Jazz: cewa shi ne, abin da shugabanci, wanda ya yi aikin

The asalin zamani jazz kafe a cikin Afirka m al'adu. Bayan Hristofor Kolumb gano wani sabon nahiyar da kuma Turawa suka zauna a can, da gaba of America ne ƙara bi cikin jiragen ruwa na fataucin.

Iznuronnye aiki, homesickness da wahala daga m dangantakar jami'an, bayi sami kwanciyar rai a music. A hankali sabon abu karin waƙa kuma rhythms da sha'awar a cikin Amirkawa da kuma Turawa. Saboda haka akwai jazz. Abin da jazz ne, kuma abin da da halaye, mu tattauna a wannan labarin.

Features m shugabanci

Yana nufin da jazz music na Afirka-American, wanda dogara ne - improvisation (lilo) da kuma na musamman rhythmic tsarin (syncope). Ba kamar sauran yankunan, inda mutum daya ya rubuta da music, da kuma sauran aikin, jazz kida yi duka biyu composers.

Melody aka halitta spontaneously rubutu lokaci, rabu da wani m tazara na lokacin aiwatarwa. Kamar yadda shi dai itace jazz. Mene ne improvisation ƙungiyar makaɗa? Wannan ikon na kida daidaita da wa juna. Bugu da kari, kowane improvises nasa.

Sakamako na maras wata-wata rubuce-rubucen an kiyaye su a cikin m tsarin rubutu (T. Kouler, Arlene G. "Ni mai farin ciki da dukan yini," Ellington D. "Shin, ba ku sani cewa ina son?", Da dai sauransu).

A tsawon lokaci, Afirka music hada da Turai. Bayyana karin waƙa da hada roba, launi, launin waƙa da jituwa da sauti (CHEATHAM Doc, Blues a cikin zuciyata, Carter James, centerpiece, da dai sauransu).

kwatance

Ware fiye da talatin da yankunan na jazz. Ka yi la'akari da wasu daga cikinsu.

1. Blues. A Turanci da kalmar na nufin "bakin ciki", "melancholy". Asali da shi da ake kira Blues solo lyric song} en fata. Jazz-Blues - shi dvenadtsatitaktovy lokaci m trohstrochnoy poetic form. Blues qagaggun yi a wani jinkirin taki, a cikin matani za a iya gano wasu innuendo. Sananne aikatawa na Blues - Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, da sauransu.

2. Ragtime. A zahiri translation na sunan style - tsage nan gaba. A harshen m sharuddan "Reg" wajen sauti mafi kissa tsakanin lobes. Direction bayyana a cikin United States, bayan teku kwashe ayyukan Schubert, Chopin da Liszt. Music ta Turai composers yi a cikin wani jazz style. Daga baya, akwai asali qagaggun. Ragtime hankula m Joplin S., D. Scott, D. Rago et al.

3. Boogie. The style fito a cikin farkon karni na ashirin. Masu m cafes bukata da kida yi wasa jazz. Mene ne m bi da presupposes da wanzuwar ƙungiyar makaɗa, sai an fada ba, amma ya kira wani babban yawan masu kida sun tsada. The sauti na daban-daban kida biya diyya pianists, samar da yawa rhythmic qagaggun. Boogie Features:

• improvisation.
• virtuoso dabara.
• musamman masu raka hagu aikin ostinantnuyu motor sanyi, da tazara tsakanin bass da karin waƙa - biyu ko uku octaves.
• m launi;
• feda togiya.

Boogie taka leda Romeo Nelson, Arthur Montana Taylor, Charles Avery et al.

Tatsũniyõyi ne na style

Jazz ne m, a kasashen da dama, a duniya. A dukan wuraren da akwai taurari cewa kewaye rundunar magoya, amma wasu sunayen sun zama labari. Suna da aka sani, kuma ƙaunar a kusa da duniya. Wadannan masu kida, musamman, dangantaka Louis Armstrong.

Shi ba a san abin da zai yi rabo da wani yãro daga wani matalauci Negro kwata, idan Louis bai samu shiga kurkuku sansani. A nan, nan gaba star rubuce a cikin tagulla band, duk da haka, tawagar ba wasa jazz. Mene ne Blues, da kuma yadda za ta raira waƙa, saurayin ya gano da yawa daga baya. Armstrong tsiwirwirinsu worldwide daraja godiya ga} da kuma juriyarsu.

Founder na jazz tsarkakewa zaton Billie Holiday (real name Eleonora Fagan). Ganiya shahararsa na singer kai 50-ies karni na karshe, a lokacin da wani scene canji nightclubs a kan mataki.

Wuya rayuwa ta faro kuma kambun da wani fanni na uku octaves Elly Fitsdzherald. Bayan mahaifiyarta ta mutu, sai ta gudu daga gida da kuma kiyaye ba ma mai kyau salon. A farkon na singer ta aiki wani wasan kwaikwayon na wani m hamayya Amateur Nights.

Duniya shahara ne Dzhordzh Gershvin. A mawaki halitta jazz qagaggun dangane gargajiya music. A kwatsam iri na yi captivated da masu sauraro da kuma abokan aiki. Kide da aka kokari ne tare da tafi. Mafi shahara aiki na G. Gershwin - "Rhapsody a Blue" (co-wallafa tare da Fredom Grofom), da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Porgy da Bess", "An American a Paris."

Kuma rare jazz artists sun kuma har yanzu suna Dzhenis Dzhoplin, Rey Charlz, Sarah Vaughan, Mayls Devis, da sauransu.

Jazz a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Ana zargin wannan m a cikin tarayyar Soviet saboda da sunan mawãƙi, fassara da kuma wasan kwaikwayo-goer Valentina Parnaha. A farko concert na jazz band jagorancin virtuoso ya faru a shekara ta 1922. Daga baya Tsfasman, L. Utesov, J. Skomorovsky dimbin yawa da shugabanci na Theatrical jazz, hada instrumental yi da kuma operetta. E. Rosner yi yawa don yada jazz music Varlamov, A. Lundstrom.

A cikin shekaru 40 da na karshe karni, jazz da aka yadu soki matsayin sabon abu na bourgeois al'adu. A 50-60-ies na kai hare-hare a kan masu aikatawa tsaya. Jazz makada da aka halitta a cikin RSFSR da sauran Soviet jamhuriyoyin.

Yau jazz seamlessly kashe a concert, saukarwa da kuma a clubs.