Gero - cewa ... Albarkar Gona

A al'adar dafa gero porridge aka kafe a cikin zurfin baya. Gero - ne daɗaɗɗe hatsi, ya samu shiga Rasha daga kasar Sin ko Mongolia. Goge hatsi shuka ne alkama.

Babban aiki yanki

A halin yanzu, akwai har zuwa 500 jinsunan gero. Cropping yankunan al'ada shagaltar da mazauna m da kuma Semi-m sauyin yanayi. Daga Asia (China, Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) asusu na kan 55% na duniya gero samar. A kasashen Afrika (Najeriya, da Habasha, Mali, Tanzania, Uganda, Senegal) - har zuwa 25%. A tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ne yafi gero an girma a cikin steppe yankuna da Ukraine da kuma Kazakhstan a matsayin abinci da hatsi, da kuma a cikin Jamhuriyar Belarus - a matsayin fodder.

Gero a Rasha

A cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation akwai 8 irin shuke-shuke, da kuma horar da kawai 2 daga cikinsu: talakawa gero - Panicum muliaceum L. (hatsi) da kuma capitate - Setaria italica L (kore taro domin abincin dabbobi).

Dangane da horo inflorescences talakawa gero yana 5 subspecies: m da Komov (ladabi a matsayin thermophilic da fari), da kuma yada branchy (kasa thermophilic, iya girma ko da a Nechernozemie) da kuma matsa (wilted).

Setar (Italian, Borovoye gero) an horar da a Far East. Yana yana 2 subspecies - gero da tsoro.

Babban amfanin gona na gero talakawa mayar da hankali a yammacin Siberia, Bashkiria, a cikin Tsakiya Black Duniya, da m ƙasashe na Arewa Caucasus. Yankin sown farkon maturing iri na gero, an kullum kara a Non-Black Duniya da kuma Eastern Siberia.

nazarin halittu siffofin

Gero - ne shekara-shekara, kai pollinating, photophilous shuka. Ciyayi ne takaice - daga biyu zuwa hudu watanni. Lokacin da dasa a fadi ba bakwai m mai tushe, yawanci tillering - 2-3 zangarniya.

Babban amfanin gona (hatsin rai, alkama, sha'ir, hatsi) da narrower ganye a kan kara fiye da gero. Inflorescence - panicle na jinsuna daban daga yada zuwa dunƙule.

Tushen iya shiga cikin rabin mita zurfi, amma babban feed taro located in a Layer na har zuwa 40 santimita.

Girmancin bayan germination ne m (2-3 makonni), saboda wannan dalilin, da shuka ya sãɓa bad girma weeds. Gero - mai shuka, m to Stock sama danshi a cikin sama da ƙasa Layer: da more danshi, da bunkasa nodal tushen sauri. A karkashin yanayin unfavorable iya faruwa mazaunin wani duka da breakage asalinsu. A tsanani ya dogara da danshi tillering stock gina jiki samuwa, kunna shuka lokaci (May 15), da zama dole iri zurfin (5 cm) m weeds.

m aikin injiniya

Gero ne mai kyau belay a shuka a lokacin da sauran amfanin gona (duka biyu hunturu da kuma bazara) bai germinate ko ya mutu. Wannan shi ne saboda da marigayi dasa lokaci - daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa watan Yuni. Tsaba fara germinate tare ne kawai a fairly high yanayin zafi - 14 digiri, an dauke mafi kyau zafin jiki na 18 digiri.

Gero - An wuya ga ƙasa tsarin da shuka: mafi girma da ake samu lura a kan tsarin chernozem da chestnut kasa (har zuwa 50 ton a kowace kadada). Horar da ƙasa da tsaka tsaki da kuma dan kadan alkaline dauki a lokacin da danshi ne isasshen headroom iya stably ba high da ake samu.

Saboda gaskiya cewa weediness take kaiwa zuwa runtse da ake samu, shi wajibi ne a hankali za a shirya a ƙasa domin dasa: snegouderzhanie, farkon tsoratar game (riga lokacin farko weeds germinate) har uku a jere cultivations a high tarkace.

