Futurism - abin da yake da shi? Art tsari da kuma akida cika motsi

A karshen goma sha tara da farkon karni na ashirin - wani aiki search for sabon siffofin art, free daga juna-canja wuri cikakken gaskiya. Wannan search da kuma juyin juya halin Musulunci ferment a cikin zukatan mutane da yawa wakilan Turai matasa jagoranci zuwa fitowan da sabon m da kuma zamantakewa igiyoyin. Ya horar da labari cewa art aka daure su jũya (kuma a tabbatar an canza yanayin rayuwan) duniya. Daya daga cikin alamun zama futurism. Mene ne Futurism? Zahiri futurum - «nan gaba."

The kafa na motsi dauke da Milanese mawãƙi F. Marinetti, da haske wakilan zanen - U. Boccioni, Balla D., D. Severini. A tarihin futurism fara a goma sha tara shekara tara: Marinetti da aka buga a Faransa mujallar "Le Figaro" na farko manifesto, a cikin abin da ya kira jefa fita duk da haihuwa al'adu dabi'u da dustbin na tarihi da kuma dogara ne a kan m fasaha ci gaba da nunawa a irin mutumin nan gaba. Artists zarar kuma buga su manifesto. Daga baya manifestos suka yi yawa, kuma dukansu suna kira zuwa daina baya a cikin sunan ci gaba.

Abin baƙin ciki, futurism aka ba iyakance zuwa zane-zane: ya aka sosai siyasa, tare da daban-daban sharpness da kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi. Wannan ya kai shi ga akida da rushewar: wasu 'yan motsi nisanta kansu daga kungiyar da kuma wasu a cikin shekara goma sha takwas kafa nasu jam'iyyar siyasa, wanda nan da nan ya tsaya a karkashin tutar Mussolini.

Futurism a cikin art - mai karye line, kaifi saba da launi bayyana imbalances bai cika shaci, gaban birane da kuma fasaha da muradi. Idan baraden magabata na Impressionists, a kan gaba wajen tsaye search for wani sabon tsari, tsari yanzu fades cikin bango, su da su kãfirta da wani canons, yana da muhimmanci ne kawai zuwa hali na artist. Zan iya cewa, shi ya bambanta ba kawai Futurism, cewa irin wannan hali da kerawa hali na sauran avant-garde ƙungiyoyi: cubism, m, expressionism, surrealism, Dadaism. da avant-garde falsafa ne da nufin m individualization, a kan bambanci tsakanin ta m kasancewarsa, ciki har da sanannun al'adu. A lokaci guda ciko da akida igiyoyin a daban-daban idan Futurism, a gaskiya, Rokon zuwa tashin hankali, da expressionism (. Antifascist Pablo Picasso da sauransu), a maimakon haka, ta hanyar da a yayyage, da karye Lines boren da tashin hankalin da ya cike duniya.

A Rasha, wannan salo ne mafi kyau kama a fagen adabi, ya lashe zukatan yawa kasida na Azurfa Age, ya generated a fragmentary style of shayari, wani ragi a cikin matani da kuma haduwa da alamomin, sau da yawa hana wani ma'anar. Babban al'amudin Rasha Futurism aka dauke Khlebnikov. Dace da muradi da Pasternak, Mandelstam, ko da daga baya a cikin matani Esenina ba futurism. Mene ne, misali, da "black mutum"? Style ne a fili ba wani classic.

Daya daga cikin mafi m Futurists zama Mayakovsky. "A Cloud a wando" - a fitacciyar na Genre, duka a tsari da kuma a ruhu, da style yankakken mawãƙi kasance da aminci ga karshen rayuwa.

Futurists farincikin yarda da Oktoba juyin juya halin. Amma da na jin ya ba juna, a matsayin shugaban da proletarian motsi kasance mutanen da babban al'adu kaya. A musamman, Lenin, a cikin jawabin da mambobi ne na Komsomol a Uku Congress jaddada muhimmancin na al'adu da aka ambata game da futurism, abin da art ya gane ba.

Futurism matsayin art motsi dade kawai kamar wata shekarun da suka gabata. Amma ruhunsa zauna. Fito a cikin hamsin hamsin a ƙarƙashin rinjayar almarar kimiyya da kuma rare da wannan rana a cikin gine-gine da kuma zane na high-tech style ne da gaske guda futurism, kawai a wani sabon mataki. Ya aka hana siyasa kishi da kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi a general, amma ya gada daga ta m bangaren Futurism: a look zuwa nan gaba da kuma addini a ci gaba, a cikin matuƙar rabo na dalilin kan conservatism.