Humanoid mutummutumi: photo da Technology

A cikin shekaru da suka gabata, masana'antu cybernetic na'urorin kusan share mutumin da hatsari, monotonous da nauyi masana'antu. A nan gaba kimanta fadada sabis Androids. Humanoid mutummutumi zai taimaka da mazauni daga yau da kullum na gida harkokin, za a tsunduma a cikin kula da tsofaffi, yara da koyo nakasa.

A farko prototypes

A 1639, shi ya fara fiye da ɗari biyu shekara kadaici da Japan daga sauran duniya. Don kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwa na Nagasaki aka halatta ga 'yan' yan kasuwa daga Holland da kuma China, da barin musamman Japan al'ada wajen samar da kansa hanya ba tare da wani waje tasiri. Da shi shi ne alfijir na tsana zo a cikin wannan lokaci, "Karakuri".

A gaskiya, wannan shi ne na farko humanoid mutummutumi da clockwork, ko da yake wasu m model kore ta tururi, ruwa ko ikonsa ya yashi. Tsana Miscellaneous mutane a lokacin da jama'a bukukuwa, dadin babban shahararsa a arziki gidajensu.

Sha'awar a ciki na'urar "Karakuri" ya m, da kuma na waje da aka biya da hankali kamar yadda na drive inji.

Technology da ilimin halin dan Adam

Japan humanoid mutummutumi kafa general vector na ci gaba cybernetic na'urorin developers a duniya. Babban wahala a samar da anthropomorphic tsarin - da bukatar Multi-horo gudanar da bincike. The daidaito da kuma hadewa aiki ya yi aiki ba kawai injiniyoyi da kuma shirye-shirye, lissafi da kuma kimiyyar lissafi, amma kuma Psychologists, sociologists da kuma masana tarihi.

Man ba abu mai yiwuwa ba tare da ji. Kuma ga Hadakar model, ban da "hardware" da kuma software na da matukar muhimmanci uku bangaren anthropomorphic tsarin - motsin zuciyarmu. Bincike a cikin wannan yanki suna tsunduma musamman kimiyya ne a hankali alaka da agaji - zamantakewa yaro- da robopsihologiya.

Humanoid mutummutumi, fãce ikon canzawa mai sauki inji motsi, dole ne mallaki wucin gadi da hankali, kai-koyo da kuma karbuwa.

Me iya wani android?

Humanoid mutummutumi koyi sabon fasahohin da kuma basira don hulɗa tare da mutum. A mafi ban sha'awa shi ne nasarar da cigaban da wadannan fasahohin:

• Sakataren. Android gaishe baƙi, yayi Magana game da kamfanin ta sabis ko kayayyakin.
• Sabis. A robot daukan da oda (fi'ili ko via touch allo), watsa da bayanai zuwa kitchen, jita-jita da kuma bada abokin ciniki bukata (da kuma ba ya bukatar wani tip!). Robokafe amfani a Koriya ta Kudu Popular.
• Shiryar. Shiryar. Ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, game da nuni, da farfado.
• Malam. Caregiver. Very da amfani ga yara karatu mugun a kan wani mutum shirin.
• Cosmonaut. A kalla, akwai biyu data kasance misali: "Japan" KIROBO da "American" Robonaut 2. Kuma idan na farko da aka tsara kawai don sadarwa tare da matukan jirgin (daukar hoto, saƙon), da karshen ne iya autonomously yi hadaddun fasaha ayyuka a cikin sarari.

anthropomorphic warrior

Favorite brainchild na almarar kimiyya zama gaskiya. Soja sana'a mutummutumi na dogon lokaci da kuma nasarar Master a Amurka. Duk da haka, har da ta je sarrafa kansa fama tsarin, da-kafa kansu a lokacin gudanar a kasar Iraki da kuma Afghanistan. Irin wannan na'urorin ya samu nasarar jimre da hankali da kuma aikin injiniya matsaloli.

Fada humanoid mutummutumi saboda musamman high kudin zama a guda kofe a matsayin nuni samfurori. Alal misali, piloted android Method1, nuna ta Korean developers. Walker ne iya matsawa da makamai da kuma matsar kusa, mimicking da ƙungiyoyi na sadarwarka. A babbar humanoid robot yana da tsawo na 4 mita da kuma wani nauyi na 1.5 tons.

More suna fadin size yana da Rasha android, amma shi yana da yawa fiye da ayyuka: bindiga harbi, ATV iko, kiwon lafiya. A robot aka saba daga baya model SAR-401 (NGO "Androidnye fasahar") ga soja version na ayyuka halitta da bukatun da kamfani "Roscosmos".

Japan hadisin

Hiroshi Ishiguro - wani malamin jami'a na kasar Japan birni na Osaka da Cibiyar Advanced Technology a Kyoto - tsiwirwirinsu worldwide daraja a 2006, ya gabatar da jama'a ta daidai kwafin cybernetic - dzheminoida HI-1 (Hi-1 Geminoid). A babbar yawan na'urori masu auna sigina da servo Motors damar da anthropomorphic canzawa ba kawai gestures, amma fuska samfur. M model (HI-2. F; HI-4. Q1) su ne ma fi idon basira. A gaskiya, mafi humanoid mutummutumi - yar tsana sarrafawa da sadarwarka via mara igiyar waya da ke dubawa.

