Kasa na Ukraine. History of Ukraine

Ukraine - a kasar ranked biyar a Turai cikin sharuddan yawan. Yawan mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin wannan kasa, bisa ga 2001 ƙidaya sakamakon, amounted zuwa 42,8 miliyan. A adadi, wanda aka posted a kasa, ya nuna da kabilu na Ukraine a matsayin mai yawan.

A kadan tarihi

Ukrainians sun tripoltsy kakanninsu da suke zaune a cikin ƙasa tsakanin Dniester, Dnieper da kuma Kudancin Bug wani 3.5-2 dubu. BC da kuma farkon Slavs, wanda ya zo a nan da kuma daga baya a cikin Carpathian yankin. Suka tsunduma a aikin noma da kuma ya jagoranci wani zama a gida rayuwa. Yana da wadannan mutane da kuma kafa dalilin nan gaba na Ukrainian al'umma.

Da dama ƙarni jajirce yawa mamayar daban-daban nomadic kabilu a Slavic asashe. Amma duk da aron wasu siffofin na da al'adunsu, da Ukrainians sun iya adana su shaidar dan kasa. Yana bayyana kanta ba kawai a cikin harshen amma kuma a cikin ruhaniya al'adu.

Ukrainians ne yanzu daya daga cikin manyan al'ummai na duniya, m shiri a cikin zuciya na Turai da aka partially warwatse ko'ina cikin duniya.

janar bayanai

Lugar wuraren dauke da arewaci, da gabashi da kuma tsakiyar sassa. M mutane suna rayuwa a yammacin da kuma kudancin yankunan. Mafi yawa daga cikin mazauna - Ukrainians (game da 78%), wanda shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin kabilun a duniya. The kabilu na Ukraine ya hada da Crimean Tatars, Rasha, Belarusians, Dogayen sanda, Yahudawa, Romanians, Moldavians da sauransu.

zamani Jihar

The Ukrainian doka ganewa (ba domin haihuwa takardar shaidar), mutum kabilanci ne ba a kayyade ba. Saboda haka, mutane haifa a cikin ƙasa na Ukraine, suna ta atomatik 'yan ƙasa. Bugu da kari, su ne wani ɓangare daga cikin 'yan asalin mutane, ko da kuwa addininsu, kabila, da harshe, da kuma ra'ayin siyasa.

'Yan tsirarun kabilu, da suka hada da mutane da suke ba su da asali Ukrainians, amma sane wadannan dokoki da ka'idoji na yanzu dokokin, tare wakilci kabilu na Ukraine kuma suna da kariya ta jihar, kazalika da' yan qasar mazaunan.

Kyiv International Institute of ilimin halayyar gudanar da wani nazari a yankin na kabilanci na jama'a da su free kai-da katin shaida. Su analysis nuna cewa kabilu na Ukraine ne musamman bambance bambancen. A cewar bayanai samu, a kan ƙasa na jihar ne zuwa gida 62% na wani na daya-kabilanci Ukrainian mutane, 23% ne bietnicheskie Rasha-Ukrainian, 10% - na daya-kabilanci Russia, kazalika da 5% na mutanen da na sauran kungiyoyin.

A jama'ar na tsakiyar yankunan

La'akari da kabilanci abun da ke ciki na Ukraine ta yankuna, da suka fara da Kiev. Garuruwanta, gari da kauyuka sanaki wakilan wadanda ba titular kabilun.

Ga Ukrainians (game da 90%) rayuwa, yafi. Sauran 10% - wannan ne Belarusians da kuma sauran kasashe. Kamar yadda na 2001, babban birnin 2607,4 dubu mutane. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan adadi ne a zahiri yawa mafi girma, tun aiki a nan da kuma koyi mai girma da yawan 'yan kasashen waje da kuma mutanen da ya fito daga wasu birane.

Yankin ƙasar da Zhytomyr yankin ne manyan. Ga rayuwa mutane 85 da kasashe! Fiye da 80% na su - da Ukrainians. A rabo na Rasha a kwatanta da sauran yankunan ne kananan - kawai 8%. A rarrabe Zhitomir ne manyan yawan Dogayen sanda da suke zaune a nan, musamman a yammacin na yankin. Mutane da Belarushiyanci Tushen, akwai 'yan kaxan, duk da cewa nan kusa akwai wani kan iyaka da Belarus.

Kirovohrad yankin zauna fiye da 85% na Ukrainian. Kuma a cikin arewa-maso-gabas da lambar da yake kusa da 100%. Mazauna tare da Rasha Tushen, akwai kawai 11% na jimlar yawan jama'a. Baya daga gare su, da yankin da aka sanaki Bulgarians, Moldavians da Belarusians.

hagu Bank

Muna ci gaba da bincike da kabilu na Ukraine ta yankuna da matsawa zuwa gabashin ɓangare na jihar. A cikin Kharkiv yankin gida ce game da tamanin kabilun. Ukrainians sa up fiye da 60% na jimlar yawan. Suka bi ta Rasha (30%). Sauran jama'a ne Belarusians, Tatars, Armenia da sauransu.

A Dnepropetrovsk yankin gida ce ta farko da manyan Ukrainian al'umma. A 'yan asalin yawan nan ne 70%. Na biyu mafi girma kabila - Rasha (25%). Suna da hankali, yafi a cikin masana'antu da cibiyoyin. Daga cikin wasu mutanen tsayawa Yahudawa da Belarusians.

