Isaac Babel: biography da ayyukansu

Babel Isaak Emmanuilovich, wanda biography da aka gabatar a cikin labarin - marubuci, fassara, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, essayist. Ya real name - Bobel, kamar yadda ya aka sani a karkashin pseudonyms na Bab-el, kuma K. Lyutov. Mutumin da aka harbe da Bolsheviks a 1940. A shekarar 1954 ya aka posthumously gyara da Ishaku Babel.

Tarihinsa fara Yuni 30 (Yuli 12) a 1894. A sa'an nan da Is'hãƙa Emmanuilovich aka haife shi a Odessa. Mahaifinsa Emmanuel Isaakovich Bobel.

Yara, da lokacin na binciken

A lokacin farkon yara, nan gaba marubuci ya rayu a Odessa, kusa da Odessa. A cikin shekaru 9 da shekaru da haihuwa, sai ya shiga gida Commercial College. Count Witte. A shekara daga baya, ya canjawa wuri zuwa Odessa Commercial School mai suna Nicholas I. Babel ya kammala karatunsa a 1911. By wannan lokaci ya goge da karatu. Babel ya darussa PS Stolarski, sanannen mawaki. Har ila yau, nan gaba marubuci ya m na ayyukan Faransa mawallafa. A nema na addini, mahaifin yayin Babel mai tsanani tsunduma a cikin binciken na Hebrew harshe. Ya karanta Ibrananci nassosi. Isaac Emmanuilovich samu title na girmamawa jama'a bayan nasara kammala horo a Odessa Commercial School. A lokaci guda, ya yi amfani da kudin shiga da tattalin arziki da sashen na Kiev Commercial Cibiyar. Babel da aka shigar ga Institute, kuma domin da yawa shekaru zauna a Kiev. Ilimi, ya kammala karatunsa tare da karrama a 1916, samun muƙamin na dan takarar.

A farko buga aiki, rayuwa a Saratov

A Kiev mujallar "Lights" Babel ta farko da aikin da aka buga - da labarin "Old Shloyme". Bayan fashewa da Rasha-German yaki, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich aka lasafta a cikin mayakan, amma bai shiga cikin tashin.

A 1915, Babel ya shiga cikin shekara ta huɗu na Petrograd Psycho-neurological institute (Faculty of Law). Duk da haka, ya ba kammala karatu daga wannan ma'aikata. A 1915, Babel wani lokaci a cikin Saratov. A nan sai ya halicci wani labarin mai taken "Yara. Kaka", bayan da ya koma zuwa Petrograd.

A farko ganawar da Gorky

Gamuwa da Maxim Gorky ya faru a cikin kaka na 1916 a cikin mujallar "Chronicle". "Mama, Rimma da Alla" da "Elia Isaakovich da Margarita Prokofyevna" - A watan Nuwamba 1916, biyu daga cikin labarin na Babel aka buga a cikin wannan mujallar. A cikin wannan shekara a cikin "Journal of cikin mujallu" Petrograd edition bayyana jerin makala, sõyayya a karkashin sunan "My zanen gado."

Kamar yadda kafa a 1928 "tarihin rayuwar" Ishaku Emmanuilovich, magana game da taron na farko da Gorky lura da cewa bashi duk abin da ya ta da har yanzu yana magana da sunan marubucin da godiya da soyayya.

Rayuwa Babel "a cikin mutane"

IE Babel, wanda biography ne alama ta abota da Gorky, rubuta cewa, ya sanar da shi wani muhimmanci sosai abubuwa, sa'an nan, a lokacin da ya juya waje cewa da dama daga cikin yaro abubuwan da aka tsarki sa'a cewa, ya rubuta cewa mugun, Maxim Gorky aiko shi "ga mutane." Babel da aka ambata a cikin "tarihin rayuwar", cewa ya "ya tafi da mutanen da" for 7 shekaru (1917-24 gg.). A wannan lokaci ya kasance wani soja, ya kasance a kan Romanian gaban. Babel ya kuma yi aiki a waje sashen na KGB fassara. A shekarar 1918, ya texts aka buga a cikin jaridar "New Life". A wannan shekara, a lokacin rani Ishaku Babel dauki bangare a cikin abinci expeditions, shirya Mutane ta Commissariat.

