Ferghana yankin (Uzbekistan): yankunan birnin

A cikin kyakkyawan Ferghana Valley aka located Ferghana yankin (Uzbekistan). Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi tsufa kuma mafi kyau sassa na kasar. Akwai manyan tsoho birane da kananan garuruwa da gargajiya hanya. Ferghana yankin da aka yin wata babbar gudummawa ga jihar tattalin arziki da kuma shi ne na babba sha'awa ga harkokin yawon shakatawa.

Labarin kasa da kuma Biology

A zuciya na Central Asia, dake a Uzbekistan. Ferghana yankin da aka located a kudancin ɓangare na Ferghana Valley da kuma shi ne daya daga 13 administrative-yankin gundumomi na kasar. Its yanki ne 68 km². A yankin bautar da lebur ƙasa da kananan tadawa saman teku matakin da kudu-maso-gabas. Kwarin da aka wakilta kowane irin wuri mai faɗi: shi kare Altai dutsen iyaka, yayin da arewacin ne shagaltar da matakan. A yankin ne mai arziki a cikin albarkatun ruwa. Ƙõramu sunã gudãna daga duwãtsu samar da mai fadi da ruwa cibiyar sadarwa, wanda tara a Syrdarya. Ƙarin samar da ruwa bada Tsakiya Ferghana tafki.

The m wuri a cikin wani m kwarin sa shi musamman arziki Flora da fauna da Ferghana yankin. wani m iri-iri na shuke-shuke girma a nan. Mafi yawa duk da Flora yana da wani al'adu bango, kamar yadda na halitta ciyayi - yana da gishiri fadamun, da barazar kamu da oases. Duk da haka, mutumin ya juya wannan yankin cikin wani real aljanna. The dabba duniya ne ma ban sha'awa sosai. Na manyan dabbobi za ka iya saduwa da daji Boars, Foxes da Wolves. Amma mafi girma bambancin da jinsunan lissafinsu kananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye.

duba tarihin

Ferghana yankin da aka zaunar ko a cikin 1-2 karni, a lokacin da daban-daban Turkic kabilan fara gano a yankin. Duk da haka, mafi tsoho shafukan mutane cewa an samu ta archaeologists nema a mayar da 7-5 ƙarni BC. A cikin yankin na dutse kayan aikin da ragowar kusa Selengur parking da aka samu. A cikin duka masana kimiyya sun kidaya 13 al'adu yadudduka a kan wannan ƙasa. Tun 1709 a shafin na Fergana yankin da aka halitta Kokand Khanate. Shahrukh II da zuriyarsa mulki ƙasar, mikawa gẽfunanta a kudi na makwabta.

A 1821, ya zo iko shekaru 12 Madali Khan, a karkashin wanda sarauta jihar muhimmanci fadada ikon mallakar da kuma ƙarfafa. Khanate kuwa mai karfi tsari da kuma rike su ikon har 1842, har sai da duniya koma Kyrgyzstan m. Domin ikon a kan wannan m kusurwa na kullum ya m fada tsakanin zaunar da mutane da kuma makiyaya Sart Kipchak. The shugaban kasar ana kullum maye gurbin juna. A tarihin yankin ne cike da ban tausayi aukuwa. Constant hargitsi ya jagoranci wani weakening na tsaro ikon kasar da ya kai ga cewa ikon da aka kama ta da Sarkin Buhari, wanda aka ci su da sojojin Rasha a tsakiyar karni na 19th.

Rasha da kuma Soviet lokaci

Tun 1855 Fergana yankin, har sai sun kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon Turkestan, shi da aka rufe a cikin harshen wuta daga yakin basasa. Khudoyar Khan, da gwamnan Buhari, Kokand, bai iya rike da iko a kan kabilan cewa ya tashi kuma a karkashin matsin lamba na Rasha m aka tilasta a 1868 to yarda da cinikayya yarjejeniya da Rasha Empire. Yanzu Rasha da kuma kokandtsy ba da hakkin ya free motsi, aiwatar da cinikayya, ga wanda ya ya biya wani haraji na 2.5%. Khudoyar Khan yana mulkin ƙasar. A 1875, ya jagoranci Kipchaks Abdurahamnom-Avtobachi tayar da ikon Khudoyar, wanda aka shiga da gida da limaman da kuma abokan adawar na Rasha zama. A sabon karfi ne game da 10 da mutane dubu kawo wa ƙasar hari, qarqashinsu Rasha, kewaye da birnin Khujand, da kuma kunshe a sansanin soja da wadanda ba muharramansu ba.

