George Gamow: biography da kuma hoto

George Gamow - a duniya-sanannen astrophysicist, likita da kuma kimiyya popularizer. Masana kimiyya suka zo daraja godiya ga rubuta ayyuka a ilmin halitta, cosmology, makaman nukiliya da kuma atomic kimiyyar lissafi, astrophysics kuma jimla makanikai.

The masanin kimiyya ne na farko wanda ya iya m matsalar da kwayoyin code. Haka kuma an dauke su da farko, don fito da wani gwada yawa ka'idar alpha lalace, shi ne ya kafa ka'idar "zafi duniya".

Ƙananan yara da kuma matasa

Gamow George Antonovich haife hudu a watan Maris shekara ta 1904 a birnin Odessa, a wani iyali na malamai. Macen ta mutu da wuri. Mahaifina ya wani malamin Rasha harshen da kuma adabi a wata makaranta. George ta kakanninmu masu sojoji da firistoci.

Uba George ya yarda da gaskiyar cewa ɗansa shi ya m na ilmin halitta, kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin taurari. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa George Gamow a 1921 shiga Odessa University, zabi cikin Physics da lissafi Faculty. Na gudanar da ba kawai karatu tukuru, amma aikatãwa kalkuleta a wani astronomical Observatory.

Birnin Leningrad, University

A 1922, Gamov cafe Antonovich shiga Birnin Leningrad, University a Physics da lissafi Faculty. Wannan makaranta ya sa'an nan tsakiyar nascent jiki kimiyya a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Don rayuwa da ake bukata da kudi, don haka nan gaba masana kimiyya samu zuwa aikin da wani mai tsaro a yanayin tashar.

A cikin watan Satumba 1923, ya zama shugaban Field harbi meteorological Observatory na farko makaranta, inda ya lectured a kan kimiyyar lissafi. Tuni a 1924, Gamow yi aiki a Jihar Tantancewar Institute, tasowa da hanyoyin da kin amincewa da Tantancewar gilashi.

Aiki a kasashen waje. A ka'idar alpha lalata

A 1926 ya sauke karatu daga jami'a, kuma sa suna a digiri na biyu makaranta Gamow George Antonovich. Biography of masana kimiyya ci gaba da cewa ya kuma an zabe wani dan takarar da wani horon a Jamus. Amma duk takardun da ake bukata domin shi sun kasance a shirye kawai a 1928.

Gamow yanke shawarar daukar tsanani da ka'idar da atomic tsakiya da kuma zaba matsalar na atomic lalace. Amfani da rami sakamako, wani masanin kimiyya iya nuna cewa ko da barbashi tare da mafi ƙasƙanci da makamashi zai iya tserewa daga core tare da wasu yiwuwa. Wannan ka'idar ta zama ta farko ya bayyana hali na rediyoaktif abubuwa. Bayan Gamow, da batun hannu a Edward Condon da Ronald Gurney, amma kawai George gudanar a samu mafi kyau gwada yawa sakamakon.

Bisa ta hasashe likita George Gamow zai iya sanin girman da tsakiya (kamar goma zuwa goma sha uku santimita) da kuma bayyana dokar Geiger-Nuttall, wanda da alaka da samar da makamashi na jefarwa barbashi da rabin-rai na nuclei. A watan Yuli 1928 matasa masanin kimiyyar da aka buga da ya shahara labarin a wani kimiyya mujallar, wanda sanya shi ya shahara a duniya na kimiyyar lissafi.

makõma take

A shekarar 1931, George Gamow, wanda biography aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin, ya koma Birnin Leningrad, ya kuma fara aiki a fagen nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi. A wannan shekara suka fara inganta sirri rayuwar wani masanin kimiyya. Ya hadu da wani digiri na biyu na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar Vohmintsevoy love. Ba da da ewa bayan bikin aure.

A watan Oktoba 1931 Gamow aka gayyace zuwa Roma taron, amma bai iya barin kasar. Bayan haka, sai ya fara neman da damar, yadda za a yi da shi (da ba kawai da bin doka). Duk da yake a kan biki a Crimea matasa biyu a kan jirgin ruwan kokarin iyo zuwa Turkey, amma iskar tsakuwa a hana yin haka.

Amma a shekara ta 1933 an samu damar da aka samu. George Gamow, a kan shawarwarin Joffe aka nada Soviet wakilin bakwai Solvay Congress. The masanin kimiyya ya iya visa, ba kawai ga kansa da kuma ga matarsa. Babban burin George aka aiki kasashen waje, kuma idan kana so ka dawo zuwa ga mahaifarsa.

George Gamow ka'idar "Big Bang"

A shekarar 1946, masana kimiyya ya fara karatu da ikon yinsa, daga cosmology da kuma samarwa a tsarin "zafi duniya". Filaye don wannan ka'idar aiki a matsayin kimanta na shekaru cikin sararin samaniya, wanda ya kusan daidai da shekaru na duniyarmu, kuma da rabo daga helium da hydrogen.

