Homo floresiensis (Homo floresiensis): Description

A shekarar 2003, duniya ya yada labarai na sa mamaki samu sanya ta archaeologists a kan Indonesian tsibirin Flores. A daya daga cikin halitta kogwanni, da ake kira Liang Bua, wanda ragowar da aka samu ba a baya aka sani zuwa kimiyya Dwarf jinsunan tsoho mutane, yana da wani exceptionally low girma to babu fiye da daya mita, da kuma mamaki karamin girma daga cikin kwakwalwa. Wannan sabon nau'in ake kira Homo floresiensis, ko in ba haka ba - floresiensis mutane.

A farko Finds na balaguro

Wannan abin mamaki samu aka riga da dogon da laborious aiki. Hadin gwiwa da Indonesiya-Australian balaguro jagorancin Mike Morwood da Panzhita Sudjono fara gudanar da wani tono a tsibirin Flores a farkon 2001. Liang Bua kogo, sun kasance bã su zaba kwatsam, kamar yadda Sudjono kuma baya aiki a can tare da wani rukuni na masana kimiyya, da kuma na sama na al'adu yadudduka da aka ta da lokacin da suka bude.

Riga na farko shekara ciyar a kan Flores, ya kawo da yawa ban sha'awa binciken. Delving cikin mafi kuma mafi tsoho yadudduka na laka, archaeologists sun gano wani babban yawan daban-daban kasusuwa na zamanin d dabbobi, dadaddun dubban shekaru da suka wuce. Daga cikin wadannan, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na skeletons da aka samu Stegodon - m dangi na zamani giwaye ya bace daga fuskar duniya ko da goma sha biyu shekara dubu da suka wuce, kazalika da shahara Komodo dodo - most of data kasance kadangaru, kai tsawon mita uku.

Da ya rage daga zamanin d kogo mazauni

Bugu da kari, an kuma samu hujjõji bayyanannu zauna a wadannan wurare na zamanin d mutane. Wannan aka evidenced da ragowar kayan aikin dutse na ga Paleolithic zamanin, dating baya akalla biyu da rabi shekaru miliyan. A cikin wannan shekara a hannun masana kimiyya da kuma shi ne na farko yanki na wani tsoho kogon 'yan Liang-Bois. Wannan ya nuna a sarari cikin radius, wanda wani bangare ne na hannu da dantse, amma musamman kananan da kuma Oddly lankwasa.

Ko da more binciken, kuma tare da su, da kuma kawo asirai na masu bincike a 2003. More m kwarangwal da aka samu a watan Janairu mallakar wani adult mace beraye, amma kuma ya bambanta remarkably kananan girma. A cewar masana, ya haihuwa ya game goma sha takwas shekara dubu. Bugu da kari zuwa wasu kasusuwa al'adunmu na masana kimiyya ya zama quite da-tsare kwanyar na zamanin d kogo mazauni. Ko a duban farko, duk bugi karamin girma daga cikin kwanyar, ya kuma inganta ta'allaka da shi da zarar kwakwalwa.

Aiki tare da samu kayan

Wasu matsaloli a aiki tare da ƙasũsuwa da aka sa da cewa, saboda da ƙasa danshi da aka ba burbushin, amma sun fairly sako-sako da kuma supple irin zane. Mun ya yi hankali. Don ajiye su a kan tabo da aka tsara da kuma gina wani musamman magani, wanda kunshi sauri-bushewa manne da kuma ƙusa goge. Ba shi da wuya a tsammani cewa irin wannan fasaha zai iya fito da mace. Lalle ne, kirkiro wannan hanyar shi ne Thomas Sutikina - wani wakilin Indonesian archaeological tawagar.

A cikin jarrabawa bayyana amincewarsa binciken

Kogon al'ada binne Liang-Bois for millennia faru, kamar yadda evidenced da manyan yawan ƙasusuwansu, stained ocher da kuma kwance cike da koyaswa ado sanya daga teku bawo samu a can. Duk da haka, kadan mutumin a fili ba na da lambar. Abin mamaki da kuma yadda kyau shi aka kiyaye kwarangwal. Ba har ma da sanarwa akan abinda wasu kasusuwa da aka karya.

