Geothermal makamashi - mai kyauta daga Uwar Duniya

A halin yanzu kudi na makamashi amfani da bil'adama da dama sun dade da damuwa game da ra'ayin finiteness albarkatun amfani, musamman man fetur da kuma iskar gas. Kuma shi ya sa za ka yi tunani game da yin amfani da wasu, wadanda ba al'ada makamashi kafofin. Kamar yadda daya daga wadannan kafofin, bisa ga masana kimiyya, za su iya aiki geothermal makamashi.

A da ginshikin - yana da makamashi, wanda da zurfin filin na Duniya. Kamar yadda bincike ya masana kimiyya, akwai zazzabi dan tudu a 20-30 ° C for kowane kilometer zurfi a cikin ƙasa. A zurfin 10 km dangi zuwa ga surface zazzabi iya isa wani sosai nagari dabi'u (300 ° C). A nan ne ciki zafin jiki da kuma samar da geothermal makamashi kafofin.

A wasu lokuta, su za a iya gani da kuma aiki da tare da wani ƙarin kokarin. Kawai isa ya tuna da kwarin Geysers a Kamchatka, ko da yawa wasu wurare inda ƙasar geysers da kuma maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi. Wannan geothermal makamashi ba za a iya amfani da kawai ya iya yin amfani da shi, kana bukatar ka gina wasu irin inji cewa za su iya kama wannan makamashi, da kuma zai juya cikin wani abu mafi saba, wannan makamashi domin mu.

Don kwanan wata, akwai hanyoyi biyu, kyale a gudanar da wani amfani da geothermal makamashi:

-neposredstvennoe amfani da zafin rana.

-Getting wutar lantarki.

Abin baƙin ciki, da kai tsaye da yin amfani da zafin rana mai yiwuwa ne kawai a wasu wurare, kamar a Japan da kuma Iceland. Tare da irin wannan hanya ko a ruwan zafi tushen da ake amfani da dumama ko zafi exchangers aka saka, sau da yawa kai tsaye a mahakar.

Don shirya musamman domin wutar lantarki geothermal ikon shuke-shuke. A wannan yanayin, geothermal makamashi da ake amfani, ma, a hanyoyi da dama:

-in da case ke kai tsaye zuwa bushe tururi samar daga mahakar, abu don mai tsanani yankunan zurfi a cikin ƙasa. By wannan ruwa ne pumped zurfin mahakar, a can ne mai tsanani da kuma canza kama zuwa tururi. Wannan bushe tururi aka kawota ga injin turbin ruwan wukake, abin da koran da janareta armature, inda karshen haifar da wani wutar lantarki.

-used mai tsanani ruwa, shi ake kawota a karkashin matsin lamba daga kasa na evaporator, inda matsa lamba sharply rage-rage, da ruwa evaporates da generated tururi aka kawota ga injin turbin ruwan wukake, wanda ya jũya a janareta kai tsaye zuwa anga.

-used ake kira "binary" hanya. A wannan yanayin, geothermal makamashi heats da ruwa. Wannan ruwa mai shiga zafi Exchanger, inda aka kona ta hanyar zafi musayar tare da wani matsakaici a zazzabi na vaporization fiye da ruwa. Tururi kawota ga injin turbin, da kuma cewa gudãnar da janareta armature sa yanzu.

A duk wadannan lokuta, da ruwa rage, bayan da danshin tsari za a iya amfani da sarari dumama.

Ga hanyoyi geothermal makamashi za a iya amfani da shi don sakawa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa na farko geothermal shuka da aka gina a Italiya da baya a 1904, yana aiki a yanzu. Akwai su da yawa wasu irin wannan geothermal ikon shuke-shuke a California, game da 5% na wutar lantarki lissafta ga geothermal ikon shuke-shuke, da kuma sun yi aiki a cikin El Salvador, kuma a Iceland.

Reserves na geothermal makamashi ne da gaske inexhaustible da nisa ƙetare samuwa reserves na burbushin habaka. Domin geothermal ikon shuke-shuke drawback shi ne cewa su za a iya sanya shi a cikin wurare inda akwai maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi. Duk da haka, shi ya riga ya samu ci gaba da kuma gwada a cikin tashar, kyale su samu geothermal makamashi a ko'ina.

Saboda haka, ba bayani damar zuwa la'akari da geothermal makamashi daya daga cikin yiwu makamashi wadata zabin a cikin depletion na m albarkatun.