Imin sautin harshe - da kimiyya na sauti

Harshe - shi ne mai Multi-matakin tsarin, wanda aka raba sauki da kuma hadadden subsystems ko matakan. Imin sautin harshe - magangara mafi ƙasƙanci matakin harshe, kamar yadda nazarin ta unilateral raka'a - sauti, phonemes, supersegmentnye naúrar, danniya da kuma irin murya. Its sunan zo daga kalmar Helenanci wanda yake nufin sauti, murya, amo, magana. Har ila yau imin sautin harshe - mai harsuna sashe, inda muka yi nazarin matakin da harshen da dukan abin da ya shi sun hada da: magana sauti, haduwa da kuma positional canje-canje, da samar da sauti da magana, kuma su ji daga cikin saurarõnsu, kazalika da fasali na sauti ambulan na harshe in general, da kuma sauti tsarin da pronunciation da halaye na kowane mutum harshe.

Aka gyara na imin sautin harshe:

- Rabawa da kuma masu zaman kansu. Janar imin sautin harshe da karatunsa da dokokin sauti harsashi tsarin, bisa manufa, ko da kuwa da takamaiman harshe. Private imin sautin harshe - phonology ne na musamman harsuna.
- tarihi da kuma na zamani. Historical phonology - nazarin karin lafazi dokokin da aiki a cikin harshen a daban-daban sau, da kuma abin da su effects ake kiyaye a cikin harshen tukuna. Modern imin sautin harshe nazarin jihar na harshe matakin a lokacin.
- Irfanin da kuma gwaji.

Imin sautin harshe - shi ne ba kawai da matakin na harshe da kuma reshe na harsuna: sunan da sauti harsashi harshe. A wannan yanayi, shi ne ya yi karatu a wadannan fannoni:

1. kiya. Wannan shi ne ra'ayi da sauti na harshe harsashi daga matsayin da mai sauraro. A wannan al'amari, mun bincika abin daya ji a ji na jawabin bayanai. A Ft Irfan al'amari bayyana sauti quality: shi yana da wasu tsawo, da oscillation mita, timbre da sauran jiki Properties.

2. zaben. The abu na binciken nan - da sauti daga magana ta wuri, cewa shi ne aikin da gabobin da jawabin a wajen samar da kowane sauti.

Imin sautin harshe ne idan akai la'akari da sautuna a uku al'amurran:

- Jiki. Wannan ya hada da kayan halaye na sauti.

- da bayani (ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological). Yana hada ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological halaye na magana, sanarwa akan abinda Properties na sauti, musamman tsarin da vocal na'ura, da rarrabuwa na wasali, da baƙi sauti a harsuna daban-daban.

- phonological (zamantakewa). A wannan matakin, akwai dangane da sauti tare da mutum sani. Ainihin naúrar wannan matakin - phoneme - shi ne mai irin sauti, wanda aka adana a cikin zuciya, da kuma da dangantakar abu da kuma sauti na wannan stereotype.

Duk da cewa da sanarwa akan abinda na'urar a dukan al'ummai da wannan tsarin, harsuna daban daban ne quite daban-daban daga juna riga a karin lafazi matakin. Alal misali, English imin sautin harshe, sabanin Rasha, ya sani stun bayyana baƙaƙe kafin kurma, kuma fiye da haka, domin shi ne mai rarrabe alama. Har ila yau, a cikin harshen Turanci, kazalika a wasu sauran, daban-daban tsawo da kuma gajeren wasali sauti, cewa Rasha harshen ba ya kai da na ginin jumla load. A Spanish imin sautin harshe a matsayin halin kaka ba tare da weakening na unstressed vowels, kuma ba tare da mitigating da baƙaƙe kafin wasali u da e. Duk da haka, da sauti da ba Spanish.