Agusta 22, 1875, Janar Kaufmann da kuma sojojinsa da 'yan tawayen buga daga cikin sansanin soja da kuma kama Kokand da Margelan. Ƙasa sun kasance batun da Rasha sarki. Duk da haka, da zaran sojoji tsallake, tashin barke sake. Janar Skobelev, wanda gangarawa sashen na Namangan, tsananin aikatã game da 'yan tawaye, da kuma dukan ƙasa na Ferghana yankin da aka annexed da Rasha jihar. Skobelev zama na farko da gwamnan Ferghana yankin. Bayan da juyin juya halin a Rasha, da Soviet hukuma zo da Uzbekistan. A 1924, administrative garambawul da aka za'ayi, da karkararta, jagorancin Kokand ya zama wani ɓangare na Uzbek Socialist Jamhuriyar. Ferghana yankin - A shekara ta 1938, wani sabon yankin naúrar da aka kafa. A lokacin Soviet lokacin da yankin ke rayayye lugar da Rasha, yawan, shi ne samar da masana'antu da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa.

yanzu jiha

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet Fergana yankin, wanda yankunan da aka muhimmanci ƙarfafa a cikin tattalin arziki da sharuddan, shi ya kasance wani bangare na Uzbekistan, wanda ya ayyana samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1991. A 1989-90 akwai wani taro karo da Kyrgyzstan, yawan, da hijirarsa ta fara. Yau Ferghana yankin ya kõmo zuwa ta shekaru da haihuwa hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Industrial bangaren bada hanya ga m hadisai. Area, kazalika da dukan jihar da kuma mayar Musulmi kwastan da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa, ko da yake dangantaka da Rasha ba za a rasa. Fiye da shekaru 25 da samun yancin kai, kafa sabon al'adu da kuma tattalin arziki. Ferghana yankin a yau embodies da fasali na gargajiya Uzbek yankin.

sauyin yanayi

A Ferghana Valley - na musamman da wuri. Kewaye da duwãtsu, shi yana da musamman yanayin damina. Shi ne ba don kome ba kira da lu'u-lu'u na Uzbekistan, kamar yadda a can gaske halitta kusan manufa yanayi na rayuwar dan Adam. Ferghana yankin bambanta sharply nahiyar sauyin yanayi, tare da m m winters da zafi lokacin bazaar. A talakawan hunturu zafin jiki ne -3 digiri, a lokacin rani - +28.

The kawai drawback na gida sauyin yanayi ne da tsananin iska, musamman a lokacin bazara, wanda ta kafe cikin ƙasa, kawo topsoil, depleting ƙasa. A yankin ma ya bambanta kadan hazo, amma a cikin danshi bukatun na noma ta rufe ruwa ban ruwa. Ferghana yankin ne halin da m sauyin yanayi, fiye da a cikin makwabta yankuna na cikin kwari. Akwai quite barga weather, kadan yiwuwa ga kaifi hawa da sauka. A fannin ke da kyau da yanayi na namo yawa zafi-m amfanin gona, ciki har da auduga, da shinkafa, da kuma shayi.

yawan

Ferghana yankin (Uzbekistan) - densely lugar yanki ne isasshen. Yana gida kusan wata uku, na yawan jama'ar da dukan ƙasar. Its yawa ne 450 mutane da 1 km². The kabilu na yankin ne bambancin. 82% na yawan - ne Uzbeks. Sauran kabilu wakilta kananan Tajiks - game da 4%, Rasha - 2.6%, Kazakhs - 1%.

Official harshe - Uzbek, amma mazauna yankin da ake ma masani a Rasha, da kuma matasa zaben koyo harshen Turanci. The na aikin addini, professed da 95% na yawan - Musulunci. A muhimmancin yawan girma a yankin na 1-2% a kowace shekara. A hankali kara tsawon rayuwar, wanda a yanzu yana da wani Littãfi shekaru 70. A talakawan shekaru na wani mazaunin Fergana yankin ne shekaru 23. A jama'ar yau aka ƙara mayar da hankali a birane.

tattalin arzikin

Ferghana yankin a yau ne yawanci m yankin. Ko da yake babban birnin kasar na yankin - a manyan tattalin arziki da kuma masana'antu cibiyar. A nan ne da yawa manyan kamfanonin a cikin sinadaran, abinci, haske masana'antu, petrochemical masana'antu. A nan ana kerarre kayayyakin gyara, furniture, takin, gilashin, sumunti da kuma wasu kayayyakin. Great taimako ga tattalin arzikin yankin da ake yin aikin gona Enterprises cewa girma auduga, da shinkafa, da dabbobi, da samar da ba kawai m bukatun, amma kuma rayayye da ciniki tare da sauran kasashe. Ci gaba da kuma kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arzikin taimaka wa hakar ma'adanai: mai, sulfur dioxide, farar ƙasa, wanda yake shi ne wani muhimmin batu da fitarwa.

