Gambit - menene wannan? ma'ana

A lokacin Soviet zamanin, yawancin maza da mata da aka daidai saba da kalmar "gambit" (kamar yadda kalmar "castling", "hade", "lokaci matsa lamba"). Bayan duk, daya daga cikin rare wasanni a cikin iyali da'irar kuma a lokacin rani sansanin, a cikin yadi da kuma a wurin shakatawa ya dara da cewa ya ba da duniya da kalmar. Abin baƙin ciki, tare da zuwan kwakwalwa, da Internet da kuma na zamani na'urori zuwa Fashion wani ilimi game da aka gudanar. M da kuma ra'ayi. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, kalmar "gambit", ga alama, ya samu wani abu akan sake haihuwa. A cikin kamus har ta alama da ma'anar da aka ba a kayyade ba, amma a live magana da ake amfani a kai a kai da kuma yadu. Amma da farko abubuwan da farko.

Bit dara ka'idar

Masana sun raba wani wasan chess cikin 3 sassa. A can farko shi ne saba wa kowane sunan "halarta a karon." Average - "tsakiya game" (Jamus kalma cewa fassara daidai - "tsakiyar wasan"). Na karshe jam'iyyar da ake kira "endgame" ( "karshen wasan", kamar yadda za ka iya tsammani). A kowane lokaci, 'yan wasan su ne ayyuka. Rashin kula da su na iya zama yankunan da a wani mataki na jam'iyyar.

Basic dokokin halarta a karon

Duk wani hoto dara koyar da 'yan wasan da cewa bude wajibi ne don kawo your guda zuwa ga na farko matsayi, shan mafi m matsayi, dogara kare sarki da kama iko da tsakiyar alluna filayen. Kana bukatar ka da sauri ci gaba, ba tare da rasa taki, har zuwa yiwu guje wa ba dole ba motsa daga wannan adadi. Wajibi ne su hana abokan gaba a gudanar da wannan ayyuka. A wasan da ya rigaya a kan halarta a karon mataki ya kamata a dogara ne a kan wani tabbataccen shirin, bayyananne juna. Saboda haka, kawai novice dara 'yan wasa tafi "kamar yadda Allah ya sa da capita." Gogaggen 'yan wasan suna shirye bambance-bambancen karatu, wanda aka sani da suna zuwa dubbai. Akwai tarin na takware, wanda aka sanya a cikin tabbatar da makirci. Gambit - shi ne ma mai halarta a karon, amma musamman game da abin da kawai a kasa.

iri takware

Kowane bude yana da nasa sunan kansa, labarin halitta, kuma zai yiwu sequels. A can farko na wasan ana kullum kasu uku kungiyoyin bisa ga na farko juya fari da kuma mayar da martani na abokan gaba.

• Open wasan ta fara da motsa: 1. e2-e4 - e7-e5.
• Semi-bude wasan na faruwa idan: 1. e2-e4 baki amsar kowace hanya, fãce 1. ... e7-e5.
• An Rufe halarta a karon farko da wani hanya na fari, sai dai da aka ambata a baya 1. e2-e4.

Yanzu za mu iya magana game da abin da kalmar "gambit".

terminology

Gambit - shi ne farkon na jam'iyyar, a cikin abin da daya daga cikin abokan adawar yanka wani pawn ko adadi. Mene ne ya yi wannan? To lashe tempo farkon cin azuzuwan mafi matsayi da Figures ko Kaddamar da kaifi gwagwarmaya. Dangane da mataki irin wannan m abokin gaba takware kasu kashi 3 kungiyoyin. Soma gambit - shi ne farkon na jam'iyyar, a cikin abin da abokin gaba ya yarda da hadaya. Hana - idan bai kai "shimfiɗaɗɗu ne" pawn ko adadi. A karshe, player iya ba da sadaka a mayar da martani - sa'an nan magana game da kontrgambite.

Mene ne kalmar nan "gambit"?

A farko tsanani littafi na dara bayyana a cikin XVI karni. Sun zama littafi, saki da Spanish firist Rui Lopesom de Segura "littafi game da dabara na dara" (1561). Shi ne, akwai karo na farko da kalmar "gambit". Asalin da kalmar, mafi bincike dangana ga Faransa gambit, gada daga Italian gambetta - «footboard», kalubalanta il gambetto - «zuwa saka da bandwagon."

Mafi shahara gambits

Royal. Daya daga cikin tsofaffin takware da aka bayyana Lopez Sarki gambit. Sunansa da aka bai saboda sarauta hadaya pawn:

1. e2-e4 - e7-e5. 2. F2-f4 ...

