Ilimi absoljutizm Catherine II

A miƙa mulki daga mulkin gargajiya hanya zuwa jari a kasashen da dama da ya faru da wani bango da haihuwa da haske akida. A Rasha da wannan lokaci ya faru a cikin shekaru 60 da na XVIII karni - sarautar Catherine Mai girma.

Haskaka absolutism - da daular mulkinsu dogara ne a kan akida da haske. Its asali ra'ayoyi sun wadannan: wani mutum ne da mafi darajar, zai amfane shi sama a jihar. mutane daidai suke a su 'yancin ko da kuwa da kadarori. Society bukatar a inganta, da kuma suna rawa a wannan dole ne wasa kimiyya da dokar. A cikin hasken da duk wannan ya zama mashahuri ra'ayin "Falsafa a kan kursiyin".

Haskaka absolutism na Catherine aka halin da aiwatar da matakan da a cikin bukatun da jihar da kuma hukuncin aji (nobility). Su da gudummawar da ci gaban da tsarin jari hujja a cikin sansanin, amma shi ba ya la'akari da yawa daga cikin hakikar da rayuwar al'umma a wancan lokaci.

Tuni a farkon zamanin mulkinsa, Catherine gudanar da dama tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasar (Rostov, Yaroslavl, Baltic larduna, koro a kan Ladoga Canal, sa'an nan har da Volga Simbirsk). Sai ta gane cewa da al'adun mutanen ya yi yawa low kuma ya gaggauta "darn kaifi gibba management" (Klyuchevskii).

Haskaka absolutism na Catherine masana tarihi sun kira da "zinariya shekaru." Empress nemi tabbatar da ci gaban da Rasha jama'a a wani juyin hanya, karkashin kulawa da "narodolyubivogo" monarch. Duk da haka, ta ba ya so ya sauya tsarin zamantakewa: daular da wadãta a kudi na aiki na serfs da ma'aikata, kuma gadon sarautar da aka bisa ga nobility, shi ne babban karfi na absolutism.

An ra'ayin abin da ya yi domin ci gaba na jihar, da Empress wajen raya dangane ideas kõma daga ayyukan Turai haske.

Catherine kokarin neutralize mafi m "Legacy da gwamnatocin" a kasar. Ta kõma, kuma Ya ƙarfafã jihar hukumomin cewa an halicci karkashin Bitrus da farko. A majalisar dattijai ya kasu kashi shida sassan. Majistare aka mayar, Berg-board, kwamitin-Manufaktur. A tsari na karkashin shugabancin tsakiya ya ci gaba da sarrafa burokrasi, tsiyacewa na Hetman Ukraine.

Haskaka absolutism na Empress aka dogara ne a kan ta sirri fahimtar da al'amurran da suka shafi cewa ya kamata a magance. A 1767, Hukumar aka gudanar wajen samar da wani sabon sa na dokokin. A 1775, management garambawul da aka kaddamar. Yawan larduna. Suna karkashin jagorancin gwamna, da kuma wani rukuni na dama larduna - gwamnonin-janar. Industry, ciyarwarsu da kuma kudaden shiga ya fara zauna exchequer, asibitoci da makarantu - Order na jama'a sadaka. Daga cikin gwamnati na kotu aka rabu.

A hankali, da dukan harkokin shugabanci tsarin zama uniform, da ƙarƙashin gwamnonin sa'an nan gwamnonin tsakiyar kolejoji da kuma, a karshe, da Empress.

A 1779 aka sanya hannu kuma aka buga ba da umarni a kan wuyan free masana'antu Enterprises. Yan kasuwa da 'yan sana'a sun samu wasu amfanin. A wannan yanayin, da manyan gari, a 1785 aka ba "Haruffa lamban kira", wanda cemented su mulkin gargajiya gata.

Saboda haka, haskaka absolutism na Empress da shirin yana da wani sosai sabanin. A daya hannun, suna da halin da shela daga cikin gaskiyar m ilimi falsafa, a daya bangaren - adana autocracy, mamayar da tsada da kuma serfdom.

Haskaka absolutism na Catherine II a matsayin dukan da wani tasiri a kan ci gaban da kasar: ya karu da karkararta, ta ƙara yawan jama'a, ta ƙara da kudaden shiga aljihun. Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki na mutane ya kasance guda wuri. A lokacin da iko baƙauye yaki jagorancin Karna Maiya Pugachev. Gaggawa tambayoyi ba a warware a cike. A jihar ya rage autocratic da feudalistic.