A yankin gudanar da zobe Railway, a haɗa da manyan birane na kasar da kuma yankin. A total tsawon hanyoyi ne kilomita 200.

A administrative rabo daga cikin birni da kuma

Ferghana yankin ne zuwa kashi 15 fogs - administrative gundumomi. Kowane ne sarrafawa da kai, wanda aka nada da Hakim. Manyan birane na Ferghana yankin (Uzbekistan): Ferghana, Kokand, Margilan, Kuvasay - suna da matsayi na shiyya karkashi. Su mayar da hankali mafi yawan jama'ar na yankin.

Fergana

Babban gari a cikin Ferghana yankin - babban birnin kasar. A sosai sunan fassara daga cikin Persian - "m" - ya ce da yawa game da wannan wuri. Akwai game da 350 mutane dubu daga qasashe daban-daban. Its tarihi, birnin kirga saukar daga 1876, lokacin da Rasha gwamnan wannan ƙasa, Janar Skobelev, kafa wani sabon babban birnin kasar. Domin a yayin da birnin har ta haifa masa suna. Wannan tarihin da aka nuna a bayyanar da waje bayyanar Fergana. Asalinsu aka gina shi a cikin Turai style gine-gine: Jami'an 'ganawar, Post Office, gwamnatin House, hedkwatar gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da Alexander Nevsky Cathedral - duk wannan shi ne farkon da wani gari, atypical for Asiya ta tsakiya. Ga shirya yi tare da mike tituna da aka gabatar da farko.

A mafi m girma a Fergana fuskantar a lokacin Soviet zamanin, musamman ma bayan yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin da babu gina wani babban yawan masana'antu Enterprises, manyan cibiyoyin ilmi ne aka bude.

Yau Fergana - kyau sosai kuma kore birni. Akwai wata babbar lamba na lambuna da gonakin. Babban jan hankali ne House of jami'an, tsohon House jami'an - wasan kwaikwayo, wani masallaci ɓangaren litattafan almara Masjid, tsohon sansanin soja.

Kokand

Wani babbar cibiyar - birnin Kokand (Ferghana yankin). Its tarihi fara a cikin 5-6 karni. Ga rayu zamanin d kabilu. Tun 1709 ne babban birnin kasar na iko Kokand Khanate. The m wuri a kan hanyar siliki, da kuma tabbatar da ci gaban mai dũkiya da Kokand, wanda kullum janyo hankalin invaders. The dogon tarihi na birnin - shi ne jerin yaƙe-yaƙe da shugabanni canjawa. Tun da aka kafa Soviet ikon birnin sami kwantar da hankula, da kuma bayan sanarwar 'yancin kai na Uzbekistan ya kõmo zuwa ta kasa da kasa da al'adu asalin.

Yau, birnin gida game da 260.000 mutane. Ga an sanya mafi girma masana'antu Enterprises a cikin sinadaran, masana'antu, abinci da aikin injiniya masana'antu. A birnin samun saurin bunkasuwar yawon shakatawa masana'antu: hotels da ake gina, bude gidajen tarihi, girma kayayyakin more rayuwa. Babban jan hankali ne makarantu Norbutabi Kokand (marigayi 18th karni), Zhomi Masallaci (1800) da kuma Palace of Khan Khudoyar 1871 shiri.

Margilan

Wani jauhari na yankin - Ferghana, Margilan. Wannan tsohon birnin da ake kira da babban birnin kasar na siliki. Masana tarihi sun sami burbushi na zama a cikin wannan wuri na mutum shiri ko a 4-3 ƙarni BC. A tarihin na gari ne da alaka da samar da cinikayya na siliki. A yau shi ne kasar ta most siliki factory, kuma za ka iya ganin mafi daga cikin itatuwan doka. A birni ne zuwa gida game da 220.000 mutane. Babban jan hankali ne Marghilan tunawa Pir siddiq (shekaru 18), medreses Said Ahmad Hodge (shekaru 19), da siliki factory "Yodgorlik".