Mene ne daban-daban daga cikin bututun ƙarfe gun? Mafarautan bindiga cancantar

Gun kyau, ba tare da wani shakka ba, shi ne mafi daraja da romantic makami amfani da dayansu dukan zamanai. Tsara musamman domin farauta, biyu-barreled shotgun da rifled ganga bayyana a cikin UK tsakanin 1830 da kuma 1840, lokacin da a cikin yankunan duwatsu na Scotland ya zama mashahuri farauta barewa. Har sai wannan lokacin, kawai amfani da guda-gun, amma dayansu suna sane da bukatar sauri biyu harbi, yafi ga kammala kashe rauni game.

taƙaitaccen bayanin

Ga dama shekara ɗari, mutane sun yi amfani da bindigogi da farauta. Abin da bai zo up for samar dabbobi da tsuntsaye: kasancẽwa, bindigogi, bindigogi, shotguns daban-daban kayayyaki da kuma calibres. A tsakiyar latitudes ne mai babbar babban wasan farauta: daji boar, Elk, bear, barewa. Amma da mafi cherished ganima dabbobi masu shayarwa suna dauke "Big Biyar": giwa, zaki, karkanda, damisa da bauna. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne m, saboda haka su samar da yafi amfani da musamman manyan-zamo kamar bindigogi da rifled ganga tashoshi - kayan aiki.

Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan makami sanye take da biyu a kan sãsanninku ganga - shi ne mafi mobile, mafi kyau duka irin layout. Yana da damar daya bayan daya don gudanar da wani biyu kisa harbi. Ko a lokacin da misfire farko harbe da maharbin yana da lokaci a karo na biyu.

Akwai kuma guda-ganga versions - saboda farauta a cikin duwatsu, inda muhimmanci da daidaito da kuma kewayon harsashi. Austria da Jamus gunsmiths nuna uku, kuma ko da chetyrehstvolnye duniya farauta bindigogi gwada tufafi. A wannan yanayin, biyu main kututturan da manyan zamo, da kuma sauran biyu - karami calibers for daban-daban na wasan.

rarrabuwa

Wannan makami ya zo mai tsawo da kuma "ƙayayuwa" hanyar m dulnozaryadnyh bindigogi, wanda amfani da m baki foda, to high-tech "nitroekspressov", wanda ya} unshi jajircewar mafi kyau ra'ayoyi na aikin injiniya. Data kasance iri nozzles kasu kashi uku azuzuwan:

• Shirin mai gabatarwa - watershed gun rabu amfani zane, wanda yana amfani da oblong ko zagaye siffar short gubar harsasai. A al'adance, irin wannan makami aka yi amfani da baki foda. A farko gudu da harsasai ne low: 320-510 m / s.
• Express - watershed gun bututun ƙarfe calibers .450, .500, .577, da sauransu. M elongated harsashi nonenveloped, cikinsa da farko gudu 465-610 m / sec. Har ila yau, amfani da baki foda.
• Nitroekspress - "perelomka" ci gaba a cikin wani zamani harsashi harsashi, ya aiko da smokeless foda. A farko kudi na 564-991 m / s.
• Bullpup - wani sabon kalma a cikin zane na wani guda-kayan aiki na gwada da kananan zamo. Trigger ƙaddamar da tsakiyar ganga da aka located bayan da guduma inji da ganga (ba tipping) an hada kai tare da butt. Wannan tsari sanya shi yiwu, ba tare da rage tsawon na ganga, yin makami sosai m. Domin loading leans baya ɓangare na stock, shi ƙila za a sanya karin harsashi.

Daga juyin halitta zuwa revolution

Ko da yake kungiyar kasance a raba jinsunan farauta da makamai, duk da haka an samu daga shotguns. Cikin dukanin ta juyin halitta, a cikin fasaha sharuddan, da suka bari a baya da ci gaban sauran iri firearm farauta bindigogi sun kasance a cikin rawar da kama-up.

Tare da popularization na Afirka farauta a farkon na XX karni na yi na kayan aiki zo daga manyan Turai Rifleman. A 20-ies aka halitta mafi kyau misalai na kar jiragen kasa (musamman ingancin kayayyakin tsaya daga Birtaniya Masters), husufi da halaye da kuma "gladkostvolki" da kuma carbines. Suka har yanzu suna cikin mafarki na Elite dayansu.

Mene ne bambanci daga gun bututun ƙarfe

A gaskiya ma, cikin jam'iyya - wannan jujjũyãwar shotguns (a tsaye ko a kwance) na gun, amma sun haifa ba santsi da kuma grooved. Wannan akwati zai taimaka mafi daidai, mafi kuma mafi ikon aika wani harsashi. The jefa gefe na wannan tsari ne da babban matsin generated a cikin ganga, saboda abin da musamman bukatun hõre a kan ƙarfi daga ƙofar tsarin - shi ne da yawa inganta.

Ganin manyan zamo ganga, daga "m-hananna", kusa-kasancẽwa aron kusa gun, yawanci nauyi da kuma ƙato, bi da bi, shi ne ba dace a guje hunts.

Knockdown da kuma tsayawa ikon manyan-zamo model ne mamaki: daya harsashi ne isa ya buga mafi girma a ƙasar a duniya - da giwa. Ko da harbi da aka ba daidai, da sanadin motsi makamashi na dako isa ya buga saukar, kuma ga wani lokaci domin su kau da duk wani babban wasan. Babu sauran irin yakin makamai ne ba m.

