Hauka - mai raɗaɗi shafi tunanin mutum yanayin. Sharudda gwaje-gwaje. Mataki na ashirin da 21 na Criminal Code

Babban aiki na na bincike ilimin halin tababbu shi ne batun hauka. Fiye da kashi 90 cikin dari na na bincike tabin hankali Nazarin suna da za'ayi a magance wannan al'amari.

Matsalar hauka - hauka

Dokokin ba samar da wani definition of natsuwar tunanina. Yana saukar da shi kawai hauka. Duk da haka, shi ne bayar da cewa hadu da wani mutum wanda ya isa wani shekaru, da ciwon wasu matakin da shafi tunanin mutum da kuma m mafi ƙarfinsa, sai ya ba da rahoton da hukumar wasu ayyuka da kuma shiryarwa su, iya sarrafa hali, motsa jiki da hankali da kuma nufin wa doka. Kawai gaban wadannan alamu za su iya magana game da natsuwar tunanina na dan kasa.

A ra'ayi na hauka

amma akwai mutanen da suke iya kauce wa azãba ga waɗanda laifuka.

Hauka - mai raɗaɗi yanayin shafi tunanin mutum da aiki a cikin abin da mutum zai iya ba yadda ya kamata a kimanta kuma sarrafa su ayyuka da kuma ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma ba da wani lissafi na sakamakon (Mataki na ashirin 21 na Criminal Code.). Irin wannan mutum ba batun laifi alhaki. A jihar rage nauyin nasa na musamman ga lokaci na yin laifi, da cewa shi ne, shi yana da iyaka da lokaci. A asarar fahimtar da hatsarin da yi, da rashin iyawa don a kimanta kuma sarrafa su ne mafi kowa a cikin mutane da tunani da rashin lafiya.

Tantance shafi tunanin mutum da jihar na mutum da kuma kafa wani dabara hauka na da hakkin likita, na bincike gwani a sakamakon wata yawan musamman bincike dabaru. Yarda da ake zargi a, mahaukaci ne laifi ne kawai da prerogative na kotu. A mutumin a cikin hukumar da laifi a cikin wani deranged jihar da aka dakatar da sanya shi a cikin wani asibitin masu tabin hankali domin magani (Art. 21 na Criminal Code).

Dalili na hauka

Zaka iya zaɓar sharudda irin wannan hauka:

• Medical (nazarin halittu).
• shari'a (m).

Medical gwajin

shi Yana hada da:

1. Kullum shafi tunanin mutum da cuta (schizophrenia, epilepsy, affective psychosis, na kullum delusional psychosis) - halin da m shafi tunanin mutum da cuta da kuma canje-canje a cikin hali zuwa duniya, a lokacin da ya bayyana cuta na sani, memory, tunani, shafi, hali, m da ikon tunani.
2. Wucin gadi shafi tunanin mutum da cuta. Yana nufin wani m kewayon cuta psychotic cuta da reversible shafi tunanin mutum da cuta, misali, mai amsawa psychosis, to gajere disturbances na sani (m jihar - magariba prosonochnye yanayi, da dai sauransu ..). Sun sa short duration, yawanci ƙare a dawo da.
3. Gigin-tsufa (shafi tunanin mutum retardation ne mai tsanani da kuma daban-daban na gigin-tsufa). Wadannan jihohi dole ne kullum da kuma m, ana buƙatar a halin da take hakkin fuskantarwa, da memory, fahimtar, koyan ikon cuta m ikon tunani.
4. In ba haka ba mai raɗaɗi yanayin - hali cuta, infantilism, da sauransu.

doka rarrabẽwa

Halin da rashin fahimta da yanayin da ya ayyuka (sakaci) da zai yiwu sakamakon, kazalika da rashin iyawa don sarrafa su. Legal rarrabẽwa hada da biyu aka gyara:

1. Ilimi halin da wayar da kan jama'a na ko ta ayyuka, da fahimtar da cikakken halin da ake ciki da kuma sabubban nasu hali, cewa shi ne, shi ne wata damar gane yanayin da ayyuka da kuma fahimtar su abubuwan.

