Zhostovo tire: tarihi da hanyoyin da shawara. Zhostovo zanen a kan trays

Bright kyawawan furanni: wardi, peonies, daisies, manta-ni, chrysanthemums da furannin kwarin (ba shi yiwuwa a lissafa su duka), artfully warwatse m hannun artist a duhu m karfe surface - gargajiya Zhostovo zanen farantansa. Musamman jama'a art na Rasha, wadda ba a analogues!

A tarihin zamanin da Rasha kama kifi yana da kusan 2 ƙarni, da kuma a lokacin wannan lokacin da samfurin Zhostovo Masters ba kawai bai rasa da shahararsa da kuma kyakkyawa, amma, a maimakon haka, tsiwirwirinsu ko mafi shahararsa a duk faɗin duniya da kuma wadãtar da m ra'ayoyi na yau matasa artists.

The asalin Zhostovo crafts

Yau, wani zamani uwargida za ta zama farin ciki da samun kyautar real Zhostovo tire, wanda za a iya amfani ba kawai domin ta nufi utilitarian manufa, amma kuma a matsayin asali ado kitchen ciki. Hakazalika, mata sun farin ciki da kuma a farkon na XIX karni., Sa'ad da suka yi irin wannan kyakkyawa.

Amma ba ko da yaushe. Art Zhostovo zanen fara dauki siffar a Rasha a cikin marigayi XVIII karni. Sai a wannan lokaci sun hada da na farko farantansa, kwalaye, snuff kwalaye, taba lokuta, duk wani nau'i na kwalaye, da dai sauransu, fentin a da dabara na lacquer miniatures, wanda aka sanya a cikin kauyuka na Moscow gundumar: .. Ostashkovo, Triniti, Novosiltsev Sorokin Zhostovo.

A hankali, da samar da farantansa samuwa a raba hanya, da kuma rawa wajen yin su sandararru dauka Zhostovo kauyen. Ba zato ba tsammani, da farko trays sanya gaba ɗaya na papier-mache. Yanzu muna riga wuya su yi tunanin Zhostovo tire sanya daga irin wannan abu.

Kara ci gaba da na art Zhostovo

A 1825, Osip Filippovich Vishnyakov bitar da aka bude a Zhostovo. Shi ne daga wannan taron kasancewa da Chronology na zama na raba Zhestovskaya jama'a sana'o'i. Hakika, wannan bitar da aka ba daya kawai. A hankali shirya da kuma sauran m: Yegor Vishnyakov a kusa da} auyensu Ostashkovo, A. A. Zaytseva cikin Triniti kauyen. A shahararsa na kayayyakin da aka babbar! To shi sayar Zhostovo tire a Moscow, St. Petersburg da kuma sauran birane.

A 1830 Zhostovo da kuma makwabta kauyuka ya bude da dama shagunan, cikin wadanda suka kafa wanda suka EF Belyaev, T. M. Belyaev, FV Shapkin, V. L. Leontev da kuma JS Kolomna. A hankali, da samar da girma, kayayyakin yi da hannu sun zama daina sanya na papier-mache, kuma daga cikin mafi m da zamani abu - baƙin ƙarfe.

Almara artists Zhostovo

A hankali, sabon haife, saba mana duk Zhostovo tire. Tarihi adana a gefen tarihin, gaya yadda hankali fiye da mafi talented kananan manoma da hannu a cikin aikin fasaha nazarinsa. Yana da ban mamaki nawa iyawa ya bayyana a cikin talakawa, m serfs. A farko master, wanda aka ambata a cikin tarihi takardu a 1839, ya mai serf na Count Sheremetev - Veshnyakov Philipp Nikitin, ya shiga cikin zanen trays tare da dansa. Kamar wancan ne aka haifa a Zhostovo m daular.

Mafi shahara Masters Zhostovo tire: œ Burbyshev (a kan wannan artist a Zhostovo ne almara, don haka shi ne a virtuoso), NM Tsaplagin, AE Vishnyakov, K. V. Gribkov, I. S. Leontev , D. S. Kledov, P. S. Kurzin, I. A. Savelev, MR Mitrofanov, A. P. Gogin, I. P. Plahov, BV kirga. Duk wadannan shugabanninmu da yawa wasu sun bar mai zurfi alama a cikin art na Zhostovo, cewa su aka halitta ƙwarai ayyukan Zhostovo miniatures kunshe a cikin zinariya asusun cinikai.

Zhostovo tire - samar da fasaha

The asali samar da fasaha Zhostovo tire goge a tsawon shekaru. The master yana mai yawa dabaru na kasuwanci, su ba daya za a raba. Saboda haka abin da game kawai a general sharuddan, ba za ka iya gaya wa yi na kayayyakin Zhostovo fasaha.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ta zamani, farantansa an sanya ƙarfe. Suna iya samun mafi m tsari, shi duka dogara da asali ra'ayin artist. Kafin zanen tire dole ne a hankali goge da kuma rufe da wata biyu Layer share fage da tattalin dangane da carbon baki da kuma kaolin. Sa'an nan da workpiece an ƙasa sake, da kuma aka rufe da dama yadudduka na launin lacquer. A cikinsu kowane Layer dole ne sosai bushe da kuma daidai goge.