Domin m da ake samu spring bukatar barbarar - alli, phosphorus, nitrogen. Wannan ba bukatar, idan precursors na gero dankali ko beets: ƙasa haihuwa ya rage high. Girbi mai kyau na gero da ake samu, bayan hunturu amfanin gona. A monoculture mutu saboda shan kashi fungal cututtuka.

Babban kwari da shuke-shuke - thrips, midges gurasa, cicadas, kara borer.

Da ake samu na gero ne matalauta a Rasha: daga 8 zuwa 12 ton a kowace kadada, yayin da a cikin Soviet zamanin a cikin Kazakhstan shahara a duk fadin kasar samu Chaganak Bercy girbi kusan 156 kilo a kowace kadada, a 1941, da kuma a 1943 - 201.

abinci muhimmanci

The nauyi na gero don ciyar da shige da gwajin lokaci: gero a Rasha ne na biyu ne kawai zuwa Girkanci.

Don sha'ir hatsi da aka sarrafa. Gero vacated kawai a kan m harsashi flower kira Dranets. Bayan nika gero samu. Murƙushe - byproduct a lokacin nika. Kuma gaye flakes - sakamakon thermal da kuma na inji jiyya na alkama.

Rating gero saboda sinadirai (har zuwa 13% gina jiki, game da 81% sitaci, 3.8% m), daidaita dandano (alama abubuwa da kuma ma'adinai salts) magani Properties (bitamin B kungiyar abun ciki mafi girma fiye da na sauran hatsi), da kuma 'yanci razvarivaemosti high digestibility.

Tasiri na hatsi hatsi a kan ingancin launi

By gero hatsi launi tsanani ya kasu kashi uku iri: na farko da irin - fari da kuma cream launi, na biyu - ja gero (duk inuwõyinta suna kusa, wannan fanni zuwa duhu launin ruwan kasa), da uku - da rawaya launi. Iri na horar da gero RF Orlowski da Dwarf Vsepodolyanskoe-59 iyãkance wa na farko da irin; Standard Gorlinka, Barnaul-80 Orenburgskoe-9-6 Saratov, Saratov-3, Omsk-10 Lipetskoe - na biyu kuma Kinelskoye-92 Belgorodskoye-1, 8-Kharkov da Kharkov-57 - da na uku.

Launi hatsi dogara a kan gaban ko babu anthocyanins (colorants). Da zuciyar (gero) yana mai haske launi (m yellow) launin, bayar da m hatsi daidai da sama kamar yadda mabukaci inganci da farashin.

forage darajar

Gero - shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na rage cin abinci a cikin dabba husbandry da kuma wuraren kiwon kaji noma.

Unpolished hatsi na gero da ake amfani da matsayin abinci ga tsuntsaye: hens ƙara kwai samarwa, da kara karfin harsashi da kaza gero porridge da hatsi - da zama dole iko. Gero gari a cikin cakuda da abinci Additives turkakkun aladu da kuma geese. Ya tõzarta daga noman alkama amfani da shiri na abincin dabbobi, da kuma yadda dabzar abincin dabbobi.

Gero bambaro ne yafi muhimmanci da matsayin roughage fiye da bambaro na wasu hatsi, kamar yadda bayan girbi ya rage kore da kuma da yawa daga ganye.

Fresh gero (kore) - mai kyau abinci ga shanu , da na tumaki, don haka ne quite sau da yawa shuka makiyaya.

Duk wani daji tsuntsu iri ne a gwada wa na gero. Kwanan nan, akwai wani aiki na tilasta gero kan ganye a cikin iyaka yawa (kwantena, yi mats) duka biyu na ado da kuma ga kaji.

Formation farashin ga gero a Rasha

Saboda babban birnin kasar ajiya hade da biyu da nazarin halittu halaye (sosai lafiya hatsi, da na bukatar samun iska ko sanyaya), da kuma dogaro a kan yanayin, sau da yawa miƙa sayarwa fodder gero. Farashin tsĩrar da hatsi ya dogara da ingancin: kusanta zuwa ga bukatun na da misali, don haka shi ne a sama. Data kasance samar da bukatun don aiki na hatsi m isa kuma ba duk m kamfanonin (ko da ya fi girma) zai iya samar a gare su. Export na gero a cikin gida noma kera wuya zo. Babban shigo ne daga Turkey da kuma Mongolia - kasashen samar da high quality-gero.