Sau da yawa aikata laifi, laifin gaske cikin damuwa me ya sa yana kokarin hukunta. Alal misali, a ɗan ƙasa saci keke daga keke parking ko ƙofar wani na zama gini, ya ce, koma.

2. A karfi-so bangaren nufin da ikon da wani mutum ya shiryar da su ayyuka.

Volitional rarrabẽwa ƙwarai gaji da damuwa, misali, barasa-dogara mutane, miyagun ƙwayoyi addicts, kleptomania. Suka ze fahimci cewa akwai lokatan bad, amma ku aikata abin da kuke so, domin ba zai iya yin wani abu.

Hauka - shi ne mai dole ne dace duka biyu sharudda. In ba haka ba, ba shi yiwuwa ya rabu da wani mutum da ake zargin matsayi.

Cuta ba ban da natsuwar tunanina

Sau da yawa akwai lokuta na la'anta na mutane da suke da wani tunani da rashin lafiya, ba ban da natsuwar tunanina (rage alhakin). A irin wannan yanayi, nema Mataki na ashirin da 22 na Criminal Code. Wannan doka na kullum da ake amfani a Rasha dokokin tun 1997. Kamar yadda irin wannan, shi ne m zuwa category na rage nauyin amfani a cikin dokokin laifuffuka na wasu kasashen waje.

Gabatarwa Wannan labarin zai samar da wata damar more daidai sanin ko kwakwalwar da laifin a lokacin da wani zai yiwu laifi. Wannan category na mutane nada na bincike m da tabin hankali da jarrabawa, a lokacin da assesses likita sharudda (gaban shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya a cikin batun), wanda ya hada da wani iri-iri shafi tunanin mutum da cuta da kuma halayya munanan. Wannan qa'idar yana da biyu matsayi - alhakin da rashin cikakken yi da kuma duba su ayyuka da kuma hango ko hasashen da sakamakon.

Irin wadannan mutane za a iya zaton haukata kuma iya tsaya fitina ga ayyukansa, amma rashin cikakken yi da kuma duba su ayyuka da kuma hango ko hasashen su yiwu sakamakon. Wannan shi ne, mutum na zaton, ya gane abin da ke faruwa da kuma abin da ya aikata, amma yana da wani shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya (misali, hali cuta), wanda ba ya ba da damar da shi zuwa cikakken sarrafa sunã aikatãwa.

Saboda haka, kotun za ta yi la'akari da kasancewar shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya a cikin mutane da kuma iya bayar da shawarar da shi kallo da kuma lura da wani likita hauka, idan ya cancanta, a wani wuri inda za a aika azãba.

Laifuffukan da aka aikata yayin da m

Kada dame hukumar na laifi da mutum tare da wani shafi tunanin mutum da cuta da kuma wani mutum mãye da barasa ko kwayoyi. Shan barasa ne kawai dan lokaci takaita nufin da hankulansu ayyuka na mutum (sai dai a pathological maye). Saboda haka, wannan dalilin ba zai zama mai softening tushe a cikin hukuncin cewa musamman bayar da dokar.

na yara masu laifi

A cikin 'yan shekaru, yawan minors wanda aikata laifuka. Alal misali, yaro shekaru 15 ya aikata wani laifi. na bincike m da tabin hankali jarrabawa da aka za'ayi kafa cewa shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya ba sha. Duk da haka, da yaro ta ~ uka komai, a ci gaba, da cewa ba a hade tare da shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya.

