Kiwo shanu: musamman kiwo. Shanu madara samarwa: dutse

Ga talakawan mutum, ba da alaka da aikin noma, saniya na da wani irin - dai kawai wani dabba. Wani abu - da manoma. Lalle ne waɗanda suka tsunduma a kiwo da kuma rearing na shanu ga madara, san da dama siffofin da cewa ayyana irin kiwo shanu. A nan ne babban sharudda: a manyan nono, elongated jiki, underdeveloped tsokoki.

Overview

Akwai da dama, breeds na shanu. Amma mafi girma bukatar ne ga madara samar da saniya. Holstein irin, Yaroslavl, holmogorskaja ja steppe da kuma baki-da-fari sun fi na kowa a Rasha. Zahiri kowane yana da wasu abũbuwan amfãni a kan wasu. Alal misali, yana iya zama madara mai ko ta yawa. Nama kiwo irin shanu a ingancin da ɗan baya zuwa samfurin samu daga RNC wasu shugabanci. Sabõda haka kada ka sa ran daga gare su ta wani babban riba a tsoka taro.

Hada (nama, ko kiwo) asali shanu ne daban-daban daga sauran iri shanu domin ta versatility. Suna da biyu da yawan aiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa dabbobin suna da raya, ba kawai madara, amma kuma ingancin nama. Daya daga cikinsu za a iya bayyana sarai. Sa'an nan kuma suna magana ko dai zuwa ga madara-nama irin, ko don samar da nama da madara. Akwai da yawa. asali shanu nama da kiwo: Simmental, Bestuzhev, Schwyz, Kostroma da sauransu. Ba dole ne a ce cewa manoma sau da yawa zabi da shi domin su dilution a su Holdings.

Holstein

An dauke da mafi kowa daga kiwo da dabbobinku. A jama'ar da wannan irin, watakila mafi yawa a duniya. Ta mahaifarsa - da Netherlands, amma shi ya samu ta m iya aiki, ta ya riga ya samu a cikin nahiyar Amirka.

Holstein kiwo irin shanu shayarwa amfani don inganta sauran Black and White ratsi na shanu. Wadannan dabbobi a Kanada da kuma Amurka musamman don inganta, na kira da'a hadakai da su zuwa kara mai da kuma yawan da ake samu.

A girma 'yan maruƙa, kazalika da goyon baya da kuma ciyar da shanu da aka yi amfani da musamman fasahar, da nufin samar da wani sabon, mafi modernized kiwo dabbobi jinsunan. Saboda haka, a cikin wadannan kasashe, da babban yawan baki da fari RNC bambanta daga asalin abu.

An yi imani da cewa ingantaccen Holstein kiwo irin shanun da aka ba samu a sakamakon mararraba, da kuma ta m kiwo. Saboda haka dabbobi suna bambanta da kyau madara samarwa, manyan size da kuma damar da nono. Ba mamaki, da yawa daga rekordistok udoyu tsakanin shanu da irin da ba kawai.

Live bijimai nauyi kullum a cikin kewayon daga 950 zuwa 1200, kuma shanu - har zuwa 700 kg. Steers aka haife tare da jiki nauyi zuwa 47 kg, shãnu - 5 kg kasa. Udders na shanu ko kofin-dimbin yawa, ko wanka-dimbin yawa form. madara kwarara kudi jeri daga 3 zuwa 3.5 kg ga 1 minti daya. Per rana daga gare su, za ka iya samun game da 60-65 kg na madara a lokacin milking sau biyu.

Yaroslavl irin

Its sunan yayi magana don kansa. Yana da aka bred a cikin XIX karni a Yaroslavl lardin. Wannan ne yake aikata by selection na mafi kyau kiwo dabbobi daga cikin gida da dabbobinku. A cikin wasu nau'in shi ba a gauraye. Wannan ne hujja a cikin ta farko kwat da wando Yaroslavl kiwo irin shanu, kazalika da wani asali na waje da kuma babban mai abun ciki na sakamakon samfurin. Mafi yawan dabbobi ba madara yawan amfanin ƙasa, kai alamar 11 dubu. 600 kg na madara a kowace shekara. A fiye da rabin na Yaroslavl saniya ta madara da wani mai abun ciki na 4% da kuma sama.

Kholmogory irin

Yana da aka bred a cikin XVII karni a kan ƙasa da Arkhangelsk yankin da na kasa selection. Kwararru da yawa sun gaskata cewa kiwo irin shanu holmogorskaja da wani admixture na Dutch Black Pied.

Dabbobi suna da raya. Weight maruƙa a haihuwa ne tsakanin 30 da 35 kg. Su ne quite precocity. Weight of adult shanu dabam daga 530 zuwa 580, da kuma bijimai - 810-1000 kg. A talakawan farko calving faruwa a watanni 30.

Kiwo shuke-shuke tsunduma a namo Kholmogory irin, m talakawan amfanin ƙasa da dabbobi. A shekara ta 2004, ya kasance 5380 kg madara da wani mai abun ciki na 3,85% da kuma tsanani da tasiri 1.9 kg ga 1 minti daya.