Tsakanin karshen 1919 zuwa farkon 1920, ya rayu a Odessa Ishaku Babel. Brief biography na marubuci ƙara sabon muhimmanci events. A marubuci bauta a jihar Publishing House of Ukraine, inda ya shugabanci bugu sashen. A cikin bazara na 1920 a karkashin sunan Lyutova Kirill Vasilyevich Yugrosta wakilinmu, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich tafi da farko sojojin doki Army. A nan sai ya zauna watanni da dama. A marubuci kiyaye a diary, kuma wallafa makala da articles a cikin jaridar "Red mahayan dawakansa." Bayan wahala da zazzaɓi, a karshen 1920, Emmanuilovich Ishaku koma zuwa Odessa.

New Content, rayuwa a Moscow

A 1922-1923 gg. Babel ya fara rayayye buga su a jaridu da Odessa ( "Sailor", "News" da "silhouettes"), kazalika da a cikin mujallar "lawa". Daga cikin wadannan kayayyakin kamata a lura da wadannan labaru "sarki", hada a sake zagayowar "Odessa labarai" da "Grishuk" (da'ira "Red mahayan"). Kusan dukan 1922 zauna a Batumi Babel. Tarihinsa da aka alama kuma ziyarci wasu Jojiyanci birane.

A shekarar 1923, marubucin ya kafa links tare da Moscow marubuta. Ya fara da za a buga a cikin "Red Virgin gona," a "LEF", a "Haske", kazalika a "Pravda" ( "Odessa Stories" da kuma litattafan daga "Red mahayan"). Duk da yake har yanzu a cikin Odessa, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich hadu Vladimir Mayakovsky. Sa'an nan, bayan Babel karshe ya koma Moscow, ya sanya abokai da yawa marubuta ne a nan - da Voronsky A., S. Yesenin, D. Furmanov. Note cewa a karon farko da Ishaku Emmanuilovich rayu a Sergiev Posad (kusa Moscow).

Shahararsa, kerawa, rabi na biyu na 1920s

A cikin tsakiyar 1920s, ya zama daya daga cikin rare marubuta a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Kawai a cikin shekara ta 1925 mai raba edition aka buga uku collections na gajeren labaru. A farko sa na Babel halitta labarai na "Red sojan doki" da aka saki wadannan shekara. Daga baya ya] uwa. Isaac Babel shirya ya rubuta 50 litattafan, amma an buga shi 37, na karshen su ne ake kira "Argamak".

A shekara ta 1925, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich fara aiki a kan halittar rubutun, "Benya Krik", da kuma sauke karatu daga play "The Sunset". A cikin rabi na biyu na 1920s, da Ishaku, Babel rubuta (a kalla buga) kusan duk ya fi kyau ayyukansu. A ci gaba da shekaru 15 na rayuwar Babel kara kawai sosai kadan ga wannan cibiya na gado ne. A 1932-33 Ishaku Emmanuilovich yi aiki a kan play "Maryamu." Ya halitta a yawan sabon "konarmeyskih" litattafan da gajejjeran labaru, mafi yawa autobiographical ( "GI De Mopassan", "farkawa", da dai sauransu). A wannan lokaci, da marubuci kuma kammala da screenplay "yawo Stars" a kan litattafan Sholom Aleichem.

"Red sojan doki"

A cikin tsakiyar 1920s, da ya faru a cikin adabi ya sa mamaki. By Babel short labarin "Red mahayan" shi ne rashin ko ga cewa lokaci directness da sharpness na images of kisan-kiyashi da kuma jini events na yakin basasa. A lokaci guda ayyukansa suna halin da m ladabi da jawabin, mai ladabi style. Babel, wanda biography nuna cewa ya ya saba da yakin basasa ganin an, tare da musamman sharpness ake bayyana ta jini events. A cikin wadannan uku al'adu yadudduka da aka shiga tsakani, wannan ne mai wuya ga rarraba a tarihin kasar. Muna magana ne game da Yahudawa, da Rasha kawo dukkan da mutane. A sakamakon wannan karo halitta da halin kirki da kuma m duniya na Babel ta litattafan, cike da sa zuciya da kuma wahala, basira da kuma ban tausayi kuskure. "Red mahayan" nan da nan ya sa a sosai kaifi muhawara a cikin abin da daban-daban wuraren view arangama. A musamman, kwamandan farko doki SM Budyonny dauki wannan aiki a matsayin defamation na Reds. Amma Voronsky A. kuma M. Gorky yi imani da cewa zurfin siffar mutum kaddara a cikin rikice-rikice na cikin yakin basasa, duk da haka, ba farfaganda - cewa, babban aiki na marubuci.

