Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich: a takaice biography

Dan biyu shahara kasida da aka Lev Gumilyov. Biography, na sirri rayuwa da kuma wasiyya da wannan tarihi na babban sha'awa ga mai fadi da kewayon mutane. Shi ne sananne duka biyu kamar yadda wani mutum da matsayin dan babban kasida. Ga dalilan biyu don Masana su kusa.

Gumilev Lev - Rasha tarihi, ethnologist, Doctor of Kasa da Historical Sciences. Shi ne marubucin rukunan kabilun da bil'adama a matsayin biosocial Categories. Leo karatu da ethnogenesis, ta makamashin shuke-shuken rinjaye, wanda ya kira passionarity.

Origin da kuma yaranta

Oktoba 14 1912 a Tsarskoye Selo aka haife Gumilev Lev Nikolaevich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin ya ƙwarai da cewa, uwãyensa sun kasance mai girma Rasha mawãƙi A. A. Ahmatova kuma N. Gumilev. Gumilyovs aure m up a 1918, sa'an nan kuma yaron ya rayu tare da shi da uwa tasa, sa'an nan kakarsa a Bezhetsk. An sani cewa dangantakarsa da cũtar Andreevnoy ya kasance kullum wuya. A cikin photo kasa - Lev Gumilyov daga iyayensu.

Ilimi da kuma kama, a cikin yaki

Leo, a 1934 sai ya shiga Birnin Leningrad, Jami'ar Jihar, Faculty of Tarihi. Duk da haka, bayan na farko shekara ya aka fara kama. Ba da da ewa Lva Gumileva aka saki, amma ya gagara digiri na biyu. Tuni a cikin shekara 4 th a 1938, sai aka sake kama domin halartar wani dalibi ta kungiyar 'yan ta'adda. Gumilyov aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru 10 a sansanonin. Daga baya, ya ƙaddara aka zafin. Tolstoy kamata su bauta 5-shekara sharuddan a Norilsk. Bayan wannan lokacin, a 1943, ya aka aiki a Turukhansk da kuma kusa da Norilsk. Sa'an nan Gumilev suka tafi wajen ƙofar. Ya yi yaƙi har da nasarar anti-aircraft Gunners. Don Berlin zo Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich. Brief biography na masanin kimiyya, kamar yadda za ka iya gani, ba kawai alama ta nasarori a fagen tarihi.

Kariya na farko taƙaitaccen labari

Tolstoy a shekarar 1946 ya wuce da waje Nazarin, a Jami'ar, sa'an nan ya ci gaba da ilimi a Cibiyar Nazarin Oriental, inda ya yi karatu a digiri na biyu makaranta. Ya PhD rubutun da aka shirya, amma a shekarar 1947, wani masanin kimiyya, an fitar daga cikin institute saboda shawarar da mujallu "Leningrad" da "Star", rene ta kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU (b). Wannan ƙuduri wadai kerawa Anny Andreevny Ahmatovoy. Duk da dukan matsaloli, Tolstoy har yanzu gudanar don kare rubutun tare da goyon bayan Birnin Leningrad, masana ilimi.

sabon kama

A shekarar 1949 Gumilev LN Brief biography ya aka kama a sake, kamar yadda ka gani, yana cike da aka kama. Ya aka saki kawai a 1956, da kuma a lokaci guda da cikakken gyara. Sai ya juya daga cewa abubuwa na wani laifi ba su samu a cikin ayyuka na ENU. Total Tolstoy da aka kama 4 sau. A cikin duka, ya yi ciyarwa, a cikin Stalin ta sansanonin na tsawon shekaru 15.

Doctoral dissertations da wallafe Gumilyov

Komowa zuwa Birnin Leningrad, Gumilyov samu ta wucin gadi aiki a cikin hermitage. A shekarar 1961, ya samu nasarar kare doctoral rubutun a kan "Ancient Turks VI-Sabunta ƙarni.". Da masu bincike sa'an nan ya dauki wani aiki a Cibiyar yanayin kasa, located a kasa baiwa na Birnin Leningrad, Jami'ar Jihar. A nan sai ya yi aiki har sai ja da baya, abin da ya faru a shekarar 1986.

Geographic doctorate Gumilev Lev kare a shekara ta 1974. Duk da haka, da Certification Hukumar bai amince da digiri. Rubutum aiki Gumilyov "Ethnogenesis da biosphere na Duniya" da aka haramta buga, amma sai aka rarraba a samizdat.

Kawai a 1959 sai ya fara rayayye buga Lev Gumilyov. Biography da aikinsa ba da damar ne na babban amfani a tsarar masana kimiyya. Ya mallaki fiye da 220 takardunku, ciki har da da dama monographs. A post-Stalin lokacin da ra'ayoyi na Lva Gumileva soki a hukuma wallafe, amma riga sun kasance babu zalunci da shi. Kawai a cikin farkon shekarun 1980s. da ya kwarara daga cikin wallafe da aka tsaya a taƙaice. Lvu Gumilevu ya koma al'amarin ga kwamitin tsakiya. Ya rubuta wata wasika a kan haramcin su wallafe. D. S. Lihachev da sauran masana tarihi na lokacin taimaka masa.