Bugu da ari Manufacturing Zhostovo trays fitowa zuwa mataki na gaba. Bayan duk shiri aikin samfurin na shirye zanen, da kuma kara aiki a kan shi yana farawa a master artist. Zanen Zhostovo tire gargajiyance sanya tare da fenti. Bayan ta kammala, da samfurin sake a mahara yadudduka rufi da varnish, bi da bushewa da kuma polishing ƙãre tire don goya kusan specular mai sheki.

M dabaru da kuma siffofi da Zhostovo zanen

M dabaru Zhostovo zanen suna ta asalin daga gargajiya Rasha lacquer miniatures, amma, ba shakka, suna da nasu halaye. Dalili iya watakila za a kira juna da haske launuka a kan wani duhu baya da kuma ado qagaggun zinariya ado. Fage Zhostovo tire ne ba dole ba ne baki, zai iya zama abin da kake so launi: ja, ruwan kasa, kore, shudi da ocher. Wani lokaci akwai songs yi a kan Potali (kwaikwayo na zinariya), uwar lu'u-lu'u, ko da wani haske, kusan farin, amma shi ne wajen wani sabawa daga dokokin shibtarsu da artist ta kwatanci.

Zhestovsky tire ana fentin a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa cibiyar da abun da ke ciki (flower furannin) su ne mafi girma da kuma haske launuka, wanda su ne main mayar da hankali ne directed. Kusa da gefuna da abubuwa na bouquet suna zama karami da kuma duhu, kamar yadda idan suka ci tare da bango. Game da shi cimma wata na gani da zurfi da girma zanen. Zhostovo furanni suna rubuta ba daga yanayi, mafi sau da yawa suna matukar, da yawa daga cikin image dogara a kan m kwatanci na master.

Babban motifs da jigogi

Babban muradi Zhostovo zanen hanya ne duk wani nau'i na fure motifs, da dama wanda ba lambobin! Zhostovo zanen bãyukansu zuwa dama iri na gargajiya abun da ke ciki. Flowers za a iya tattara a manyan bouquets kunshi 3-5 inflorescences, Zagayawar a cikin kwanduna ko dai a sanya tutocin furanni kewayen kewaye da tire.

Wani lokaci zanen za a iya supplemented da images of berries, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da tsuntsãye. Akwai samfurori Zhostovo zanen, kamar tsoho kayan ado Dutch har yanzu lifes. Duk da cewa da shuka jawo matukar isa, a nan ne duk da ãyõyin easel zanen: da hankali ga daki-daki, ga general launi, free improvisation.

Zhostovo trays: yadda za a zana mataki-mataki

A dukan tsari na zanen da tire za a iya raba 4, saukarwa. Farko da ake kira "zamalevka": a cikin samfurin kamar yadda pounces razbelennymi paints wani Generic silhouette na gaba hoto, da wuri daga cikin babban aibobi.

Suna bi ta "tenezhka" da "hatimi": da aikace-aikace na m inuwa da kuma nadi na m launuka daga cikin haske wurare. Bayan haka, siffar da furanni da kuma ganye ne mafi wasu.

The uku mataki - blikovka: aikace-aikace na bleaching foda azumi smears. Da taimakon duk kayyade yawa.

Kuma a karshe, bi da wani karshe 4th mataki a kan abin da "chertezhka" da "dauri". Tare da lafiya sosai goge Master resilient m kewaye Lines encircles kowane ganye da kuma kunnen fure fa, tã twigs da kuma cikakken bayani, wanda ake kira nauyin.

Yiwuwa ga ci gaban crafts

A halin yanzu Zhostovo m crafts fuskantar wuya sau. 90-ies karni na karshe, da nazarinsa kasance a karkashin kula da kuma kudi na jihar, bayan perestroika da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da factory shige cikin zaman kansa hannuwanku. Yanzu da kusurwa-dutse da riba, ba da adana hadisai da kuma m tsarin kula da sana'a.

Yawan artists a cikin sha'anin an rage muhimmanci. Mutane da yawa artists fara aiki da kansa a gida. Yana da za'ayi da yawa na masu zaman kansu umarni, kurkuku ba kawai ta Zhostovo tire. Modern Masters sau da yawa aiki a kan zanen wani iri-iri batutuwa: daga refrigerators da wayoyin hannu ga kwalabe na tsada ruwan inabi haraji. A ambaliya na talented matasa - makaranta digiri Fedoskino lacquer miniatures kwanan nan ki. Duk da haka, kamfanin yana zaune, yana aiki tare da ƙaddamar da kuma addini a nan gaba.

Yadda za a samu to Zhostovo?

Domin duk wanda ya so ka Masana kusa da tarihi da kuma ma'adanin na Zhostovo kamfanin shirya wani ban sha'awa 5-hour tafiye-tafiye zuwa master aji. Lokacin da factory ne kullum aiki shagon inda za ka iya saya kayayyakin da crafts, kamar yadda suka ce, "tare da kadan daga cikin zãfi."

Don samun daga Moscow zuwa Zhostovo akwai wani ƙunci. Muna bukatar cin nasara da dukan 50 km a kan karauka a cikin shugabanci Ostashkovskoe Mytishchi gundumar. Zaka kuma iya sauƙi isa can ta jirgin kasa, ko bas. Wani zabin daga Medvedkovo Metro zuwa Zhostovo kullum motar jigila lambar 438.