Ina gina jiki kira ya auku? Jigon da tsari, da kuma wuri na gina jiki kira a cikin cell

A tsari na gina jiki biosynthesis ne musamman da muhimmanci ga cell. Saboda sunadarai ne hadaddun abubuwa da wasa a muhimman hakkokin rawa a cikin nama, su ne irreplaceable. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin dukan cell matakai aiwatar da sarkar sunadari biosynthesis, wanda fitowa a dama da wasu gabbansa. Wannan na tabbatar da cewa tantanin halitta haifuwa da kuma yiwuwar zama.

TAKAITACCEN gina jiki biosynthesis

The kawai wurin da kira na sunadaran - shi ne mai kausasa endoplasmic reticulum. A nan ne girma daga ribosomes, wanda ke da alhakin samuwar wani polypeptide sarkar. Duk da haka, kafin mataki na translation (gina jiki kira), na bukatar kunnawa da gene, wanda Stores bayanai game da tsarin da furotin fara. Bayan nan, wannan rabo ne da ake bukata don kwafe DNA (ko RNA, a lokacin da kyan gani kwayan biosynthesis).

Bayan wani DNA kwafin RNA bukata halittar wani bayani tsari. A kan tushen da ta gina jiki kira zai iya za'ayi na sarkar. Kuma duk da matakai da suka faru a shafe nucleic acid, dole ne ya faru a cikin cell tsakiya. Duk da haka, wannan ba wani wuri inda gina jiki kira faruwa. Wannan wuri, wanda aka shirya domin biosynthesis.

Ribosomal gina jiki biosynthesis

Main inda gina jiki kira - shi ribosome, cell organelle, kunsha na biyu subunits. Irin Tsarin a cikin cell wata babbar adadin, kuma sũ, yafi located in membranes na kausasa endoplasmic reticulum. biosynthesis kanta ne kamar haka: a cikin cell tsakiya kafa Manzo RNA ke ta da makaman nukiliya pores cikin cytoplasm kuma ya gana da ribosome. Sa'an nan mRNA aka tura cikin rata tsakanin ribosome subunits, sa'ilin da kam na farko amino acid.

Don inda gina jiki kira, amino acid ake kawota ta hanyar canja wuri RNA. Wata irin wannan guda kwayoyin iya kai daya amino acid. Sun shiga a lokaci dangane da jerin Manzo RNA codons. Har ila yau, za a iya kira tsaya har a wani lõkaci.

Duk da yake motsi tare da mRNA, da ribosome iya samun a cikin sarari (introns) cewa ba encode amino acid. A wadannan wurare, a ribosome motsa tare da mRNA, amma babu wani amino acid Baya ga sarkar. Da zaran ribosome kai exon cewa shi ne, da site, wanda encodes da acid, to, shi ne sake haɗe zuwa polypeptide.

Postsynthetic gyara sunadaran

Bayan kai tasha codon da ribosome mRNA kai tsaye kira aiwatar ƙare. Duk da haka sakamakon kwayoyin yana da wani primary tsarin da kuma duk da haka ba zai iya yin ayyuka tanada shi. Domin yadda ya kamata aiki, da kwayoyin dole ne a shirya a wani tsarin: sakandare, manyan ko ma fiye da hadaddun - quaternary.

A tsarin kungiyar na gina jiki

Secondary tsarin - na farko da mataki na tsarin kungiyar. Don cimma farko polypeptide sarkar kamata spiralized (ta samar da alpha-Helix) ko lankwasa (don ƙirƙirar beta-yadudduka). Sa'an nan, domin dauka ko da ƙasa da sararin samaniya tare da tsawon da kwayoyin mafi ja tare da rauni a cikin wani ball da hydrogen, covalent da ionic shaidu, kazalika da interatomic interactions. Saboda haka, a globular gina jiki tsari.

Quaternary gina jiki tsarin

A quaternary tsarin ne mafi wuya duka. Ya kunshi da dama sassan da globular tsarin nasaba fibrillar polypeptide strands. Bugu da kari, manyan da quaternary tsarin iya hada wani carbohydrate ko sia saura, wanda yana faɗaɗa cikin kewayon gina jiki ayyuka. A musamman, glycoproteins, hadaddun mahadi mai gina jiki da kuma wani carbohydrate ne immunoglobulins kuma yi wani m aiki. Har ila yau glycoproteins located a kan membranes na sel da rabe aiki. Duk da haka, babu modified kwayoyin inda gina jiki kira auku, kuma a cikin m endoplasmic reticulum. Ga shi ne yiwu sia aka makala, karafa da kuma carbohydrates to furotin yankuna.