Operating vibrations - vibrations lokaci

Oscillatory matakai - wani muhimmin kashi na zamani kimiyya da fasaha, don haka suke ko da yaushe biya da hankali ga nazarin matsayin daya daga cikin "madawwami" matsaloli. The aiki na da wani ilmi ba - ba kawai son sani, kuma ta yi amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum. Kuma ga wannan, akwai kullum da akwai sabon fasaha da kuma tsarin sunadaran. Suna kan tafi, nuna ta ainihi, yin wasu aiki, ko ana gyarawa, riƙe da yuwuwar a karkashin wani yanayi, je zuwa jihar motsi. Mene ne motsi? Ba tare da faruwa a cikin Jungle, mun dauki mafi sauki fassarar: wani canji daga cikin kayan matsayi na jiki dangi zuwa wani daidaita tsarin, wanda aka conventionally dauke gyarawa.

Daga cikin babbar dama yiwu zabin domin motsi na musamman sha'awa ne oscillating, wanda aka halin a cewa tsarin ya mayar da canji na ta asalin (ko ta jiki yawa) a yau da kullum jinkiri - hawan keke. Irin wannan vibrations suna kira na lokaci-lokaci, ko cyclic. Daga gare su akwai wani raba aji na masu jituwa oscillations, a cikin abin da halayyar ãyõyi (gudu, hanzari, matsayi a sarari, da dai sauransu) ya bambanta sinusoidally a lokacin, Ina nufin, da ciwon sinusoidal form. A ƙwarai dukiya daga cikin masu jituwa oscillations ne cewa su hade ne da wani wasu zažužžukan, ciki har da da kuma wadanda ba masu jituwa. A muhimmanci sosai ra'ayi a kimiyyar lissafi ne "lokaci oscillations", wanda ke nufin da matsayi na oscillating jiki kam a wani lokaci. Phase auna a kusurwa raka'a - radians wajen sabani, kawai a matsayin dace hanya don bayyana lokaci-lokaci tafiyar matakai. A wasu kalmomin, shi kayyade lokaci darajar yanzu jihar na oscillating tsarin. In ba haka ba kuwa zai iya ba - saboda lokaci hawa da sauka ne da hujja na aiki da ya bayyana da wadannan hawa da sauka. A gaskiya darajar da lokaci domin motsi na vibrational hali iya nuna tsarawa, gudun, da kuma sauran jiki sigogi wanda bambanta sinusoidally, amma kowa da su ne lokacin dogara.

Nuna cewa wannan lokaci na oscillation ne, ba wuya - shi, na bukatar a sauki inji tsarin - thread, r tsawo, da kuma na rataye a kai "abu ma'ana" - bob. Mun gyara thread a tsakiyar wani rectangular daidaita tsarin da kuma tilasta mu "Pendulum" sanyi. Bari mu ɗauka cewa ya yarda ya yi shi da wani mai kusurwa gudu w. Sa'an nan, a lokacin t kaya juyawa kwana ne φ = wt. Bugu da ƙari, wannan magana kamata a yi la'akari da matakin farko na oscillation kamar kwana φ0 - matsayi na tsarin kafin fara motsi. Saboda haka, duka juyawa kwana, da lokaci da aka lasafta daga aboki φ = wt + φ0. Sa'an nan da magana domin masu jituwa aiki da kuma wani aikin tsara aza a kan X-axis, za mu iya rubuta:

x = A * cos (wt + φ0), a cikinsa A - mawadãta daga oscillation, a cikin wannan yanayin daidai r - da radius daga filament.

Hakazalika, wannan tsinkaya a kan Y-axis aka rubuta kamar haka:

y = A * zunubi (wt + φ0).

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa lokaci na oscillation yana nufin a cikin wannan hali ba ya auna juyawa "kwana", da kuma mai kusurwa har na lokaci da cewa nuna lokacin a kwana raka'a. A wannan lokaci da kaya da aka juya su ta hanyar wani kusurwa, wanda za a iya uniquely m daga gaskiya cewa mai kusurwa gudun for cyclic hawa da sauka w = 2 * π / T, inda T - oscillation lokaci. Sanadiyar haka ne, idan daya lokaci yayi dace da juyawa ta hanyar 2π radians, wani ɓangare na tsawon lokaci za a iya proportionately bayyana a matsayin sulusi da murabba'i na kwana na cikakken juyawa daga 2π.

Hawa da sauka ba zama da kansu - da sauti, da haske, vibration ne ko da yaushe wani superposition, superposition na babban adadin oscillations daga da dama kafofin. Hakika, sakamakon superposition biyu ko fiye vibrations shafar su sigogi, ciki har da kuma lokaci oscillations. Formula total oscillation yawanci nonharmonic, ta haka zai iya samun wani hadadden tsari, amma wannan kawai ya zama mafi ban sha'awa. Kamar yadda aka tattauna a sama, wani maras masu jituwa oscillation za a iya wakilta a matsayin babban yawan masu jituwa da wannan amplitude, mita da kuma lokaci. A lissafi, wannan aiki ne ake kira "fadada a jere", kuma an yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin lissafin, misali, da ƙarfin Tsarin da kuma wurare. Dalili na wadannan lissafin ne nazari na masu jituwa oscillations da duk sigogi, ciki har da zamani.