"Odessa Stories"

Babel ya "Odessa Stories" wanda aka nuna romanticized Odessa Moldavanka. Ta zuciya ya fara Benya Krik, "daraja" ɗan fashi. A littafin ne sosai m, lyrically da pathetically wakilta ironist-rai na Odessa yan kasuwa da kuma Mahara, visionaries da sages. Ya ne wanda aka nuna a matsayin idan wucewa epoch. "Odessa Stories" (wasa "Sunset" ya da wani zaɓi batutuwa na biyu littafin) yana daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a Rasha adabi tsakiyar 20-ies karni na karshe. Suna da wani babban tasiri a kan aikin da dama marubuta, daga gare su - I. Ilf da Petrov.

Tafiya a kan Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kasashen waje tafiye-tafiye

A shekara ta 1925, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich yawa tafiyarka a kusa da Tarayyar Soviet (kudu da Rasha, Voronezh lardin, Kiev, Leningrad). Da ya tattara kayan game da abubuwan kwanan nan na yakin basasa, shi ne magatakarda na kauye majalisa a kauyen Molodenovo located a kan Moscow River. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1927 a karon farko za a kasashen waje Babel. Tarihinsa ne alama na farko tafiya zuwa Paris, sa'an nan - a Berlin. Tafiye-tafiye a kasashen waje tun lokacin zama kusan kowace shekara har sai 1936. A 1935, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich ƙaddamar da wani rahoto a cikin tsaro na al'adu a Paris Congress of Writers.

Ganawa da Gorky

Sau da yawa, Babel hadu Maxim Gorky, wanda a hankali ya bi aiki da kuma goyan bayan shi. Bayan mutuwar dan Gorky, Maxim Peshkov, Aleksey Maksimovich gayyace Ishaku Emmanuilovich wa nunin faifai. Ga ya rayu daga May zuwa Yuni 1934. A wannan shekara, a watan Agusta, Babel ya gabatar da jawabi a lokacin ina All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers.

Babel: biography da kuma aikin na biyu da rabi na 1930s.

A cikin rabi na biyu na 1930s aikin Isaaka Emmanuilovicha Associated yafi tare da wallafe-wallafen kerawa magani daga sauran marubuta. A musamman, Babel da yin aiki a wani screenplay da wadannan: Bisa ga samfurin "yaya da Karfe da aka zafin" Ostrovsky, dangane da waka "Duma pro Opanas" Sun. Bagritsky, kazalika a kan screenplay na Maxim Gorky. Ya kuma halicci ayyukan Turgenev karbuwa ga cinema. Muna magana ne game da wani fim din rubutun da ake kira "Bezhin Meadow" for SM Eisenstein. Wannan fim, dole ne in ce, an dakatar da lalata kamar yadda "ra'ayi ma'ana". Duk da haka, wannan bai karya marubuci da Ishaku Babel. Biography da kuma aikin da ya shaida cewa ya ba ke bi daraja.

A 1937, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich ruwaito a cikin latsa game da ƙarshen wasa na G. Kotovsky, kuma bayan shekaru biyu - a kan rubutun for "Old Square". Lokacin da marubuci ta rayuwa, duk da haka, ba a buga, babu wani daga wadannan ayyuka. A cikin kaka na shekarar 1936, ya zo na karshe tarin labarunsa. Last yi na Babel a buga - shi ta Sabuwar Shekara buri, wanda aka buga Disamba 31, 1938 a cikin "Literary jarida".

Aka kama, da kuma yanke hukuncin kisa fi

Biography Babel Dates ci gaba da cewa May 15, 1939 a Moscow da Ishaku Emmanuilovich Apartment, kuma a kan dacha located in Peredelkino (inda ya kasance a wancan lokacin), aka bincike. A lokacin search su kãmã 24 fayil tare da rubuce-rubucen. Daga bisani, sun kasance bã su samu a cikin archives na FGC. Yuni 29-30, bayan jerin m tambaya, Babel ya shaida. Daga bisani, a cikin da dama kalamai ya ƙi su. A wani jawabin da aka ba a shari'a, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich tambayi don a samu damar kammala su latest aiki. Duk da haka, ya kasance ba su yi haka. Isaac Emmanuilovich yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Janairu 27, 1940 aka kashe Babel. Taqaitaccen Tarihin ta iyakar haka cewa marubuci ta jiki a wannan rana da aka cremated a Donskoy sufi.

14 Bayan shekaru, a cikin 1954, da Ishaku, Emmanuilovich aka cikakken gyara, saboda ayyukansa bai sami tarin rubuce-rubuce delicti. Bayan haka, shawara kewaye kaddara da kuma aikin sake maido. Ba su gushe wannan rana. Babel, biography da kerawa na wanda muka tattauna - marubuci, tare da ayyukan da, ba shakka, shi ne don Masana.