Har karni na ashirin, ya kasance Popular, ko da za'ayi musamman thematic gasa, wanda dukkan mahalarta taka leda ne kawai wannan halarta a karon. Ya adored Boris Spassky da Judit Polgar, Robert Fisher da Paul Keres da kuma David Bronstein zaton cewa saboda shi kuma son a yi wasa da wani wasan chess. Masana sun amince cewa Sarki gambit - cikakken zabi ga novice 'yan wasa. A wannan halarta a karon yaki taso ne daga cikin sosai farko motsa. Kamar haka wani mafari san kai farmaki na farko, da kuma kawai sai ga kare. Gambit yana da yawa bambancin, shi za a iya ko dai yarda ko ki. Wani lokaci baki a mayar da martani ga wani pawn hadaya kansu. Wannan bambance-bambancen da aka kira kontrgambitom Falkbeera:

1. e2-e4 - e7-e5. 2. F2-f4 - d7-d5.

Queenside. Wannan bude motsi fara, sa'an nan aka azabtar da queenside pawns.

1. D2-d4 - d7-d5. 2. C2-c4 ...

Gambit aka yi amfani da na dogon lokaci, amma shi ne musamman m ya kasance a cikin XIX karni. Sau da yawa samu a cikin gasar a yau. Ya shahara akan Jagora GM Savely Tartakower kira Sarki gambit "tsalle zuwa cikin zurfin jãhilci," kuma Sarauniya ta - "tsalle zuwa cikin tsanya." A wannan halarta a karon, Black kuma iya yarda da hadayar fari, kãfirta da shi ko ba da shawara Kontrgambit Albina (Malkisadik aka mai suna bayan dara player sunayen, na farko a yi amfani da makirci a cikin wani wasan da Emanuel Lasker a New York a 1883):

1. D2-d4 - d7-d5. 2. C2-c4 - e7-e5.

don takaita

Saboda haka, gambit a dara - yana da kyau ga m farko na jam'iyyar, a cikin abin da player ke da wanda aka azabtar, don samun amfanin wani daban-daban yanayi: a positional amfani, da taki, da satar dabarun filayen. Yawanci, da player bada pawn, amma wani lokacin shi zai iya ba da sadaka da kuma siffar. Wannan shi ne yanayin a Gambia Cochran:

1. e2-e4 - e7-e5. 2. Kg1-f3 - Kg8-f6. 3. Kf3: e5 - d7-d6. 4. Ke5: F7 ...

ba-dara gambit

Abin da ake nufi? A gaskiya cewa lokaci a tambaya ya dade tafi bayan wasan na chess. Academic kamus ba rikodin alama da ma'anar kalmar, amma ya wanzu a wani live magana! Saboda haka, a shekarar 1966 a kan fuska daga American movie-fashi "gambit", da kuma a shekara ta 2012 - ya eponymous remake. Turanci gambit yana da dama ma'ana, ciki har da "wanda aka azabtar sauƙaƙewa rawar daji, mataki na farko." A Rasha harshen da sunan da aka fassarashi "gambit", amma ba wanda ya ba rude! Gambit dara da kyau reinterpreted 'yan qasar Rasha harshe. Yau, a karkashin an fahimci (a ajiyar, a wani m, na yau da kullum magana) da aka azabtar ko da ayyukan yi tare da wasu manufofin. Mafi sau da yawa, da kalmar sauti a fagen siyasa da kuma a cikin jaridar kayan. Ba ko da yaushe wannan terminology alama ya zama nasara, duk da haka, kamar namomin kaza bayan ruwan sama, girma gambits cewa an ba da aka jera a cikin wani na dara kundayen: Rasha, Ukrainian, Crimea, Syria, gambits Putin da kuma Yanukovych. A dukan duniya an canza kama zuwa wata babbar jam'iyyar, a cikin abin da babu guda kasa, babu guda shugaba ba ya so ya zama wani pawn.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

Yawancin mutane sun gaskata cewa kalmar "gambit" a rayuwar yau da kullum gabatar da kõwa fãce sanannen zamani marubuci Boris Akunin. A 1998, daga alkalami zo na biyu littafin a cikin jerin, sadaukar da Erast Fandorin - "Turkish gambit". Wannan halarta a karon a dara ba ya wanzu. Akwai Belgrade, Budapest, Sicilian da Volga, amma babu Turkish. Kuma shi ne littafin da ba game da tsoho game. Duk da haka, da sunan mugun wayo reinterprets da dara lokaci. Kuma zuwa ga shakka, babu daya da aka bar - marubucin sa a cikin bakin "korau" gwarzo Anwar Effendi, kumbura bayani. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa varnish, amma wani rauni Turkey da aka bayar ga babban rabo na ci gaba da kuma dimokuradiyya (wanda ya haɗu da Amurka da kuma yammacin Turai), Rasha. Sarkin sarakuna Alexander dauki aka azabtar, amma sauran sakamakon da ƙungiyar da aka kafa ba a cikin ni'imar. Gambit - hadaya cewa da wuya take kaiwa zuwa lashe abokin gaba, mindlessly yarda da shi. To lashe, kana bukatar ka riga duk yiwu zabin ga ci gaban halin da ake ciki, count a da yawa motsa gaba - ko yana da dara ko geopolitics.