Mutane da yawa, har da waɗanda suka adores shi, da ba ka san innabi - wani 'ya'yan itace ko berries. Wannan shuka, ba tare da wanda tarihin 'yan adam zai iya ci gaba sosai daban, girma a cikin kasashe daban-daban fiye da 7 da dubu. Years. A wannan yanayin, da manoma bai damu ba, inabi - shi ne 'ya'yan itace ko berries. Domin gare su shi ne muhimmin abin da ya yi mai yawa da amfani Properties na mutum.
Description of inabi
Wannan inji na HALITTAR tsire, na ga iyali na Vitaceae Juss. Tohonta, kai wani tsawon mitoci da dama, da aka sani da inabi. Tun da inabi - shi ne 'ya'yan itace ko berries? Amsar wannan tambaya shi ne unambiguous. Domin duk da morphological siffofin da 'ya'yan itatuwa na wannan shuka ne berries. Its kananan furanni suna tattara a cikin kananan florets (hadaddun goga ko tsintsiya). Inabi ne iska-pollinated, ko da yake za a iya pollinated da kwari. Akwai da dama iri na furanni: hermaphrodite, namiji, aikin namiji, da gaske mata, aikin mace. A duk ya dogara da mataki na ci gaba a cikin namiji da mace sassa. Inabi kyawawan sauri ta shiga wani lokaci fruiting. Shi ne undemanding ga kasar gona, don haka shi ke tsiro da kyau ko da a kan stony kasa. Inabi yana da kyau adaptability da kuma gwada da fari-resistant.
Asalin da inabi
Akwai da dama da ra'ayinta game da wurin asalin da inabi. A cewar daya daga version, da haifuwa na wannan ban mamaki shuka aka dauke su Asiya Ƙananan. A gefe - Caucasus da kuma Rum Coast. A wannan daji innabi siffofin an rarraba a duk faɗin duniya tun kafin bayyanar da al'adu siffofin. Tsaba gano by archaeologists nuna cewa inabi girma a Duniya miliyan 60 da suka wuce. Na 250 jinsunan shuke-shuke, kowa a wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropical bangarori na biyu hemispheres, akwai fiye da 70 na girma a temperate da dumi canjin yanayin na Arewa Hemisphere.
A bambancin da
Inabi, photos da nuna da babbar dama da jinsin da iri, dubban shekaru da haihuwa da aka zaba. A lokaci guda, mutum ya nemi ya kara da sinadirai masu Properties daga cikin 'ya'yan wannan shuka. A lokacin, shi ne janye game da 3 da dubu. Daban-daban iri. inabi halayyar dogara a kan da yawa sigogi. Don kwanan wata, akwai da dama daga cikin teams. Dangane da dũkiyarsu da kuma manufar inabi ya kasu kashi fasaha, cin abinci, m kuma seedless iri. Sun kuma suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin sharuddan cikar ƙarfinku. Akwai marigayi kuma farkon iri.
Halaye na inabi
A size berries wannan shuka ne ma sosai daban-daban. Saboda haka, mafi yawan su suna da wani kananan diamita na kasa da 10 mm. Suna bi ta kananan, matsakaici, manyan berries. A diamita daga cikin mafi girma shi ne sau da yawa mafi girma daga 25 mm. Kamar yadda bambancin da launuka na inabi. Masana sun bambanta haske kore, da ruwan hoda, ja, amber, rawaya, shuɗi, da shunayya, black iri. Kwasfa berries rufe waxy shafi kira pruinom. Yana iya zama bakin ciki da kuma m, ko lokacin farin ciki da karfi. Daga da tsarin dogara a kan ikon da innabi adana, to lalata da kuma ta dandano da kwanciyar hankali. Daban-daban iri bambanta ba kawai da launi na berries, amma kuma ta su form. Suna iya zama m, zagaye, ovoid, mĩƙe ko elongated. Inabi na daban-daban iri bambanta a cikin jiki. Yana iya zama mai yawa, m, kintsattse. Abin lura shi ne cewa ba kawai fari inabi iya zama da albarkatun kasa domin samar da haske giya da juices. Suna sanya daga berries da cewa suna da wani launin fata. Mai irin inabi ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne kusan colorless, amma akwai ma duhu berries, tare da wanda ya na da wani tsanani ruwan inabi-ja launi.
Ku ɗanɗani ingancin berries
Mun riga san innabi - shi ya'yan itace, ko berries, kuma a yanzu ya kamata kula da ingancin amfanin. Duk da bambancin da iri, masana rarrabe tsakanin 'yan manyan kungiyoyin, ha kama dandano iri, ciki har da:
• kowa (tsaka tsaki) hada acid da zaƙi, amma ba ta da wata rarrabe siffofin.
• Solanaceae, dandani kamar 'ya'yan na herbaceous shuke-shuke.