Personal rai

'Yan litattafan tsira ga rayuwarsa Lev Gumilyov. Biography, iyali da kuma yara - duk da sha'awar da magoya. A cikin sirri rai na Leo Tolstoy, ba za mu tafi cikin cikakken bayani. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci facts kamata a lura. A 1967 ya aure Gumilyov N. V. Simonovskoy, artist (shekaru na rayuwa - 1920-2004). Ya hadu da ita a watan Yuni 1966. The biyu zauna tare shekaru 24 da haihuwa, har mutuwar Leo Tolstoy. Bisa ga ra'ayin wasu, da aure yake cikakke. Wife Gumilyov ya sadaukar da dukan rai. Ta bar tsohon da'irar abokai da kuma aiki. A zabi na Tolstoy tasirin da ya so ba to da yara: shi shekaru 46, da kuma shi kansa yayin da ya ƙaunataccen - 55.

A dangantaka da Slavophiles da nationalists

Gumilyov m Yunƙurin a shahararsa ya faru a cikin post-Soviet zamanin. Littattafan da aka buga a babbar bugu. Ra'ayin siyasa, da masanin kimiyyar, wanda ya bayyana a cikin rediyo da kuma talabijin watsa shirye-shiryen, a kasidunsu kasance biyu anti-Western da kuma anti-kwaminis. Wannan ya sa shi wata alama ce anti-liberalism. Tolstoy na ƙarshe game da "Slavic-Turkic symbiosis" da aka tsince Russification a nuna na 90s. Wadannan mutane suna da wani mummunan hali zuwa ra'ayi na masana kimiyya a kan taro ta karkiya, a maimakon haka, ta hanyar, m. A bisa shawara da aka dauka up da Slavophiles matsayin gaskata ga wani sabon akida na Rasha jihar. Nationalists Turkic al'ummai inhabiting da Tarayyar Soviet, kuma ake magana a kai Tolstoy ta. Domin su, Gumilev Lev ya gida da bude kofa dalĩli.

"A ka'idar ethnogenesis" da kuma kimiyya

Gumilev dauki kansa "karshe Eurasian". Duk da haka, ya halicci "ka'idar ethnogenesis" reminiscent na Eurasianism kawai a general sharuddan. Daga cikin ra'ayi na mai kimiyya, kamar tarihi, tunani da masanin kimiyyar ba za a iya dauke da wani ka'idar. Duk da haka, Gumilev Lev jawabi da farko zuwa Soviet fasaha kawo dukkan, kuma ba su 'yan'uwanmu masana tarihi. By lokacin da fasaha kawo dukkan balaga da tofin Allah tsine da cewa tarihi na Tarayyar Soviet - shi ne wani kayan aiki na farfaganda, ba kimiyya, cewa shi ne ƙarya. Tolstoy ta tarihi jarrabawa taso shakka daga kimiyya a matsayin ba ta tabbatar. Duk da haka, da "ka'idar ethnogenesis" a gaban magoya daga ENU ba ya rasa. Leo hukunci game da tarihin ta fuskar kimiyyar yanayin halitta kuma su kimiyya kawo dukkan dauke kasa compromised fiye da agaji.

Babban arziki da ka'idar ENU

Lev Gumilyov gina ka'idarsa a kan tabbatarwa da cewa "kabilun" - wani irin nazarin halittu kwayoyin. Bã su da lokaci da matasa, balaga da kuma tsufa. Gumilyov hada da wani yawan kabilun da ba kawai kai tsaye kabilun, amma kuma siyasa, addini da kuma ko sana'a. Ya yi imani cewa daga haihuwa zuwa mutuwa, yana daukan game 1200-1500 shekaru. Bisa ga masanin kimiyya ta ra'ayi na zargin sabon kabilun ne a sakamakon "m turu", wanda tsokani daga sarari radiation. Akwai wasu da suke da "karin" to juna, da kuma akwai antagonistic. Bugu da kari ga lafiya, akwai "chimeric" insidious kabilu, parasitic kwayoyin sauran. Healthy ma da daban-daban dangantaka da hanyoyin yanayin muhalli da kuma "reno wuri mai faɗi" da kuma bambanta bisa ga halaye.

Gumilev halitta ka'idarsa, kokarin fahimtar me ya sa, a tsakiyar zamanai da kuma tsufa a cikin Great Steppe lura undulations da sauri kabilanci tafiyar matakai. Lalle ne sũ, sau da yawa sun kasance a cikinsu ko ta wani hanya, da nasaba da canza yanayin damina. Saboda haka, wasu har haxe masana kimiyya wuri mai faɗi da kuma ethnos wajaba a kansa. Duk da haka, da "ka'idar ethnogenesis" rasa yiwuwa na sakamakon cikakkar Gumilyov rawa na halitta dalilai. Kalmar "passionarnost", mallakar Lev Nikolayevich, ya fara rayuwa da rãyukansu. The masana kimiyya amfani da shi koma ga asalin kabilar fafatukar. Yanzu, duk da haka, wannan lokaci ne ba zai yi ba tare da Gumilev ta "ka'idar ethnogenesis."

Yuni 15, 1992 a St. Petersburg, ya rasu Lev Gumilyov. Biography, iyali da kuma al'adunmu na kimiyyar da aka takaice dauke da mu. Yanzu ka sani, don haka cewa ya zama Popular dan biyu mai girma Rasha kasida.