Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (Malinovsky): biography, kimiyya aiki

Bolshevik Party shugaban Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov ya mai lura Falsafa da kuma masanin kimiyya. Ya kasance wanda ya kafa da dama kimiyya theories.

farkon shekaru

Future likita da halittu Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov da aka haife a kan Agusta 22, 1873 a kauyen Sokolka Grodno lardin. A haihuwa, ya kasance da sunan Malinovsky. Mahaifinsa kuwa baƙi Vologzhanin da kuma rare malami.

Malinowski karatu a Tula gargajiya makaranta, wanda ya kammala karatunsa tare da karrama a 1892. M saurayi ya zaɓi wani kimiyya hanya. Ya shiga Physics da lissafi Faculty of Moscow University. Wannan ma'aikata na mafi girma ilimi, kazalika da dukan sauran Rasha jami'o'i, wani gida matuƙa, shiryayye matasa. Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov shiga cikin Narodnaya Volya daga Union of arewacin dangantaka kungiyoyin. Wannan yunkuri da aka dakatar da hukumomi da kuma suna karkashin iko da asirin 'yan sanda.

A 1894, Mutãnen wadannan watse. Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov da aka fitar daga ta jami'a. An kama shi da kuma yanke masa hukuncin zaman gudun hijira a Tula. Akwai Malinovsky samu a cikin ma'aikata 'da'irori. Duk da cewa saurayin da tilasta su bar jami'a, har yanzu yana sha'awar kimiyya. "Short hanya tattalin arziki kimiyya" da ya rubuta a 1897. Wannan littafi da aka sosai mai daraja Vladimir Lenin. Jagoran duniya proletariat sãɓã wa jũna erudition, kuma shi ne wuya mamaki wasu edition. Saboda haka muhimmanci cewa Lenin kira na farko littafin na Malinowski ta "ƙwarai sabon abu" a Rasha tattalin arziki wallafe-wallafe.

New kama wahalhalunsa da hijirarsa

Bayan kammala karatu daga Tula links Bogdanov shiga Kharkov University, inda ya yi karatu daga 1895 zuwa 1899. Wannan lokaci ya zaɓi Faculty of Medicine. A wannan yanayin, wani matashi mai bincike ya m na ba kawai da na halitta amma kuma da al'adu. Ya views aka fi cikakken nuna a cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka buga a wannan lokaci.

A 1899, bayan Malinowski samu ya likita digiri, ya aka sake kama da siyasa da ayyukan. A kotu yanke hukuncin daurin zasu fitar, na farko a cikin Kaluga, sa'an nan zuwa Vologda. A gida da mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a asibitin masu tabin hankali. A shekara ta 1904, da reference lokaci ya ƙare. Revolutionary tafi Switzerland.

a gaban,

A 1913, Rasha koma zuwa Bogdanov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. A biography wannan mutumin ne na hali ra'ayi na shekaru. A shekara daga baya, bayan ya dawo mahaifarsa Malinowski yakin duniya na farko. Yana a matsayin mai matuƙar m gwani aika zuwa gaban matsayin likita.

Kazamin fadace-fadace tare da Jamusawan sanya zaunanniya ra'ayi kan Bogdanov. The likita da wani gwani a kan Physiology of shi, kamar yadda babu wanda zai iya yaba da yadda m, kuma m ne makami na sabon karni. The yaki ya sanya juyin juya halin Musulunci m akida da pacifist. Riga a wani matasa Bolshevik Soviet jihar kokarin aikata duk abin da zai yiwu a bayar da gudummawa ga al'adu girma da kuma ilimi na proletariat. Bogdanov (Malinovsky) Aleksandr Aleksandrovich yi imani da cewa kawai ci gaba za su taimaka wa mutãne rabu da yaƙe-yaƙe.

duniya view

Bogdanov ta ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa samo asali cikin ransa. A cikin matasa, shi ne mafi rinjayi Markisanci da positivism. A hade da wadannan biyu makarantu sa a cikin wani sabon ka'idar, marubucin wanda ya Bogdanov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. A tarihin wannan masanin kimiyya ne da aka sani da farko saboda da cewa ya kasance wanda ya kafa tectology.

Yana yana da wani sunan - duniya ƙungiya kimiyya. Wannan horo da aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, by marubucin a cikin uku-girma aiki "Tectology". Bogdanov karatu yadda ya dace da hulda tsakanin biyu ko fiye da abubuwa a cikin guda tsarin. Wadannan nazarin da aka tsara a matsayin mai bincike ga amsa tambaya na yadda za a inganta aikin tattalin arziki.

Daga cikin Bolshevik ka'idar tectology ba kama. Lenin sau da yawa soki magoya bayan na ideas da aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Taimako zuwa ga management - wancan ne abin da babban sakamakon da kimiyya aiki a wannan yanki to date. Da yawa daga baya, bayan Malinowski ta mutuwa, da msar tambayar constructions sun zama mashahuri a cikin kwamfuta masana kimiyya.

Tectology

Tectology Bogdanova hankulan ba kawai daga Markisanci. Wani muhimmin tushen shi ne monism wannan ka'idar. Marubucin a cikin babban aikin, yi magana game da bukatar haifar da wata akida domin inganta yawan aiki.