Kasance da sanin cewa yana da wuya a yi amfani da makami, ba abin mamaki ba sun ce cewa jam'iyya - for ribobi. Musamman manyan zamo zane nuances, da yawa daga nauyi da kuma zama wata matsala ta yadda ya dace da su yi amfani da saba dayansu.

iri calibers

Kayan aiki ga sauran dalilai da, daidai da, ya zamo kamar ne zuwa kashi biyu manyan kungiyoyin: Turai style da kuma Afirka ta-India. Domin nemi a arewacin latitudes (Turai, Rasha, North America, sassa na Asia) suna al'ada amfani da "kananan" zamo: 9,3h74R. 8h57JRS. 7h65R. Haka kuma, da tsawon da bindiga ganga m: 550-600 mm.

Animals na Afirka, India, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, su ne manyan a size, mafi hatsari ga mafarauci. Zamo for m zabi irin Refayawa: .375N-H; .416Rigby. .470N kuma mafi.

A mafi yawan iko kwadago

Akwai nitroekspressy dodanni tare da babbar (da bukatunsu na farauta) zamo. Alal misali, na dogon lokaci shi ne mafi iko bindigogi m Holland & Holland gidajen for .600 nitro Express, ci gaba da Jeffrey. Duk da haka, saboda da whim na miliyoniya (wanda ya so ya zama shi ne na karshe .600), Holland & Holland for nauyi diyya daina samar a shekarar 1975. The kwangila adadin ne a asirce, amma a fili yana da matukar muhimmanci, saboda daya nitroekspress zamo .600 ya daraja fiye da 100 000 daloli.

Duk da haka, da arzikin masu arziki samu wani sauki hanya don samun a kusa da ƙuntatawa bonded kwangila - don yin gun mafi manyan zamo. A request na American William Feldstein Holland & Holland a 1989 ya haifar da wata gun .700 nitro Express zamo, kuma harsasai ci gaba a Bell Basic Brass. Masana sun ce - shi ne mai iko farauta bindiga a tarihi. A farko farauta uku Shots uku giwaye da aka kashe.

batun farashin

Yau, har ma da kara hani a kan farauta hatsari wasan bukatar biyu-ganga kungiya ta kashin da ya rage guda, musamman a lokacin da ta je sayen hukumar (b / y) na misali. Mafi yawan umurnai girmama zamo kayan aiki samu ko haraji, ko "mafarauci-mafarkai" da suke so su yi da wannan makamai, da yadda muka yi amfani da Dzheyms Sazerlend, Dzhon Hanter da sauransu.

Masana sun sosai bayar da shawarar ba skimp a kan irin wannan makamin, idan ka shirya amfani a kan wani real farauta sayi gun gwada tufafi. Price dogara a kan irin gun, ya zamo, manufacturer ta fasaha yanayin da tarihi darajar. Idan kana so ka saya nitroekspress, farashin tag na 'yan dala dubu kamata faɗakar da ba nadiri ga cheap kofe na fadowa baya bayan' yan Shots. Upscale sabili da haka, abin dogara da kuma tasiri samfurori ne dubban daloli. Da wannan tuna kamfanin, tsunduma a farauta a Afirka babban wasan, suna da nasu tarin kayan aiki da kuma mika su abokan ciniki hayan. Na sabon arha a duniya ne Izhevsk model MR221 da MR251 (20 000 rubles).

Gun cancantar: firearm Rasha

A Rasha, da kayan aiki a matsayin farauta makami ba ya zama tartsatsi, mai yiwuwa saboda rashin nagari farauta abubuwa. Amma da suka kasance sunã yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin fadar sojojin. Hakika, wasu ƙera da sana'a samar kayan aiki a kananan yawa, yafi domin samar da beyar.

Daga zamani kayan aiki m samar rubutu "guda-barreled gun" IZH18N (tare da m m ganga 12 ma'auni hada), biyu-barreled shotgun shaƙa "Express" MR251 tare da inganta kumburi kulle da kuma MR221 "Atamis". Wannan tsarin shi ne gwada da kananan zamo, wanda, duk da haka, shi ya isa ga m halakar da wani dabba a cikin mu latitudes.

ƙarshe

A jam'iyya, musamman nitroekspressy, su ne mafi iko kayayyakin farauta harsashi. Godiya ga wani rifled ganga da babban matsin lamba a tashar a lokacin da harbe-harben da harsashi samun ƙãra sanadin motsi makamashi, kudaje m, kuma mafi daidai buga. Daga rifled carbines bambanta yawa ya fi girma zamo, kuma da yiwuwar wani samfurin na biyu (ko fiye) Shots "daya daya" al'amudi a kan aiki gani.

Daga cikin shortcomings lura da karuwa a cikin nauyi na makamai (wasu nitroekspressy ku auna nauyi fiye da 5 kg), wani m sama (gaskiya ga manyan zamo) da kuma high kudin. A cikin hali na biyu-barreled (uku, hudu) yi, tasiri da kewayon an rage. Duk da haka, da kyau na da Turai da irin karami zamo wadannan shortcomings ba su mallaka.