Facial ƙasũsuwa: da tankwara. Facial ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar

mutum kwanyar a cikin hanyar ogtogeneze shigarsu gagarumin canje-canje. A utero da sabuwar haife yaro ta kwanyar ne mafi taso, saboda gaskiyar cewa kwakwalwa ake more ci gaba a shi da za ta karbi bakuncin shi bukatar wani ya fi girma girman kwanya. A siffar kwanyar dabam kamar yadda hakora girma da kuma Gyarawa taban da ake tsokoki.

Irin fuska ƙasũsuwa

Kokon yana da fuska da kuma kwakwalwa sassan. Iyakar ta'allaka tsakanin mayar da orbital gefe. Girman ƙashi ne lebur. Sun shiga seams cewa ba da damar ci gaban da duk girman ƙasũsuwa. Bayan su ossification girma tsaya a nan ba.

A gaban sashe na kwanyar da aka hada da hanci da baka cavities. By unpaired sun hada da:

• ethmoid kashi.
• mabudin.
• hyoid kashi.

Na biyu tsaya a waje:

• wani babba muƙamuƙi.
• hanci kashi.
• incisive.
• lacrimal.
• Malar.
• webbed.
• Palatine kashi.
• ƙananan muƙamuƙi.
• turbinate.

Bari mu bincika abin da ƙasũsuwan da fuska ragargaje.

maxilla

Wannan kashi ne a tururi dakin. Yana ƙunshi jiki da kuma hudu tafiyar matakai. The jiki ya hada da wani maxillary sinus, wanda na Magana da mai fadi da kogon da hanci kogo. A jikin kunshi wani gaban, infratemporal, ophthalmic da hanci saman.

Front surface yana da wani concave siffar. A kan iyakarta ne infraorbital yankin kasa wanda aka located wani bude infraorbital jijiyoyi da tasoshin. A karkashin shi - da rami a cikin nau'i na canine fossa. A da tsakiya baki aka dimbin yawa da baka da yanke, a cikin abin da a gaban bude kula hanci kogo. Ƙananan baki ayyukan da halitta hanci kashin baya.

Daga orbital surface Halicci ƙananan orbital bango ciwon m concave triangular siffar. A fannin da tsakiya baki da shi da iyaka tare da lacrimal kashi, orbital farantin karfe kuma kashi. A baya na kan iyaka gudanar tare da m orbital fissure daga inda ta fara da infraorbital kwarin kunya. Front ne sāke cikin infraorbital canal.

Infratemporal surface da aka halitta daga pterygopalatine da infratemporal-palatal rami. Front shi demarcated da zygomatic tsari. Yana a fili tsaye daga tudun muƙamuƙi da, inda ƙãga alveolar ramukan, juya cikin dace tashoshi. Wadannan tashoshi aiki tasoshin da kuma jijiyoyi directed zuwa molars.

da hanci surface da aka kafa ta wani hadadden topography. An hade tare da kashi sama da kuma ƙananan Shell da hanci, za a sama na palatal kashi. A surface fili bayyane maxillary razschelina a cikin wani nau'i na alwatika. Gaba da bayyana ta a tsaye tsagi, wanda aka haɗa tare da m harsashi da hanci lacrimal kashi.

Bugu da ari fuska kwanyar kashi ci gaba frontal appendage mikawa daga babba muƙamuƙi jikuna a wurin haduwa da hanci, ophthalmic da kuma gaban saman. Daya karshen aiwatar zo zuwa ga baka na frontal kashi. A cikin kaikaice surface ta'allaka lacrimal dagi wucewa cikin infraorbital yankin, delimiting da hawaye kwarin kunya. A da tsakiya surface ne Grid tsefe kunya cewa haɗu da da zygomatic kashi.

Zygomatic tsari, da barin muƙamuƙi, kuma converges da zygomatic kashi.

Alveolar kashi - wani lokacin farin ciki farantin da daya gefen concave, da kuma sauran - convex exiting daga muƙamuƙi. Its ƙananan baki - shi alveolar baka tududa (lune hakori) 8 ga babba hakora. Alveolar sashe don tabbatar da samuwar mezhalveolyarnyh partitions. Waje kasaftawa elevations, musamman a fili ya bayyana a cikin agara yankin.

Scion sama ne a kwance farantin. Ya fãra daga hanci surface, inda ya ke zuwa alveolar kashi. Its saman surface ne m da kuma Halicci kasa bango na hanci kogo. Da tsakiya iyaka yana da wani tashe hanci kunya, wanda halitta palatal tsari, hada da gefen coulter.

A kasan surface roughness ne daban-daban, da kuma tsaya a kan mayar da Palatine kwarin kunya. Da tsakiya baki aka haɗa guda appendage a daya hannun, inda mai wuya palate. A gaban gefen wani bude a tashar kurfi da kuma raya - An hade tare da palatal kashi.

Palatine ƙasũsuwa

Facial kasusuwa ne guda biyu da kuma unpaired. Palatine kashi nufin da biyu. Ya kunshi perpendicular da kuma a kwance farantin.

A kwance farantin yana da kusurwoyi huɗu. Tare da Palatine kashi outgrowths shi ne a cikin sama. A kwance kasa farantin yana da wani m surface. Hanci surface, da bambanci, shi ne m. Therealong da appendage located hanci maxillary dagi wucewa cikin hanci kashi.

Perpendicular bango farantin kunshe a cikin hanci kogo. A ranar da a kaikaice surface na tsagi ne manyan sama. Ta, tare da GROOVES daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi da appendage na sphenoid kashi, da samar da wani babban sama tashar. A karshen shi ne wani rami. A da tsakiya surface na farantin, wata biyu da a kwance crests - daya layin wutar yayin da sauran - da kwatami.

