Ivan Petrovich Pavlov: a takaice biography da taimako ga kimiyya

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, wani gajeren biography wanda za a yi la'akari da mu - Rasha physiologist, psychologist ta Nobel. Ya aka tsunduma a cikin tsari na narkewa kamar tsari, wani kimiyya na mafi girma m aiki. Duk da wannan, kazalika da sauran abubuwa da dangantaka da sunansa, kuma za mu tattauna a wannan talifin.

Origin da kuma horo a Ryazan

Satumba 26, 1849 An haife shi a birnin Ryazan, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi zai zama bai cika ba idan ba mu yi wata magana game da iyalinsa. Ivan ta mahaifinsa, Peter D., wani Ikklesiya firist. Varvara Ivanovna, uwar Ivan Petrovich, ya jagoranci iyali. A hoto a kasa ya nuna gidan Pavlov Ryazan, wanda shi ne yanzu a gidan kayan gargajiya.

Future masanin kimiyya ya fara karatu a Ryazan ruhaniya makaranta. Bayan kammala karatu a 1864, ya sa suna a cikin Ryazan tauhidin Seminary. Daga baya Ivan cikawa tuna da wannan lokaci. Ya lura da cewa, ya yi sa'a ya koya daga babban malamai. Ivan Pavlov hadu a bara a seminary tare da littafin "numfashinsa na Brain" I. M. Sechenova. Ita ce ta m masa abin rekõdinsa.

Motsi zuwa St. Petersburg don ci gaba da koyo

A shekara ta 1870, nan gaba masanin kimiyya yanke shawarar shigar da dokar baiwa na St. Petersburg University. Duk da haka, Ivan Pavlov karatu a nan kawai 17 days. Ya yanke shawarar canza wurin zuwa da wata halitta da rabuwar wani baiwa kimiyyar lissafi da kuma lissafi. Ivan karatu tare da Farfesa Tsion, F. V. Ovsyannikova. A takaice, ya kasance sha'awar da Physiology dabbobi. Bugu da kari, Ivan Petrovich kishin yawa lokaci zuwa binciken na juyayi tsari, kasancewa a gaskiya bin Sechenov.

Bayan samun digiri, da ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatu, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Brief biography alama da isowa daga hannunsa na dama zuwa na uku Hakika na Medical-M Academy. A 1879 Pavlov sauke karatu daga wannan makaranta da kuma fara aiki a asibitin Botkin. Ga Ivan gangarawa Physiology dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Horon da kasashen waje, aikin a wani asibitin Botkin da Soja Medical Academy

Domin lokacin daga 1884 zuwa 1886 da dangantaka da horon a Jamus da kuma Faransa, bayan wadda masana kimiyya koma aiki a asibitin Botkin. Pavlova a 1890 yanke shawara su yi wani farfesa a pharmacology da kuma aika zuwa Soja Medical Academy. Bayan shekaru 6, masana kimiyya sun aka jagorancin sashen Physiology nan. Ya za ka bar shi kawai a 1926.

Gwaji da Sham ciyar

Lokaci guda tare da wannan aikin Ivan Petrovich karatu da Physiology jini wurare dabam dabam, narkewa, mafi girma m aiki. Ya riƙe ta a hannun shahara 1890 gwaji tare da Sham ciyar. The masanin kimiyyar ya furta cewa, cikin juyayi tsarin taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matakai na narkewa. Alal misali, kan aiwatar da mugunya auku a biyu bulan. A farko daga gare su - a juyayi reflex, bi da humoral da kuma na asibiti.

A binciken da na reflexes, cancanci awards

Bayan wannan ya fara ne a yi dubi cikin mafi girma da juyayi aiki na Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Brief biography ne complemented ta sabon aukuwa. Ya samu gagarumin sakamako a nazarin da numfashinsa. A 1903, a shekaru 54, ya sanya a kan faruwa a Madrid, International Medical Congress tare da rahoton Pavlov Ivan Petrovich. Taimako ga kimiyya da masanin kimiyyar bai je kada a gane. Domin nasarori a cikin binciken na narkewa kamar matakai a gaba, a cikin 1904, ya aka bayar da kyautar Nobel.

Scientist a 1907 zama memba na Rasha Academy of Sciences. Royal Society of London a 1915 ba shi da Copley mindar.

Halayen wajen juyin juya halin

Pavlov kira da Oktoba juyin juya halin "Bolshevik gwaji." Da farko ya dauki farincikin canje-canje a rayuwar kuma lalle ne dã ganin kammala aiki. Ya an ɗauke a West kawai a Rasha wani free jama'a. Hukumomi mayar da martani da idon ga m masanin kimiyya. V. I.Lenin ko da ya sanya hannu a 1921 ta musamman umurnin a kan kafa yanayi na al'ada aikin da rai na Pavlov da iyalinsa.