Donetsk yankin ne shugaba a cikin sharuddan yawan. Yana gida 4.5 miliyan mazauna. Ainihin part kunshi Ukrainian (50%), da kuma Rasha Belarusians (42%), kazalika da Yahudawa, Jamus, da dai sauransu A mafi populated biranen su ne manyan birane -. Donetsk Mariupol, kuma Kramators'k MAKEEVKA.

A kan ƙasa na Ukraine Luhansk kasa tsari ne mafi bambancin fiye da a cikin m yankunan. Mutane da yawa ne zalla Ukrainian ta kasa (50%). Suka bi ta Rasha ta (kasa da 40%), Belarusians, Tatars, da kuma a kan wani mutum ɗari wasu kabilun. Lugansk yankin da yawan yawa da aka ranked biyar a Ukraine.

kudancin yankunan

A Zaporozhye yankin Marinjãyi Ukrainian al'umma (60%). Wannan yankin na kasar nasa ne wadanda 'yan yankunan, inda a manyan yawan mutane da Rasha Tushen (30%). Daga cikin wasu 'yan tsiraru za a iya bambanta Belarusians da Bulgarians. A karshen, kamar yadda mai mulkin, rayuwa a Primorye.

A cikin Kherson yankin , a 1989, 82% na Ukrainians. Daga baya, wannan adadi ya karu zuwa 84,6%. Na biyu wuri da aka shagaltar da Rasha alƙarya fãce 2001 ƙidaya ya nuna cewa a wannan yankin da suka rage da 33,8%. Daga cikin wasu 'yan tsiraru suna kasaftawa Crimean Tatars, Belarusians da Dogayen sanda.

A cikin Mykolaiv yankin rabo na Ukrainians wuce 75%. A arewa maso yammacin yankuna na yawan kai 90%. Rasha mazaunan, akwai game da 20%. Har ila yau da yawa ne Moldavians da Belarusians zaune a arewacin yankin.

Odessa yankin yana da 55% na Ukrainian yawan jama'a da kuma 25% - Rasha. Daga cikin 'yan wasu' yan tsiraru na kasa wajibi ne don zaɓar Bulgarians, Gagauz da kuma {asar Moldova. Har ila yau, a cikin Odessa yanki da Czechs, Helenawa, Albanians da Dogayen sanda. A 'yan asalin yawan daukan kusan duk ta tsakiya da kuma arewacin yankunan.

Crimea da kuma birnin Sevastopol: da dama daga 74,4% da 20,6% na Rasha Ukrainians a cikin kabilu da waɗannan ƙasashe, sauran 5% - Crimean Tatars, Armenia, Jamus, Yahudawa, Latvians, Dogayen sanda, Koriya, Estonians da sauransu kuma rayu a nan. mutane na gauraya kasashe, Tatars da Gypsies.

dama Bank

Volyn yankin - a Yammacin Ukraine. The kabilu da jama'ar na wannan yanki ne kusan uniform saboda ta kasa matsayi. A muhimmin bangare na al'ummar ne Ukrainian (mafi girma daga 95%). Har ila yau, a nan rayuwa Russia (4%), Dogayen sanda (0.5%), da sauransu. A wannan halin da ake ciki Lvov, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rovenskaya, Khmelnytsk, Vinnytsia, Chernihiv, Poltava, Sumskoy, Ternopil da kuma Cherkasy yankuna.

Ƙidayar data a 2001 ya nuna cewa da yankin Chernivtsi yankin sanaki da wakilan 80 al'ummai. Inda kusan daukacin jama'ar da aka yi sama da Ukrainians (75%). Sun fi yawa a arewa maso gabashin kasar da kuma yammacinta na yankin. Ba dole ne a ce cewa, daga cikin 'yan asalin yawan mutane, an ware sub-kabilun kamar Bessarabians, Hutsuls da Rusyns. A farko live yafi a arewa maso gabashin kasar part, na biyu - a yammacin yankin, da kuma na uku - tsakanin koguna Prut da Nistru.

Na biyu mafi girma yankin kabila Chernovitsky - Romania (10%). Wannan ne bi da Moldavians (kamar 9%), kuma kawai 7% na yawan da Rasha asalinsu.

Transcarpathian yankin na Ukraine kammala kabila daban-daban kasashe rai a cikinta. Wannan, misali, Hungary (12.5%), kuma Slovakia (0.6%). 'Yan asalin mutane - ba shakka, da Ukrainians. Kuma daga cikin jimlar yawan wanda akwai fiye da 80%. Bayan su rayu a nan Rasha (4%), Romanians, Gypsies, Jamus, Belarusians, Italiya da sauran mutane.

A jama'ar na yankuna

Ukraine kunshi wani m yawan ethnographic asashe. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne halin da mutum al'adu, hadisai da kuma kabila. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna da wata ƙasa, yanã ga wasu (misali, Pokut'a located in Galicia). Duk wadannan rassan na zamani kabilu na yankuna na Ukraine da cewa har yanzu rinjayar da wannan tsarin. Ya kamata a lura da cewa babban kabilu a cikin kasar, akwai takwas:

- Rasha (8 334.1 thous.).
- Belarusians (275.8 th.).
- Moldavians (258.6 th.).
- Crimean Tatar (248.2 th.).
- Bulgaria (204.6 th.).
- Hungary (156.6 th.).
- Romania (151.0 th.).
- Dogayen sanda (144.1 thous.).

A bisa 'yan tsiraru kasance mafi yawa a cikin iyakar wannan kasar ba, amma a cikin tsakiyar yankunan da aka mamaye Ukrainians.