Selection Kholmogory irin ci gaba da m kiwo tare da jini baki-motley Holstein. Dalilin nunawa - inganta inganci da madara da ake samu.

Red Steppe irin

Yana yana da biyu amfani ko rashin amfani. A tabbatacce halaye hada da kyau kwarai acclimatization iya aiki da kuma responsiveness zuwa mai kyau goyon baya da kuma ciyar. Disadvantages ne low mai abun ciki na madara, marigayi ripening, matalauta musculature da kuma wasu na waje flaws.

Manoma, shayarwa, wanda zai so a inganta ja steppe irin na shanu, dole ne ka farko kula da interbreed selection. Hali ya zama kamar a cikin madara, da kuma ta live nauyi. Kana bukatar kuma ka yi aiki don kara da abun ciki a cikin madara gina jiki da kuma kitse.

A ingancin samfurin a cikin daban-daban gonaki ne sosai daban-daban. Madara mai abun ciki na iya Range daga 3.3 zuwa 5.3%, wanda ya nuna kai tsaye zuwa da bukatar gudanar da wani zabin da mafi kyau dabbobi a cikin wannan irin.

Black-da-White irin

Wannan saniya shi ne musamman rare a Rasha. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da kiwo irin shanu baki-da-fari sun iya lashe amanar da yawa shayarwa saboda ta gwada high yawan aiki da kuma mai kyau damar for acclimatization.

Cikin akwati na dabba kadan mĩƙe ta, amma na gwargwado, a manyan nono. Launi baki-da-fari. Amma saboda akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin kaddarorin da gida da dabbobi da kuma yanayi, kazalika da a matakin da kiwo, da irin da aka kayyade da dama iri da kuma kungiyoyin. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin bayyanar da mai abun ciki na madara da kuma udoyu.

Saboda haka, black dabbare-dabbare da shanu a yankunan tsakiya na Rasha da aka samu ta hanyar su tsallaka ostfrizskogo kuma Dutch shanu da na gida Yaroslavl holmogorskoj da shanu. Har ila yau, akwai alamun impurities kuma shvitckoj Simmental breeds. Wadannan dabbobi ne quite manyan. Shanu ku auna nauyi zuwa 650, da kuma bijimai - game da 1000 kg. Madara yawan amfanin ƙasa ne mun gwada da high, amma har yanzu baya zuwa mai abun ciki na sauran kungiyoyin.

kiwo Features

A poslemolochny lokaci wanda yana daga 3-6 ga 24 watanni, dangane da irin, babban aiki ne wajen tabbatar da ganin al'ada ci gaba da kuma ci gaban shãnu, su dace hadi, kazalika da samuwar su matsakaicin madara yawan aiki.

Yawancin lokaci suna zuwa kashi shekaru kungiyoyin: 6-9, 9-12, 12-18 da kuma 18-24 watanni. Kowace kungiya dauke ba tare da wani leash a stalls a kan ƙasa da forage-yadi free-fuska ko a wani dakin da zurfin zuriyar dabbobi canzawa. The ruwa ake kawota ta hanyar mãsu shã.

A lokacin warmer watanni, shãnu yawanci suna tafiya a cikin makiyaya. Idan akwai bai isa ba abinci, sai ku yi taki, abin da ya kamata dauke da wani yawa na kore perennial da seeded shekara-shekara ciyawa, kazalika da fi mai da hankali. A cikin hunturu, da abinci ya zama rabin-board - sãfe da maraice. A rage cin abinci dole ne a gudanar: 25-30% fi mai da hankali 40-45% 28-33% silage da kuma hay. Amma duk da haka nama inganci kiwo irin shanu ba wadanda nau'in musamman bred don wannan samfurin.

Dole ne in ce cewa namo matasa shãnu a duk lokaci na bukatar halittar mafi kyau duka yanayi na su tabbatarwa da kuma ciyar. Wannan zai ƙwarai taimaka ga ci gaban da ake buƙata irin shanu da high madara yawan amfanin ƙasa.

farashin

Girma shanu don samar da nama ko madara - shi ne mai kyau da kuma kasuwanci da riba. Idan yanayin da ake sa a rafi, sa'an nan ba musamman da matsaloli ga mai shi, ba ya haifar da. Amma yana da daraja ambaton cewa kiwo shanu ga wanda Farashin ne dan kadan fi ga nama, bukatar yawa fiye da hankali.

Irin wannan aiki da shawara cewa mai shi yana na musamman ilmi da basira. Wajibi ne a yadda ya kamata magance batutuwan da suka shafi jindadin dabba a cikin rani da kuma hunturu kakar, yadda, da wanda ya mika da madara da kuma nama, abin da ya yi tare da taki, inda ya samu abinci, da sauransu .. Bugu da kari, dole ne mu iya fahimtar daban na dabbobi kuma san dukan farashin. Alal misali, kiwo irin shanu. Su farashin iya bambanta daga 40 zuwa 55 da dubu. Kuma a cikin 'yan maruƙa na game da 25 dubu. Rubles. Kawai bayan duk wadannan bayanai, za ka iya ci gaba da kiwo na shanu za a yi karatu.