Daga cikin Palatine kashi da fuska yankin na kwanyar tashi orbital, pyramidal da sandan-dimbin yawa appendages. A farko gudanar laterally kuma a gaba, na biyu motsa saukar, na baya kuma laterally a shafin na connection faranti da kuma na uku ya koma, ya juya daga tsakiya ta haɗa zuwa sphenoid kashi.

vomer

Mabudin ne unpaired fuska, ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar. Wannan trapezoidal farantin wanda aka located in hanci kogo da kuma haifar da wani shãmaki. Verhnezadny Edge thicker fiye da sauran sassa. Yana da aka raba biyu, da kuma a kwarin kunya kafa wuce baki da dagi da sphenoid kashi. A na baya baki raba choanae, kasa - an haɗa da hanci ridges Palatine kashi da kuma gaban - a yanki daya da hanci septum, da kuma a cikin sauran tare da farantin karfe da ethmoid kashi.

hanci kashi

Guda biyu na fuska kwanyar kashi ana gabatar hanci kashi, da samar da wani baya kashi. Wannan bakin ciki farantin da kusurwoyinsa huɗu, wani babba baki wanda shi ne thicker kuma narrower fiye da ƙananan. Yana an haɗa zuwa frontal kashi, a kaikaice - tare da frontal tsari, da kuma ƙananan tare da tushe frontal tsari ne ya yi iyaka da budewa da hanci kogo. A gaban farfajiya na kashi yana da wani m surface, da kuma raya - concave raga tsagi.

lacrimal kashi

Wadannan mutum na fuska, ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar ma guda biyu. Sun gabatar da wani m m farantin karfe a cikin wani nau'i na quadrangle. Tare da shi, da gaban bango na falaki. A gaban shi ne sõyayya da frontal tsari, a saman - da gefen frontal kashi, da kuma bayan - tare da farantin karfe da ethmoid kashi, farkon wanda yake rufe ta tsakiya surface. A cikin kaikaice surface ayi lacrimal dagi hawaye da ƙugiya a karshen. A gaba ne lacrimal tsagi.

cheekbone

Wani biyu kashi, ha ƙasusuwan cerebral da fuska ragargaje. An wakilta orbital, na boko da kuma a kaikaice saman, kazalika da frontal da kuma na boko tafiyar matakai.

A kaikaice surface ne sababbu quadrilateral orbital siffofin da wani bango na kewayewa da infraorbital yankin, na boko da kuma - part infratemporal fossa.

Frontal appendage kara zuwa sama da kuma na boko - saukar. Karshe na zygomatic aiwatar zygomatic baka siffofin. Kashi na sama muƙamuƙi aka saka a kan serrated yankin.

ƙananan muƙamuƙi

Wannan shi ne kawai mobile girman kwanyar kashi. Shi ne unpaired kuma kunshi wani kwance jiki, da kuma biyu a tsaye rassan.

The jiki ne lankwasa a kofaton siffar da kuma da biyu na ciki da kuma na waje surface. Its ƙananan baki ne thickened da kuma taso keya, da kuma na sama na tare da halitta alveolar hakori Alveoli wanda rabu da juna ta hanyar partitions.

A gaban na Chin located protrusion fadada da kuma juya cikin Chin tubercle. Bayan akwai wani shafi tunanin mutum foramen, bayan abin da ya zo da QFontDatabase line.

A tsakiyar na ciki na ƙananan muƙamuƙi aka saki Chin kashin baya, a kan ko dai gefen wanda akwai wani oblong 2-ciki fossa. A babba baki, kusa da hakori Alveoli, ne sublingual fossa, a karkashin wanda fãra rauni muƙamuƙi-hyoid line. A layin da aka located a karkashin submandibular fossa.

Branch muƙamuƙi ne tururi, yana gaba da raya gefuna, wani m da wani ciki surface. A kan m ɓangare na daukan taban gano, da kuma a kan ciki - pterygoid tuberosity.

Branch ƙare da gaba da raya appendages cewa mika zuwa gaba. Tsakanin su akwai aka clipping ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Anterior tsari - coronal, nuna a saman. Buccal tsefe shiryar da ta karkashi wani m hakori. A na baya appendage condylar kammala shugaban, wuyansa wadda kara ƙananan muƙamuƙi.

hyoid kashi

Kasusuwa da fuska yankin na kwanyar karshen hyoid kashi, wanda aka located a cikin wuyansa tsakanin maƙogwaro da kuma ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Yana hada jiki da kuma biyu appendages a cikin irin manyan da kananan ƙahoni. kashi mai lankwasa jiki, da gaban kashi - da convex da kuma raya - concave. A tarnaƙi karkacewa babban zankayen zuwa sama, laterally kuma koma-baya - kananan. A hyoid kashi ne dakatar daga kwanyar ƙasũsuwa da tsokoki da jijiyoyin sun hadu. Yana an haɗa da maƙogwaro.

ƙarshe

Lokacin da muke nazarin fuska, ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar, haltta fa, tã da hankali na farko na duk wuya ƙasa a kan m da ciki saman, wanda aka bayyana da cewa akwai tarar da kwakwalwarmu, ganglia da azanci shine gabobin.

Kasusuwa ne na kullum (sai dai ƙananan muƙamuƙi). Suna kulla da dama seams a cikin kwanyar da fuska, kazalika ta hanyar da guringuntsi a gidajen abinci na girman tushe.