Ginshiƙin gada tushe da hannunsa: mataki zuwa mataki wa'azi, fasahar

Domin kananan gine-gine tare da wani girma yawa daga game da 1000 kg / m ^3, daya daga cikin mafi kyau mafita ne kafuwar ginshiƙai shirya a cikin ƙasa a wani zurfin. Tattaunawa game da yadda za a gina wani ginshiƙin gada tushe da hannunsa daga mataki zuwa mataki jagora ne quite dace har ma ga mutumin da ya mallaki na farko basira na yi.

Don yin wannan a hankali, kuma a zabi da dama kayan, da yin lissafi da kuma samun matsahi na saba da yi fasaha a daki-daki.

Idan ka mayar da hankali a kan sake dubawa na developers, amfanin columnar kafuwar wadannan:

• babban iri-iri iri na kayan rarraba kaya daidai.
• m kudin da kuma low amfani da kayan;
• low girma na yi.
• mai kyau karbuwa ga high lodi.

Domin nauyi gine-gine da kuma da wani babban matakin da ruwan karkashin kasa ba dace ginshiƙin gada tushe.

Yadda yin lissafi da tushe

A m zane gidan ko da yaushe san abin da kayan shi za a gina.

1. Definition na lodi a kan gidan. The nauyi na dukkan sassa na ginin domin sanin mai karye. Don wadannan suna kara da yanayi aza nauyi a ciki da abu. Yana kuma daukan la'akari da tasiri grillage kullum kerarre daga kankare tare da wani girma yawa na 2400 kg / m ^3.

2. Evaluation na ƙasa hali. Ginshiƙin gada kafuwar ga gidan da ake gina da hannunsa ne yawanci ba dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje da abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin da ƙasa. Babban nuna alama ne da juriya, wanda aka ƙaddara bisa ga alluna da kuma adana a cikin 1-6 kg / cm ^2. Its darajar ya dogara da abun da ke ciki da kuma porosity na kasar gona.

3. A adadin goyon baya. The hali damar da ginshiƙai shi ne dogara a kan taimakon surface. Yawancin lokaci tambaya gundura tara. Yana da kyawawa da cewa kasan sun kasance wani tsawo (takalma). Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da abun da ke ciki na kankare da ƙarfafa. A farar tsakanin goyan bayan dogara a kan lissafi kuma ba ya wuce 2.5 m. Sure kasancewarsu a duk kusassari a jamsin na ganuwar, a karkashin bim ko inda dabzar lodi.

kafuwar abu

Zaka iya zaɓar mai yawa zažužžukan a kan yadda za a gina wani columnar tushe da hannunsa. Materials iya zama sosai daban-daban, amma dole ne su zama na kirki quality. Suna nan kamar haka:

• itacen - for haske gidaje, saunas.
• ja bulo - ga talakawan tsanani daga gidajensu.
• Murƙushe dutse - for gine-gine tare da wani mai nauyi sassa.
• karfafa kankare - for nauyi gine-gine.

Ginshiƙin gada tushe da katakon ninkaya. Mataki zuwa mataki umarnin a kan gini

Gina gidajen ba haka wuya a lokacin da dukan aikin da aka raba raba da m matakai, wucewa smoothly daya cikin wani. Idan dagagge ginshiƙin gada tushe da hannunsa, mataki-mataki umarnin kamata hada da duk bulan na aikin:

1. Shiri. Barrantar yi site da kuma karkashin kafuwar Layer aka cire topsoil. Idan akwai ƙarƙashin ƙasa dauke lãka, dole ne yin backfill Layer yashi da tsakuwa.

A dandamali ne masu hada kai da kwance ta amfani da matakin. Don shi na samar da wani m abin hawa kulle tare da kayan da mixers tare da kankare.

2. Layout shirin a gida. Da farko alama da contours na gine-gine da kuma wuraren da ginshiƙai, wanda aka located tsananin tare da gatura. Sasanninta daga gidan tushe dole ne su kasance a mike. Don tabbatar da daidaitar fashewa da cibiyar Lines, kazalika da ƙananan tadawa na tare mahara a kan dacewa aikin.

3. The digging na rami don ginshikan. Fundam ne melkozaglublennym (70-100 cm) da kuma wani misali (100 cm). Na farko wani zaɓi ne mafi alhẽri dace ga m da yashi gona. A lãka da kuma rigar sashe sandunan dole ne a shuka a cikin babban zurfin. Rami digging ba lallai ba ne: da yiwu sandunan bugawa ko dunƙule dunƙule tara. The fi na kowa, kuma mafi arha hanya ne zuwa rawar soja rijiyoyin da kuma cika su da kankare.

4. concreting. A duhun rĩjiya aka sanya matashin kai daga cakuda da yashi da tsakuwa. Dogayen sanda suna concreted tsaye a cikin ƙasa a lokacin da shi ba ¡uraishi. A duk sauran lokuta kafa formwork na wadannan kayan:

- Boards, wani nisa ba wucewa 155 mm, Planed da kankare.

- qirqiro karfe garkuwoyi.

- yumbu bututu, asbestos ko karfe. Wurare da dama a sake dubawa ce game da amfanin da yin amfani da bututu, musamman a kan gangara zuwa canjawa da sako-sako da ƙasa.

- yin rufi ji, ya kumshe wadansu abubuwan da karfafa tare da waya ko waya raga a waje.

A kasa na yi aka yi liyi tare da wani waterproofing zoba ganuwar su hana yayyo na bayani ta hanyar wani tsaguwa shuttering.