Bisa ga farfesa, a kusa kama samun sauƙin fiye da koyar da android to zaton kamar wani mutum da yin nasu yanke shawara. By Hiroshi Ishiguro mutummutumi kwallon kawai schematically kama mutane, amma ball ne, kuma kimanta matsayin ƙofar garin, ka aika shi dama a kan manufa. "Iron" Ishiguro tawagar - biyar-lokaci zakarun duniya robofutbolu.

Charming humanoid daga China

Wannan kyau dabba kira Jia Qinglin. Gudãna baki gashi streaming na gargajiya na kasar Sin dress. Murmushi, ta su zai taimakawa mai sauki maganganu ne iya kewaya a sarari, da kuma ko da flirts da maza. Yana yana da magoya a duniya, wanda Kwafa ta "robot-allahiya."

Jia Qinglin - China ta farko android, halitta da injiniyoyi, a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha (Hefei, kasar Sin). Don ci gaba da model da kuma musamman aiki software dauki game da shekaru uku, kuma shi ne har yanzu nisa daga m. Project shugaban Chen Xiaoping ya tabbatar da cewa mabiya "aljanna" yana mai girma a nan gaba. Butun-butumi tare da m AI suna fatan a asibitoci, reno gidajensu, don yin sauki jobs gidajen cin abinci.

Turai humanoid mutummutumi

A cikin Tsohon World humanoid tsarin da ake halitta da kuma kyautata a cikin ROBOSKIN aikin. Mafi shahara model CASPAR da iCub, suna kananan. Da farko raya, a Jami'ar Hertfordshire (UK), kuma an tsara don sadarwa da kuma koyar da yara a wani m hanya. Reaction CASPAR ga tabawa, saboda da wucin gadi fata m na'urori masu auna sigina na iya zama daban-daban da kuma dogara a kan tactile lamba karfi. A m tickling robot nuna gamsuwa da karfi da tura kukan da zafi.

robot jiki iCub (Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa) yana 53 digiri na da 'yanci, kuma bai wa android inji ta touch. Yana kama da wani yaro 4 - 5 shekaru. Iya ja jiki, yi amfani da abubuwa, kewaya cikin ƙasa.

Amurka Jihar Order

Humanoid PETMAN (marubucin na aikin R. Pleyter, Boston Dinamics) bai bayyana wani tausaya a duk, domin sauki dalilin cewa ba shi da kansa. Yana da aka halitta da gwamnatin domin gwada ingancin da kuma gwaji na m kara. A robot yana da wani talakawan mutum sigogi: tsawo daga 1,75 m weighs 80 kg. PETMAN amsa ga motsa jiki. Tafiya da jogging gubar zuwa mafi m numfashi, ta ƙara jiki zafin jiki, da kuma ko da sweating.

A robot ne iya yi sauki motsa jiki: matse daga bene, Crouch, rarrafe, da dai sauransu A tukuna amfani da matsayin engine da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin na igiyoyi-igiyoyi ... Developers alkawari cewa a nan gaba zai haifar da wani humanoid robot tare da m makamashi wadata.

A 2014, biyu sabon model na Atlas kuma rabbi aka gabatar da mafi girma aiki da kuma motsi, amma har yanzu tethered zuwa wani waje ikon Madogararsa.

A juyin juya halin yana zuwa?

Farfesa Masha Vardi (Computer Engineering, Jami'ar Rice, Houston, USA) ta bayar da hujjar cewa babu iyaka ga aiki da kai na inji, kuma za ta ƙarshe zama da yawa mafi wayo da kuma mafi cikakken mutum. A kowace shekara fiye da kuma mafi m, idan ba son, dadin ko'ina cikin duniya humanoid mutummutumi. Hotuna da kuma bidiyo a kan Web ana samun miliyoyin ra'ayoyi, da kuma duk da haka game fadada daga cikin mutummutumi iya ma kara da rabo daga cikin aikin yi. A cikin rukuni na hadarin fasahohin da kuma matsayi da cewa za a iya tuba a cikin binary code: Telecom aiki da kuma wuraren binciken ababen hawa, cashiers da sauransu.

Kuma saman 5 mafi kyau humanoid mutummutumi hujja:

1. GEMINOID-F - yarinya robot (Japan). Humanoid kwafin Farfesa Ishiguro. Shi ne iya magana, to murmushi, su bayyana mimic dukan palette na motsin zuciyarmu da kuma ko da raira waƙa. Ya taka leda da dama ayyuka a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
2. ASIMO - android (Honda, Japan). A cikin arsenal - a guje, shawo kan na matakala, wasa kwallon kafa. Yana yana da wani hadadden inji hangen nesa da kuma tsarin rarraba haska cibiyar sadarwa. Iya bude kwalbar da kuma zuba da abinda ke ciki na tabarau.
3. Ro-Boy - humanoid (Federal Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha, Zurich, Switzerland), dukkan sassa na wanda samar da wata hanya ga 3D-bugu.
4. Fuska (Italiya) - mafi wani tunanin da Turai robot. 32 Drive yi tsokoki na jiki da kuma fuska ne sosai mobile.
5. Alice ( "Neyrobotiks", Rasha) - mafi idon basira Rasha android. 8 actuators ne sarrafawa tare da wani gamepad.