma da kuma ci gaban kamfanoni. Yanayin ga halittar kowane sabon kamfanin ya sa hannu na akalla biyu kamfanoni daga kasashe daban-daban, a gaban akalla talatin bisa dari na al'ummar babban birnin kasar.

Yana bayar da wani iri-iri na da zaɓin - fifikon jadawalin kuɗin fito rates tun kafuwarta, wanda ya ba da wani amfani a kwatanta da kera wanda bisa ga CEPT, kai wannan matakin ne kawai 'yan shekaru. Bugu da kari ga cewa bayar da kuma wadanda ba jadawalin kuɗin fito fifiko - da samun infestitsy ciki har da. Idan manufacturer za refocus kamfanin tare da albarkatun kasa da kuma Semi-ƙãre kayayyakin zuwa karshe samfurin, aiko samar da ƙarin ihisani - fifikon jadawalin kuɗin fito rates da kuma takaita cinikin a cikin ASEAN kasuwanni, yayin da damar yin amfani da tsaka-tsakin da kuma albarkatun kasa ne da matsin iyakantaccen.

Aiya

Samar da zuba jari zones ya saboda da 1998 Yarjejeniyar. Wannan yanki rufe dukan ƙasar ASEAN, da kuma cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje zuba jari suna janyo hankalin saboda da kamfani: zuba jari ne, an bã kasa magani, haraji taimako, da dagawa na hani a mutunta mutane da yawa, har ma da halatta zuba jari a m sassa na tattalin arziki, fãce waɗanda suke a cikin jerin wucin gadi hani ko m jerin.

A peculiarity wannan Yarjejeniyar cewa shi shafi kawai ga kai tsaye zuba jari, da zuba jari ba tare da fayil m. Kasashen - ASEAN mambobi da gagarumin bambance-bambance a cikin matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki na jihohi, don haka da Yarjejeniyar da ya ƙunshi shan la'akari da hankali rage daga cikin List of wucin gadi ware zuwa cikakken gazawar - amma ba ga kowa da kowa, amma kawai domin Indonesia, Brunei, da Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand da Singapore - a 2010 th shekara. Daga baya shiga cikin ASEAN kasashen da aka yin amfani da List mai yawa ba. Aiya Majalisar shafe ta da lists don duk a cikin shekara 2003.