A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, haka aminci zai iya bayani da cewa wannan relic hominids (ajalin amfani da su koma ga iyali daga cikin manyan birai, da suka hada da mutane) bayan mutuwar bayyana tunawa a cikin kananan kandami, ko kuma kawai a cikin laka. Wannan tsĩrar da shi daga dabbobin daji scavenging.

Idan wannan zato gaskiya ne, Homo floresiensis ne ba kadai binciken da cewa an kiyaye su a sakamakon wannan "kiyayewa". A wannan rabo da aka raba saura samu a kasar Habasha ta nesa Australopithecus dating mayar da miliyan uku da shekaru, da kuma gano a Kenya kashi yaro wanda ya rayu a rabin miliyan shekaru daga baya.

Ƙarin bayani game da samu

A shekara, a 2004 kogon ya masana kimiyya sabon binciken ƙasusuwan mutane kadan da ya taimaka isasshe ka sake su look kuma mafi daidai kafa Dating. Idan a farko an yi tunanin cewa wannan relic hominids zauna a ƙasar daga 12 zuwa 95 da dubu. Shekaru da suka wuce, a mafi cikakken nazari na ragowar amfani radioisotope analysis taimake kunkuntar da kwanan wata fuska kuma iyakance ta tsawon daga 60 zuwa dubu 100. Years.

Characteristically, an kuma samu sosai m kayan aikin sanya daga dutse. Wannan ya nuna cewa Homo floresiensis ya riga iya rike shi samuwa halitta kayan don amfani a farauta da yi.

Rigingimu game da sunan da irin samu

Da zarar masana kimiyya sun ƙarasa da cewa sun gano wani sabon nau'in, ta wakilan nan da nan lakabi hobbits. Don haka ya kira aljanna-labari haruffa daga cikin ayyukan da ya shahara English marubuci John Reyuwel Tolkien ta "The Ubangijin Zobba." A daidai da wannan kadan mutumin da nake da za a kira Homo hobbitus.

Duk da haka, da dama daga masana kimiyya, cikinsu da wani shahararren masanin burbushin halittu Australian Piter Braun, da wani shakka ko zaka iya sanyã shi a cikin ajin na Homo, cewa shi ne, to da mutane. Dalilin da wata shakka sun halayyar siffofin mallaki wannan burbushin jinsuna. A musamman, duk rude unusually low girma da kuma unprecedented yau, iyalinsu kwakwalwa girma - game da uku sau karami fiye da talakawan mutum. Kaina, Brown da shawarar domin nemo sunan Sundantropus. Duk da haka, a sakamakon doguwar tattaunawa, mun zauna a kan waccan mujalla da muka Homo floresiensis - Homo floresiensis.

Abin mamaki ga kewayewa duniya

Domin da farko lokacin da bayanai game da ban mamaki samu sanya a cikin kogo na Liang Bua, kuma ya bayyana a 2004 a mujallar Nature. Kafin cewa, shi ne kusan a ko'ina cikin shekara kiyaye asirin, tun bayyanar a kafofin watsa labarai zai iya hana littafin na wannan zalla kimiyya ɗaba'ar. Duk da haka, nan da nan bayan bayyanar da kofi dakin Homo floresiensis (Hobbit) ya zama daya daga cikin manyan jigogi na dubu bakwai jaridu da mujallu, da kuma game da mutum ɗari da dubu yanar. Game da shi a rare kimiyya film izini da sanannun talabijin tashar National Geographic aka ma yin fim.

Kokarin kafa tarihi a mike

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a kusa da saura samu a tsibirin Flores, na farko kwanaki sparked shawara tsakanin masana kimiyya. Sun sun cewa suna da ikon tabbatar da cewa kafin su - wani burbushin Dwarf irin mutane da aka ba a baya aka sani zuwa kimiyya, ko da yake shi da sakamakon pathological canje-canje da suka halartar daya dalili ko wata al'ada farkon mutane, da aka sani da Homo sapiens.

Don amsa wannan tambaya, Indonesia ta manyan gwani a fagen halittar mutum Irwansyah Yakubu ya kwashe dukan samu, ƙashi na daga wani bincike cibiyar a Jakarta da kuma sanya su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ya ya iya yi godiya ga saduwa da Pandzhitom Sujan, shi ne daya daga cikin shugabannin na balaguro. A duniyar kimiyya da aka jiran sakamakon bincike, amma a cikin watanni uku da sanannen masanin kimiyya na shiru.

