Groups na horar da shuke-shuke. Misalai na horar da shuke-shuke da sunayen

Na dogon lokaci zuwa kafa a isasshe kusa dangane da mutum Flora. Akwai wasu jinsunan da aka dasa a cikin mutane da kansu, su kula da seedlings, sa'an nan girbi. Amma a cikin yanayi akwai jinsunan cewa ci gaba ko da kuwa mutum aiki. Horar da shuke-shuke, wanda sunayen da aka bã a kasa, su ne na musamman muhimmancin ga mutane. Wane ne jinsunan kunshe a wannan category? A wannan, kazalika da abin da tsire-tsire masu ladabi, daga baya a cikin wannan labarin.

janar bayanai

Groups na horar da shuke-shuke, wanda za a jera a kasa, suna girma da mutum ga feed for gona da dabbobi, da abinci, da masana'antu, da magani da sauran albarkatun kasa, kuma ga sauran dalilai. Kamar yadda na takwas edition na kasa da kasa Code of nomenclature, a yau gane sassa uku a cikin abin da rabuwa ne da za'ayi a karkashin shawara na Flora. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, sun hada da bayyanar, kungiyar da kuma Grex (ga orchids). Sun samu kome daga daji iri. A wannan yanayin, shi shafi selection, hybridization, ko kayyade aikin injiniya hanyoyin. Lokacin da neman daji iri don jan iri na amfanin gona shuke-shuke da m amfani, kafa rukunan cibiyoyin asalin agricultures. Saboda haka, Vavilov takaita da samuwa ilimi, gano 7 manyan cibiyoyin. Wajibi ne a ce cewa kungiyar na horar da shuke-shuke, kamar yadda tsayayya wa daji iri, ba na halitta tsawo zones (yankunan).

Gyara na cikin daji iri

A sakamakon waddan daji al'ada fara ba high da ake samu a cikin sabon yanayi ko sabon gona - a yanayi sabon abu a gare su. A sakamakon haka, wasu iri sun canza saboda yanzu yana da wuya a gane su da kakanninsu. Don inganta yawan aiki na agricultures mutane suka fara amfani da takin. A lokaci guda, ya dauki da yaki da kwari da yin amfani da kwari da kuma fungicides.

Horar da shuke-shuke. Misalai. rarrabuwa

Akwai wadannan kungiyoyin na horar da shuke-shuke:

1. Ado (Rose).
2. Hatsi da kuma hatsi (msl, alkama, masara, shinkafa).
3. Legumes (soya, wake, da dai sauransu).
4. A sugar (sugar gwoza).
5. Krahmalonosnye (dankali, zaki dankali).
6. Fiber.
7. Oilseeds (sunflower).
8. Fruit (apples, pears, abarba).
9. Kayan lambu (fennel, cucumbers, tumatir).
10. Cucurbits (kankana, kankana).
11. Stimulant (poppy, kofi, shayi).

description

amfanin gona kungiyar m daidai da halaye daban-daban. An yadu amfani da rarrabuwa bisa ga tattalin arziki manufar wani musamman iri-iri. Alal misali, akwai kungiyoyin na magunguna, zuma, rini, kadi, fodder, abinci, masana'antu albarkatun gona da kuma sauran amfanin gona. Kamar yadda wani bambancin da wannan rarrabuwa (kasa dace da, sabili da haka, da wuya amfani) na iya zama mai rabuwa daidai da abubuwa ba, a cikinta. A wannan yanayin, ya bambanta, misali, alkaloidosoderzhaschie, belkosoderzhaschie, zhirnomaslinichnye da sauransu. Har ila yau, sau da yawa amfani da kuma gauraye rarrabuwa: tare da abinci, magunguna, da abinci, ya zama ruwan dare kamar yadda oilseeds, fibrous, yaji-aromatic kungiyoyin na horar da shuke-shuke. Duk da haka, mafi ma'ana da kuma gaba daya modified tsarin yana dauke da za a classified bisa ga reshe manufa.

Rabuwa bisa ga aikin noma da masana'antu

Masana sun gano kungiyoyin na horar da shuke-shuke da irin noma: 'ya'yan girma, kayan lambu girma da kuma filin aiki. Haka kuma, akwai 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan lambu da kuma filin irin. A karshen, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi tushen (radish, karas, gwoza), leaf (latas, alayyafo, kabeji), 'ya'yan itãcen marmari (kokwamba, tumatir), kara (bishiyar asparagus, kohlrabi), kwararan fitila (tafarnuwa, albasa). Kamar yadda na musamman subgroup a lokuta da dama suna dauke da dandano (Aromatic) da amfanin gona shuke-shuke (faski, dill). Tubers ne tubers tare da edible iri. Daga cikin babban abinci ya kamata a kira dankalin turawa (a Turai), rogo da kuma yams (a Afirka).

filin sa

Wannan rukuni na shuke-shuke sun hada da hatsi (hatsi - hatsin rai, alkama, legumes - lentils, waken soya, Peas, hatsi sa - gero, buckwheat, Tushen (turnip, gwoza), tubers (dankalin turawa), kadi (hemp, flax, auduga .), mai (mustard, gyada, sunflower), fodder amfanin gona (alfalfa, Clover) a wasu lokuta, a filin sifa da kankana iri hada da kabewa, kankana, kankana, amma ita yawanci more dace don la'akari da su kamar yadda raba al'adu a ko dai format. kayan al'adu kungiyoyin. cewar masana, ya dace ma dabam ware magani daraja (valerian, foxglove, da dai sauransu), da muhimmanci man (lavender, coriander), kazalika da takamaiman iri (Shag taba).

'ya'yan iri

Wannan kungiyar qunshi aikin noma, wanda ba da m 'ya'yan itace. Su, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi dutse 'ya'yan itace (apricot, plum, ceri), pome' ya'yan itace (Quince, pear, apple), berries (currants, strawberries, raspberries, strawberries). A cikin wannan kungiya, a wasu lokuta sun hada da 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus (orange, lemun tsami), kwaya (hazelnut, almond, gyada). A 'ya'yan itace ne, wani lokacin kasaftawa subgroup subtropical iri. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, sun hada da medlar, rumman, fig. Kusa da 'ya'yan itace da Berry suna dauke amfanin gona, irin tashi kwatangwalo, buckthorn da sauran vitaminonosnye.

hatsi

A cikin dukan rukuni na filin amfanin gona na hatsi suna dauke da mafi muhimmanci. Daga cikin mafi rare iri kamata a lura da shinkafa, alkama, hatsin rai, hatsi, masara, gero. Wadannan al'adu a daban-daban data zauna game da uku-bariki na duniya ta arable ƙasar. Alkama da aka girma kusan ko'ina: shi ne babban burodi ga wanda ya ci a kowace rana. Sashe na daga cikin girbi, a Bugu da kari, da ake amfani da ciyar da shanu. Babu kasa muhimmanci da amfanin gona yana dauke siffa A kasashen Asiya an dauke wani matsakaitan abinci. A atomatik taro, sussuka, msl, alkama hada, hatsi da aka samu tsarki. Kammala raka'a, mutumin adapts su tattara da kuma sauran amfanin gona, kamar waken soya da masara da sauransu.