5. Installation na kayan aiki. Ginshiƙai suna karfafa longitudinally da karfe sanduna. Su suna shigar vertically cikin rami kuma ɗaure da ƙuƙumma. Part ƙarfafa kamata magana a 15-30 cm sama da tushe domin kara mahadi da grillage.

6. Installation da ginshiƙai. Idan maƙera ne ajiye kankare, shi ne a ciyar da tare da sealing yadudduka vibrator. Ya kamata su kasance cikin rami ƙara da ƙarfi. A kankare kada ta kasance ma na bakin ciki ko lokacin farin ciki, don kara samar da zama dole ƙarfi da kuma hana fasa. Kafin a bukata ƙarfin da harbor film da kuma moisturize.

Lokacin da yada ginshiƙin gada kafuwar tubalin da hannunsa, ya lazimta amfani da sumunti turmi.

Karkacewa daga kwance ne a yarda ba fiye da 15 mm. Don gyara imbalances a nan gaba zai zama da wuya. A wani kwanciya ya kamata ba gibba.

Bayan curing, da goyon bayan mai rufi da mastic ko bitumen for waterproofing. Coatings amfani a 2 dasu tare da kwanciya therebetween da waje na yin rufi abu tube.

Kurakurai a cikin kwanciya kafuwar

Developers wanda gina gidaje a kan nasu, kada damar kasawa da tushe, sun fi mayar da shafi karko na gine-gine. A mafi yawan lokuta, wadannan kuskure:

1. M subsidence na tsarin saboda kasa zurfin su daban-daban da ginshiƙai ko binne.
2. The m rarraba da kaya a kan dogayen sanda.
3. Yi amfani domin gina low quality-kayan.
4. Ba kimanta da abun da ke ciki da kuma halaye na ƙasa.

Don samun dama ga gina wani ginshiƙin gada tushe da hannunsa, mataki-mataki umarnin da ya kamata a cikakken aiwatar a lokacin shiri.

Masana'antu na grillage

Domin load daidaita a kan dogayen sanda da kuma hana a kaikaice motsi a gida umarnin domin samar da kafuwar samar da dauri columnar goyon bayan a da wani na kowa monolithic tsarin da yin amfani da katakon ninkaya kafuwar - kwance takalmin katakon gyaran kafa sanduna. Ya shirya a tsawo daga ƙasa matakin.

Amfani domin gina da katako, karfe profiles ko kankare. Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa batu na abin da aka makala ga grillage sandunan kamar yadda ta AMINCI kayyade da zaman lafiyar na ginin.

Domin gina da karfafa kankare tushe na gine-gine a kan kewaye da a cikin wurare na load-qazanta ganuwar da wani katako formwork. Tu sa na firam kayan aiki, shi ne daidaita nasaba da doguwar sanduna da ginshiƙai, sa'an nan sanya kankare mix. Surface grillage masu hada kai da kuma shãfe haske fim daga bushewa fita.

Lokacin da kankare isa ga ƙarfi, waterproofing kuma shirya a saman don fara shigarwa benaye da ganuwar cocking.

Cikakken taro umarnin columnar tushe kuma ya hada da aiki da kuma tsari na waterproofing Zabirko.

waterproofing grillage

Top grillage yi waterproofing. Yana sanye take da hanyoyi da dama, na wanda ya fi kowa su ne:

1. Amfani a kan saman bitumen da kuma gauraye da shi da aka aza yin rufi abu.
2. A grillage grout aza a cakuda da yashi 1: 2. Sai plank yin rufi abu.

The na'urar Zabirko

Karkashin kasa sarari da aka kare daga weathering tsari Zabirko - wasan zorro na goyon bayan. An yi da itace, bulo, ko dutse. Kasa baza screed na kankare cewa hidima a matsayin akai. Don yin wannan, na farko yin mahara da kuma rufe da yashi kasa. Domin screed kafa na formwork allon kuma karfafa ayyukansa keji. Communication Zabirko tare da goyon bayan da aka yi domin kauce wa bayyanar fasa a shi a daftarin gidan.

Cap kokarin yi sama, sai da cewa tsarin ya dubi m. Yana yayi dace da tsawo daga cikin goyon bayan.

Columnar-tsiri tushe

A tushe daga cikin ginshiƙai, a hade tare da wani monolithic kankare frame, hadawa dukan abũbuwan amfãni daga da iri sansanonin. Lokacin gina columnar-tsiri harsãshensa, mataki-mataki umarnin sobldaetsya ne guda kamar yadda a gina wani katakon ninkaya. Goyon bayan shiga nisa a cikin zurfin, samar da kariya a kan yanayi ƙungiyoyi na ƙasa.

Suna rigidly da alaka da bel melkozaglublennym tushe, wucewa a karkashin load-hali tsarin da katangu. A gaba dayan tsarin mai cike da kankare a lokaci guda, inda ya zama mai ɗamfarar da monolithic. Lokacin da shirya wani bayani m kankare suya yadudduka. A amfani da vibrators ake bukata don cire kamar yadda zai yiwu daga cikin taro iska kumfa.

ƙarshe

Daban-daban versions na columnar tushe ne yadu amfani a cikin zaman gidan ginin. Yana siffofi high AMINCI, azumi yi da kuma m amfani da kayan gini.

Samun asali basira, da yawa developers iya gina wani ginshiƙin gada tushe da hannunsa. Mataki zuwa mataki umarnin zai taimaka wajen kauce wa kuskure da kuma yin wani m-akai.