A shekara ta 1948, likita George Gamow da dalibai sun ɓullo da wani ka'idar da samuwar sinadaran abubuwa da nucleosynthesis ko bi da bi neutron kama. Duk da haka, shi bai samu ba saboda da hankali, da kuma na dogon lokaci da aka lura. Kamar yadda ya ce Sniven Weinberg: "Gamow da dalibai karatu da farkon duniya, wato, da farko minti uku ta zama."

kwayoyin code

A shekara ta 1954, nan da nan bayan da aka gano na biyu-stranded kwayoyin na DNA, Gamow ya iya yin wani invaluable taimako ga samuwar wani sabon kimiyya - ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu, ajiye fifiko warware matsalar da kwayoyin code. Ta hanyar kimiyya da gwaje gwajen kimiyya, masana kimiyya sun iya fahimtar cewa sunadaran kunshi ashirin halitta amino acid shigar wanda ke aiki a wani jerin da kuma wani ɓangare na DNA.

Saboda haka, Gamow ya iya fahimtar cewa DNA daga cikin rufaffen jerin hudu nucleotides, wanda aka bai wa a cikin sittin da hudu zai yiwu haduwa. Kuma wannan shi ne quite isa ga rubũta da kwayoyin bayanai.

Kawai, a 1961, wannan ka'idar karshe an tabbatar da Francis Crick da mataimakansa, da abin da suka karbi Nobel Prize.

Akuma zuwa Amurka

Bayan da masanin kimiyyar bar Tarayyar Soviet, ya yi aiki part lokaci a kasashe daban-daban, amma wani m aiki na dogon lokaci ba a iya samu. Shi ne kawai a 1934 samu wani gayyatar daga Amirka. Ya aka nada farfesa, a Jami'ar Washington. Sai suka yanke shawarar rike wani shekara-shekara taro, wanda janyo hankalin mashahuran lissafin kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya. A daidai wannan lokaci, masana kimiyya sun zama sha'awar a mahada tsakanin makamashin nukiliya da kuma kafofin da gagarumi makamashi.

A 1941, bayan da barin Jami'ar Washington, likita ya yanke shawarar gudanar da ci gaban da atomic bam. Duk da haka, da aiwatar da kanta da aka ba a yarda, don haka ya tilasta su gudanar da wani qananan aiki. Shi ne kawai a 1948, George samu soja amincewa da kaina halarci a samar da hydrogen bam.

George Gamow, "The Kasadar Mr. Tompkins"

A littafin, rubuta ta shahara likita, aka yi nufi ga dalibai da kuma jama'ar da ke sha'awar a halin yanzu ilimin kimiyya.

A littafin kunshi biyu guda. Na farkon su - shi ne "Mr. Tompkins a Wonderland." Yana da wani labari mai ban dariya, gaya masu karatu game da fadin banki ma'aikata, bauta da duniya ta Dangantakar ka'idar. Na biyu labarin, "Mr. Tompkins bincika zarra" yana da ban sha'awa da kuma kawai ya nuna duk da matakai da suka faru a cikin zarra da atomic tsakiya. A littafin kunshi goma sha biyar surori da cewa zai iya sauƙi amfani masu karatu.

tarihin rayuwar

Wani mai ban sha'awa littafin game da rayuwarsa rubuta George Gamow - "My duniya line. An na yau da kullum da tarihin rayuwar ".

A 1934, harkokin kimiyya, kuma marubucin littafin koma daga Turai zuwa Amirka. A tarihin kansa, ya bayyana wani yawa na barkwanci ya yi amfani da ya fadawa abokansa. Akwai kome tsanani a cikinsa, da'awar Gamow.

A Tarayyar Soviet, "My duniya line" akwai daya kawai kwafin, wanda aka adana a cikin Lenin Library. Duk da haka, YB Zeldovich aka yarda ka dauki littafin gida, kuma ya ba ta zuwa karanta su abokai da acquaintances. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa sun san abinda ke ciki. Za mu iya cewa George Gamow ciyar "World line" tsakanin Amurka da Rasha.

wani yanki

George Gamow "Giant uku sciences" da aka rubuta a fadi da kewayon masu karatu suke da sha'awar a tarihin cosmology da kimiyyar lissafi, kazalika da matsalolin da muhimman hakkokin kimiyya.

Works of fice masana kimiyya bar wani haske da kuma tunawa lamba a fagen nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi, astrophysics, halittar jini da kuma kimiyyar lissafi na firamare barbashi. Wannan littafin ne ma wani tarihin rayuwar da ya bayyana da ya fi muhimmanci nasarorin da masanin kimiyya. A nan, masu karatu za su iya gano game da "Big Bang Theory", da jimla ka'idar alpha lalace, kazalika da buše kayyade code.

shirin gaskiya

A shirin gaskiya fim "George Gamow. Likita daga Allah "da aka yin fim a shekarar 2009, mai ba da umarni Irinoy Bahtinoy. Marubucin ya nuna yadda mashawarta American likita, ya sa a gaba a manyan yawan kimiyya theories, mafarkai na Tarayyar Soviet.

Duk da cewa a lokacin rayuwar masanin kimiyya, mafi aikinsa ba a daraja, da suka yanzu da mai girma darajar, kamar yadda shi ne farkon yawa sciences da kuma ra'ayoyinsa. Saboda haka za mu iya ɗauka cewa rayuwa na Soviet-American likita zauna ba a banza.