Amma bayan wani alhãli kuwa, shi frustrating. Mass fitar kasashen waje fice wakilan kawo dukkan, da aka kama da abokai da abokan aiki sun nuna duk inhumanity wannan "gwaji". Fiye da sau daya, Ivan Petrovich ya bayyana tare da matsayi, m ga hukumomi. Ya gigice jawabansa shugabannin jam'iyyar. Pavlov bai yarda "karfafa aiki da horo" a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje karkashin jagorancin shi. Ya ce cewa bincike tawagar ba za a iya daidaita zuwa ga ma'aikata, da na hankalin mutum aikin kamata ba za a belittled. A CPC fara karbar magani Ivan Petrovich domin a saki wadanda aka kama, ya san, kazalika da ta dakatar da tsõro, danniya da zalunci na coci a kasar.

Matsalolin ci karo Pavlov

Duk da cewa Pavlov bai dauki yawa daga abin da ke faruwa a kasar, da ya kullum yi aiki da dukan ƙarfinsa domin amfanin da motherland. Ya m ruhu da kuma nufin kome zai iya karya. A lokacin yakin basasa, masanin kimiyya aiki a Soja Medical Academy, inda ya sanar da Physiology. An sani cewa dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka ba mai tsanani, don haka da gwaje-gwajen da ya zauna a wani Jawo gashi kuma hat. Idan akwai wani haske, Pavlov sarrafa tare da mika wutar (ta gudanar da mataimakin). Ivan Petrovich, ko da a cikin duhu shekaru na goyon bayan da abokan aiki. Laboratory tsira godiya ga kokarin da matsananci 20s bai daina ayyukan.

Saboda haka Pavlov ya dauki juyin juya halin a matsayin dukan barnatar. Ya rayu a cikin talauci a lokacin yakin basasa, don haka akai-akai tambayi Soviet gwamnati a kwato shi daga kasar. Ya yi wa'adi kyautata kudi halin da ake ciki, amma gwamnatin yi sosai kadan a cikin wannan shugabanci. A karshen an sanar a Koltushi Cibiyar Physiology (1925). Wannan institute da kuma karkashin jagorancin Paul. Ya yi aiki a can har ya kashe shi.

A Birnin Leningrad, a watan Agusta 1935 shi ne 15 ga watan Duniya Congress of Physiologists. Pavlov aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kasa. Duk malaman hada baki su rusuna wa Ivan Petrovich. Shi ne mai kimiyya rabo Pavlov, da amincewa da babban muhimmanci da ya aiki.

By karshe shekaru na rayuwar Ivan Petrovich nasa tafiya zuwa ƙasarsa ta Ryazan. Ga shi kuma aka gaishe sosai warmly. Ivan Petrovich shirya wani liyafar.

Mutuwar Ivan Petrovich

Ivan Pavlov ya mutu a Birnin Leningrad, Fabrairu 27, 1936. Dalilin mutuwa - ciwon huhu aggravated. Ya bar baya da wani yawan nasarori, wanda shi ne magana dabam.

Babban nasarorin da masanin kimiyyar

Works of Ivan Pavlov a kan Physiology na narkewa, sanã'anta mafi girma na kasa da kasa fitarwa, da samar da kuzari ga bunkasuwar Physiology a wani sabon shugabanci. Shi ne game da Physiology na mafi girma m aiki. Wannan yanki masanin kimiyya Pavlov Ivan Petrovich kishin kimanin shekaru 35 da ransa. Shi ne mahaliccin na hanyar da sharadi reflexes. A binciken da shafi tunanin mutum matakai gudana a cikin jikin dabbobi da amfani da wannan hanya ya kai ga ci gaban da kwakwalwa sunadaran da koyo da kuma mafi girma m aiki. A 1913, don aiwatar da gwaje-gwajen da dangantaka da sharadi reflexes, an gina wani gini da biyu hasumiya, wadda ake kira "hasumiyoyin shiru". Ga na farko uku da aka sanye take da musamman kyamarori, da kuma a 1917 ya shiga aiki biyar more.

Ya kamata a lura, da kuma wani bude Pavlova Ivana Petrovicha. The abin yabo daga koyarwarsa ne da ci gaban abin da su ne iri mafi girma m aiki. Ya kuma nasa ne da rukunan "tsauri stereotype" (hadaddun halayen wasu kasashe) da kuma sauran nasarori.

Pavlov Ivan Petrovich, da bayar da gudunmawar magani ba za a iya overstated, a 1918, ya fara gudanar da bincike a wani asibitin masu tabin hankali. A nasa himma a shekarar 1931 shi da aka halicci sashen da na asibiti tushe. I. P. Pavlov daga Nuwamba 1931 gudanar da kimiyya taron a tabin hankali kananan dakunan shan magani da kuma juyayi - abin da ake kira "asibiti muhalli."

Waɗannan su ne babban nasarori Ivana Petrovicha Pavlova. Wannan shi ne wani babban malamin, wanda sunan shi da amfani a tuna.