• Muscat - wani karfi halayyar dandano;
• Isabella, cikinsa da turare na strawberry, blackcurrant da abarba da kuma ciwon mucous ɓangaren litattafan almara.
girma inabi
Kusan kowa ya san cewa gida innabi yafi amfani domin yin juices, stewed 'ya'yan itace da ruwan inabi. Duk da haka, ya sau da yawa ya yi aikin da kuma na ado rawa a matsayin mai hawa shuka don gyara shimfidar wuri gazebos, arbors da pergolas. A gida gidãjen Aljanna, mafi yadu amfani hunturu-Hardy iri, inabi wanda isa mitoci da dama a tsawon. Abin baƙin ciki, mafi tebur iri m for namo a cikin wannan hanya. A cikin yanayin damina da nasarar da namo na inabõbi dogara a kan Gwargwadon wuri na kauye, kuma abu halin kaka. A kudancin yankunan, wannan shuka yana girma a bude ƙasa a kan trellis. A mafi arewacin latitudes, mafi kyau tebur iri suna sau da yawa girma a cikin na musamman greenhouses mai tsanani a cikin marigayi spring da farkon kaka. A m size of irin Tsarin: tsawon - 2.5 m. tsawo -. 2.1 m Wasu winegrowers girma zafi-m iri da kuma bude ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, muna da kullum datsa inabõbi, da tsayawa da girma, tun lokacin hunturu bukatar tsari ta daga sanyi, shan tare da tapestries da kwanciya a ƙasa. Mutane da yawa tona kananan ramuka, inda a hankali sanya shuke-shuke, makaran henchmen kayan (kwali, itace kwakwalwan kwamfuta, busasshiyar ciyawa) da kuma rufe da ƙasa. Wannan cover ba ka damar ci gaba da kurangar inabi m ko da a karkashin nauyi sanyi. Wani m factor hana tsufa zafi-m innabi iri, shi ne rashin halitta haske. Saboda haka, a karkashin m weather yanayi, da berries iya zama kore sai Satumba ko Oktoba. Bookmark gonar inabi yana da wasu ka'idojin. Ya kamata ka kauce wa dasa karfi-da slaboroslyh maki tare, ya kamata a dabam sanya neukryvnyh da kuma rufe lokutta, sauƙi saukin kamuwa zuwa cututtuka da kuma ne resistant zuwa gare su, marigayi, kuma farkon. Wannan inji dole ne a fuskanci pruning (spring da kaka). Wannan ya kawar da dukan twigs da kurangar inabi inabi da wani rauni, nevyzrevshie shekara-shekara girma. Excellent girbi kawai ba da karfi harbe. Har ila yau, a lokacin bazara, shi wajibi ne don cire harbe girma da baya a sama da babban gungu a kan tushe na bara, kamar yadda wani sabon girma "jan juices" inji kanta, hana maturation na berries.
Amfani da berries
Table inabi bambanta m dandano, saboda haka suna yi nufi ga sabo amfani. Wasu iri suna bushewa domin samar da sultanas da kuma zabibi. Mafi yawa daga cikin 'ya'yan inabi girma aika ga aiki da samar da juices da ruwan inabi. Tun da berries wannan shuka ne zakarun na sugar content (25-30%) da kuma ingantaccen abun da ke ciki, duk kayayyakin suna da amfani ga mutane. A inabi ne ma'adinai, Organic abubuwa (glucose, gishiri, potassium) da kuma bitamin (A, B1, B2, B6, C, PP), don haka ne sau da yawa amfani prophylactic da warkewa dalilai. Yi amfani da inabi taimaka Maido matsa lamba, tsarkakewa daga cikin airway gamsai, inganta fata yanayin. Table inabi, ya yi yawa, kyau hõre nunannun 'berries tare da wani fleshy angaren litattafan almara, da jitu iyawa. Wannan shi ne saboda manufa abun ciki na iya digestible sugars da kuma acid. Mai irin tebur da hawa da kuma adana na dogon lokaci a karkashin sharadi gwargwado. Duk da amfani, da innabi, shi ne contraindicated ga mutanen da fama da ciwon sukari, m hanji cuta, kiba da kuma cututtuka na duodenum.
haifuwa na inabõbi
Wannan inji aka karbe vegetatively (by layering, cuttings). A wasu lokuta, ga matasa shuka shayarwa da iri amfani, amma a cikin wannan hali da 'ya'yan inabi na dogon lokaci zai ba da' ya'ya a. Mafi sau da yawa, da seedlings an tsara su don samar da sabon iri. Dasa inabi a kan m wuri area (kudu, kudu maso gabashin, kudu maso yammacin). A mafi zafi da shuka na'am, da mafi alheri da ingancin berries da hakan yawan amfanin ƙasa. A kasar gona na iya zama wani fãce da gishiri Marshes. Yana kuma kada ta kasance swampy da kuma Scotland. Mafi sau da yawa, kafe cuttings dasa a bude ƙasa a cikin bazara, amma idan da shuka kayan da aka sosai raya, jiyar da kuma kaka dasa. Tun da girma da innabi tushen located a 20-40 cm sama da ƙasa, da shuke-shuke ana shuka a zurfin 0.4 m nisa tsakanin su - .. Lokacin da inabi 1.5-2 m ana shuka a cikin safu, su nisa ya kamata a kalla 2 m.
innabi kwari
Abin takaici, wannan shuka ne sosai saukin kamuwa zuwa cututtuka da kuma kwari. A mafi hatsari na su ne fumfuna, da launin toka mold, powdery fumfuna, da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayan canker, mealybug, phylloxera, leaf grozdevoy. Irin wannan daukan hotuna innabi cututtuka take kaiwa zuwa da bukatar rubũta musamman sinadaran magani jamiái domin yin rigakafi da magani shuke-shuke.