Da abin kunya a duniyar kimiyya

A karshe takwarorinsa haƙuri ya gaza, kuma suka shiga sunã bukaci da Yakubu ya ba da damar yin amfani da ragowar sauran daga cikin masana kimiyya da kuma dakatar da wannan yi kenkenewa shafi kawai ga shi kuma mataimakansa. A sakamakon haka, da ƙasũsuwan da aka mayar da su zuwa Jakarta, amma ba da cikakken kuma partially lalace. Ya m wata babbar abin kunya, kamar yadda yayin da Homo floresiensis tukuna bayyana a gaban shafukan jaridu, da kuma yanayin da ya samu m talla.

A sakamakon haka shi da ban a Indonesian hukumomi don ci gaba da tono a cikin kogon Liang-Bois. A wannan lokaci, a cikin duniya kafofin watsa labarai sun shawarwari da cewa finjirewarsu kudin shiga ga wani wuri na samu masana kimiyya relic hominid saboda tsoron ga suna na Yakubu ne, wanda aka dauke da girman kai na kasa kimiyya.

The cewa ya kasance mai tsayuwa abokin gaba na zargin cewa saura kasance a wani sabon unknown jinsunan, kazalika da ci gaba da aikin zai zo shaida su ɓãta ra'ayinsa, kuma, da ita rushe ikon Indonesian kimiyya, an yanke shawarar ba hadarin da shi. Ci Gaba da binciken ya yiwu ne kawai a shekara ta 2007.

ci gaba

Bayan sama-aka bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a cikin dogon lokacin da bayani a kan irin ci gaban da rami ba tsinkãyi a kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma kawai a 2015 da ya zama sananne cewa wani sabon duniya balaguro aka aiki a tsibirin Flores. Wannan lokaci, ta binciko baya gano kogo a haɗa karkashin kasa da nassi da Liang-Bois. An zaci cewa shi ne ya zama na farko adibas. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da tsoho mutane na wannan kogo da za a iya amfani da wani sito, kuma zai yiwu gudun hijira hanyoyi idan akwai wani unforeseen hadari.

Wasu waje bambance-bambance Homo floresiensis

Kamar yadda ya bayyana a sama, da manyan matakai ne na mutum floresiensis ne ta kananan size scanty girma da kuma zagayayyen kwanya, kuma strikingly daban-daban a cikin tsarin daga daya cewa nasa ne da Homo sapiens. Alal misali, a cikin kwanyar offline Chin protrusion. A general, da siffar da rabbai na kwarangwal, kazalika ta mutum sassa damar zuwa ta ɗaukar sahibin zuwa ƙananan siffofin m mutum, kamar Australopithecus.

Jim kadan bayan da wallafe alaka da gano adam floresiensis, aka yi ta kokari sake ta bayyanar. Suka samu halartar da dama daga cikin manyan artists kuma sculptors wanda kware a fagen Anthropology. A farko maimaitawa nasa ne Peter Shutenu, haifar da wani zane dangane da wani bincike da kwarangwal na mutum.

Ya aka bi ta uku-girma aiki na sculptor Elizabet Deyne gabatar. Ta nasa ne jerin guda a kan nuni a 2007 a Paris Museum of Man da kuma wani juyin maimaitawa abin da ya zama daga cikin tsofaffin hominid da aka sani zuwa kimiyya siffofin zuwa wannan zamani suke.

A shekarar 2012, wani sabon mataki da aka dauka a cikin wannan shugabanci. Dr. Syuzen Heyz daga kasar Australia, ta amfani da hanyoyin amfani a na bincike magani, don mayar Flo ta fuskar - shi ne sunan da aka ba da mace, wanda ya rage da aka gano a cikin kogon Liang-Bois. Biye da tawagar da masu bincike daga New York sanya wani scrupulous bincike na kwamfuta na ragargaje. A general ƙarshe shi ne cewa a kan wani yawan filaye floresiensis mutane kusa da Homo sapiens, sabili da haka, da jarrabawa na pathological canje-canje, wanda ya zama dalilin sabon abu bayyanar, ya kamata a daukarsa a matsayin ƙarancin cancantar.