Basic salts. Category 'borates'

Basic salts ne isasshe babban rukuni na mahadi. Wannan kungiyar hada borates, halides, nitrites, sulfites. A rukuni na "asali salts" hada carbonates, nitrates, sulfates.

Borates category hada da dama iri sadarwa. A musamman, borates hada metaboric (NVO2), orthoboric (H3BO3), da kuma free jihar a unselected polibornye acid. A daidai da yawan boron kwayoyin halitta, wadannan asali salts kasu kashi hexa-, tetra-, di-, monoborates, da dai sauransu Borates iya koma ga acid kafa su, da kuma yawan moles na B2O3, wanda asusun for 1 mole na asali oxide.

Hulda da karfe salts (ammonium, Alkali da sauransu) a wani mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka na daya yakan haifar da samuwar ne yawanci anhydrous da hydrated metaborates na MVO2 irin pentaboratov MV5O8 tetraborate M2V4O7 da sauransu.

Borates ne a colorless crystal ko amorphous abu. Suna kullum halin da low-fasali tsarin - rhombic ko monoclinic.

Anhydrous borates mallaka a narkewa batu a cikin kewayon 500 - 2000 digiri. A mafi fusible hada Alkali karfe metaborates, kuma orthoborates meta- da alkaline duniya mahadi. Mafi yawa daga cikin abubuwa gare sanyaya narke sauƙi samar da gilashin.

A asarar ruwa na crystallization a hydrated monoborates auku a game da mutum ɗari da tamanin, kuma a polyborates - ɗari uku, da ɗari biyar digiri. Complete dehydration sakamakon a cikin samuwar amorphous kayan da sha crystallization a ɗari biyar - ɗari takwas digiri. A sakamakon wannan "rearrangement" na m bazuwar da kuma saki na sadarwa B2O3.

Domin borates Alkali karafa halin da ikon narke a cikin ruwa. Wannan shi ne musamman halayyar Penta da metaborate. Wadannan asali salts su ne mafi yawa da zuciya sha bazuwar acid. A wasu lokuta, bazuwar auku a ƙarƙashin rinjayar SO2 da CO2.

Borates nauyi, kuma alkaline duniya karafa ne iya hulɗa tare da alkaline, carbonate da hydrocarbonate bayani. A anhydrous mahadi more chemically resistant fiye da hydrated. Tare da wani yawan alcohols da glycerol, musamman, borates form gidaje da suke da narkewa a cikin ruwa. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da karfi oxidants H2O2, musamman, ko da electrochemical hadawan abu da iskar shaka faruwa a canji na peksoboraty.

A yanayi, da muka sani da oda na ɗari da borates. Amma, suna salts na MG, Na, Fe, ca. Ba dole ne a ce cewa wadannan abubuwa suna fairly da kafa. A musamman, da chlorides daga wadannan abubuwa da dama irin wannan abubuwa a matsayin "fasaha gishiri" wanda, bi da bi, da ake amfani a daban-daban da masana'antu.

Anhydrous borates ne dehydration. Har ila yau, amfani da sintering ko fusing na B2O3 da carbonates ko karfe oxides. The guda lu'ulu'u suna girma a zubi oxides, kamar Bi2O3. Shiri na hydrated borates interconversion halayen Yi talauci mai narkewa mahadi da ruwa-ruwa mafita Alkali karfe borates kungiyar ta amfani da neytrolizatsii H3BO3 hydroxides, oxides ko carbonates na karafa.

Borates amfani a cikin shirye-shiryen da sauran boron mahadi. Musamman, a matsayin cakuda aka gyara a samar da gilashin enamels, glazes, yumbu. A mahadi amfani a samar da fireproof coatings da impregnations. Borates ana amfani da refining a matsayin juyi a brazing da waldi karafa. Aiwatar da su a matsayin fillers da pigments for Paints da varnishes, mordants ga rini, kazalika da hanawa da (retarding) lalata da electrolyte aka gyara da kuma sauran phosphors. A mafi yawan amfani da alli borate da kuma borax.