Bogdanov ya kuma wani mai goyon bayan shiryawa a cikin tattalin arzikin ko da a gaban tsarin zama na asali a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Scientist fatan cewa a nan gaba duk mutum aiki zai zo da wani sabon matakin da tattara abubuwa masu kyau kimiyya, masana'antu da kuma akidarsa.

Proletcult

Scientist da kuma Falsafa Bogdanov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich ya memba na RSDLP a 1905. Ya kasance daga ƙarni na farko na Bolsheviks. Lokacin da Lenin ta jam'iyyar zo ikon a Rasha bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, Bogdanov, gaba daya watsi da asali sunan, shi ya zo zauna muhimmanci jama'a bincike posts.

Har 1921 da masanin kimiyyar ya farfesa a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar (sanar da siyasa da tattalin arziki). A lokaci guda ya kasance a cikin kwaminis Academy, kuma ya kasance memba na ta presidium.

A cikin farkon shekaru na Soviet jihar Bogdanov ya yi yawa ga ci gaban da ta akida. A 1917 an halitta Proletkult. Wannan shiri ne na jama'ar kasar Commissariat na Ilimi. Ta shirya al'adu, ilimi da kuma promotional ayyukan domin ma'aikata. Daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a Proletkult zama Bogdanov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. Management, wanda ya yi karatu a cikin tsarin na ka'idar tectology karshe amfani da shi a yi.

Soviet akida

Bogdanov bayar da shawarar da cikakken canji na hali ga al'ada. Ya yi imani da cewa tsohon ayyukan art bayyana mahanga da kuma bukatu na daya kawai aji (misali, gidan haya, bawa-masu, da bourgeoisie da peasantry). Amma da proletarians na al'ada kamar yadda irin wannan da aka ba. Saboda haka, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar daga karce. Wannan kuma tsunduma Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Biography (taƙaitaccen bayanin da aka bayar a cikin labarin) shi ne misali na hanyar wani muhimmin jihar akidar.

Bisa ga masanin kimiyya da falsafa, proletarian art ya kamata ya zama tsauri da kuma fitar da mutane gaba - to a nan gaba haske, da cewa shi ne kwaminisanci. Live images nuna a kan takarda, a littattafai da kuma fina-finai, tsara don kamawa da kuma shirya wata babbar rai kwarewa ma'aikata na Tarayyar Soviet. Kamar yadda wani mutumin kimiyya, Bogdanov iya cewa da tabbaci ba art ne yafi mulkin demokra fiye da ainihin ilimi. Wannan yana nufin cewa shi za a iya amfani da su gina zama dole tsarin tunani ne da kuma kai tsaye nufin mutane a cikin wani amfani jihar tashar. Shugaban Proletcult bayyana cewa bukatar al'adu 'yancin kai na aiki domin nasarar duniya juyin juya halin.

Bogdanov soki hali na bourgeoisie ga art. Ga kasashen yammaci, shi ne da farko a hanya don samun fun. proletarian art ya daban-daban. Yana yi wahayi zuwa gwagwarmaya da aji makiya, kawo mutane tare a kusa da ideas. The masanin kimiyyar ya ci gaba da tunani: tare da irin wannan hali to art wani art daga Tarayyar Soviet, ya zama harkar aiki mai muhimmanci. Al'adu for Bogdanov ya da kungiyar tawagar. Wannan manufa ne kai tsaye da zũriyarta daga tectology ka'idar. Alal misali, a soja song taimaka wa sojojin da aiki a cikin fama a hadewa da ingantaccen iri. Labor take da kokarin nema ƙungiya birged.

Gwaje-gwajen da jini

Kamar yadda wani masanin hallitu ne, masanin kimiyya Keen a kan theories game da wani yiwu rejuvenation na jikin mutum. A wannan batun, ya a 1926 kafa National Research Institute of jini. A yawa bincike a kan wannan batu da aka gudanar Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Tsarin bincike na ayyukan da ya yi a kan ilmin halitta ya nuna cewa ya gaske ĩmãni da mutum rejuvenation ta hanyar jini a cikin jiki sabo ne da kuma matasa da jini.

Wadannan m ideas Bogdanov yayin rayayye goyan bayan ta jihar farfaganda. Stalin, wanda aka sa'an nan hanzari mayar da su cikin daya-mutumin mulki, masanin kimiyya tare da tushe taimake Blood Institute a Moscow. Bogdanov ya zama darektan wannan musamman ma'aikata domin ta lokaci.

mutuwa

A wasu gwaje-gwajen, jini ya kansa Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (1873-1928). A lokacin daya daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin, ya takaici mutu. A jini cewa zuba masanin kimiyya daga dalibi jiki, ya sa a dauki na kin amincewa da kuma mutuwa. Wannan harka fili ya nuna hatsarin da irin wannan m gwaje-gwajen. A hankali, wadannan shirye-shirye juya Blood Institute.

A jana'izar daga cikin shahararrun Bolshevik Bukharin sanya. Ya mai suna marigayin abokin m. Wannan shi ne jera gaskiya. Ba wai kawai yake, sai m kuma tunawa a cikin aikinsa na masana kimiyya kamar Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Hotuna daga jana'izar zo zuwa dukan ƙasashe na jaridar.