A irin haka ne, mutum ne ba gaban shari'a saboda yana iya ba da cikakken yaba da ayyukansu, da sakamakon. Sau da yawa sosai nawa a shafi tunanin mutum da cin an haɗa ba kawai hijira a baya mai tsanani somatic ko cututtuka, da nazarin halittu halaye na da yaron ya maturation (hereditary, kwayoyin predisposition Pathology na endocrine tsarin, da dai sauransu), amma kuma zamantakewa dalilai (unfavorable rai yanayi da kuma tarbiyyar, traumatic psyche na halin da ake ciki a cikin iyali) . Wadannan yara sun ba tukuna kafa karfi-so siffofin da ikon da kafofin tantance halin da ake ciki. Sun kuma yi amfani da gwajin a kan psyche, wanda aka farko kõma da hankali ga wanzuwar shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya, da kuma musamman samuwar hali.

Saboda haka, ma'auni na fada bayan a shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaban na iya zama:

• low ilimi matakin.
• shafi tunanin mutum da rashin ci gaba.
• zamantakewa rashin ci gaba.
• antisocial hali.
• wuya hali.
• maximalism sha'awõwinsu.
• sha'awar kai-tabbatarwa.
• infantilism da sauransu.

Ga wani misali: A saurayi na shekaru 15, da ake zargi da sace wani rukuni na mutane. A binciken da aka gudanar, da gwajin ga psyche, sa'an nan ya bayyana cewa mai cikakken ya fahimci yanayin da ayyuka aikata by su iya ba, saboda bayan wani yarantaka ya fara wanzuwa a cikin ci gaban da shugaban rauni, ya nuna rashin ci gaba na hali, da ƙauna zuwa ga kula da majigin yara, don sadarwa tare da yara, matasa, fiye da shekaru kanta. Ya m ci gaban da yaro a layin da goma-goma sha shekaru. A sakamakon wadannan dalilai, da kotu samu da mai tsaro mahaukaci da shekaru.

Bincike tabin hankali jarrabawa

Hauka - shi ne wani al'amari da cewa an yanke shawarar da kotun kan cikar shari'a-tabin hankali da jarrabawa, wanda aka gudanar da wani likita hauka ko a hukumar na likitoci, na bincike masana kan shawarar da binciken ko da kotu ta yanke shawara.

nazarin hanyoyin

A lokacin da jarrabawa ta binciko:

• shafi tunanin mutum jihar na magana.
• da ikon yi jigon da batun da hatsarin da ayyukansa, kazalika da su zai yiwu sakamakon.
• da bukatar wani mutum zuwa involuntary magani.
• tambayoyi na procedural iya aiki, da damar su ta shiga da kuma bayar da shaida a kotu da sauransu.

ƙwazo

Idan dole, mafi m nazarin hali hadaddun m da tabin hankali jarrabawa iya sanya.

Bisa ga sakamakon binciken, yin dalilin a kan matsayi na mutum. The kotun za sa ta yanke shawara, shan la'akari da ra'ayin masana, amma cikar kanta ne kawai a shawarwarin.

don takaita

1. Hauka - wani yanayin rashin sumansa wani mutum daga duk wani abin alhaki. Yana Forms da dalilin da tuhuma game da.
2. Jihar hauka dogara ne a kan sharudda biyu: da kiwon lafiya da kuma nazarin halittu.
3. Rage nauyin yakan haifar da cewa mutum natsuwar tunanina, amma a lokacin da laifi ya kasance wata cuta da cewa ya hana a examinee zuwa cikakken fahimta da kuma shiryar da su ayyuka.
4. A gaban shafi tunanin mutum retardation, wanda ba a hade tare da shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya, zai iya sa saki daga abin alhaki a gaban doka, kuma kotuna.
5. Natsuwar tunanina da hauka - shari'a Concepts, don haka gane mutum na unsound hankali ne kawai zai iya zama a cikin kotun.
6. A ƙarshe daga cikin na bincike tabin hankali jarrabawa ne shawarwari a cikin yanayi, da kuma kotun za yanke shawara a ta hankali.

Da yake sane da alhakin da jama'a, da bangaren shari'a da ake sa wannan matsayi da matsananci taka tsantsan da kuma a kan tushen da bincike da hankali, ba ya exonerate laifi suke riyãwar ya zama tunani da rashin lafiya.