A ka'ida kuma Hanyar ji. Common hanyoyin da ji. Mene ne aunawa kida

Yana da wuya a overestimate muhimmancin ji da zamani a rayuwar. Kamar yadda fasahar ci gaba da tambayar da bukatar su ne ba shi daraja, amma ga fore da akida, da kuma hanyoyin da za a inganta ji daidaito. Kuma fadada bakan kanta yankunan da ake amfani a cikin tsarin da kuma hanyoyin da ji. A lokaci guda tasowa ba kawai fasaha da fasaha hanyoyin aiwatar da wadannan ayyukan, amma kuma su yi amfani da na ra'ayi. A ranar, da ji Hanyar ne mai sa na dabaru ko hanyoyin da za su iya yi da manufa na kayyade a so girma.

Principles of ji hanyoyin

A zuciya na wani ji hanyar dogara ne a kan wani jiki dokar, wanda, bi da bi, ta dogara ne a kan wannan ko cewa halitta sabon abu. A metrology jiki mamaki sau da yawa a tsare a matsayin effects, haifar da juna. Don auna daban-daban canji musamman dokokin nema. Alal misali, yanzu ji an sanya a kan Josephson sakamako. Wannan sabon abu, a karkashin abin da superconducting halin yanzu gudana ta hanyar da dielectric Layer raba da superconductors. Don sanin da halaye, da tunawa da makamashi ne wani sakamako - Peltier, kuma domin kirga gudu - da sãɓawar radiation mita Doppler bude. A wani sauki misali na kayyade taro na wani abu ta amfani da karfi da nauyi, wanda bayyana kanta a cikin yin la'akari da tsari.

Nau'in ji hanyoyin

biyu fasalin rabuwa ji hanyoyin yawanci amfani - da yanayin canje-canje a cikin dabi'u dangane da lokaci da kuma hanyar da data saye. A cikin farko idan kasaftawa a tsaye da kuma tsauri dabaru. Ilimin kididdiga ji hanyoyin da ake da halin da cewa sakamakon samu ba bambanta dangane da batu a wadda ake amfani. Wannan na iya zama, misali, da asali da hanyoyin da aunawa da taro da kuma girman da abu. Dynamic hanyoyin, da bambanci, da muhimmi m hawa da sauka a yi. Irin wannan hanyoyin hada da wadanda hanyoyin da damar saka idanu da matsa lamba halaye, gas, ko zazzabi. Canje-canje yawanci faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da kewaye kafofin watsa labarai. Akwai sauran rarrabuwa hanyoyin, saboda da bambanci a ji daidaito da kuma yanayi na ma'amala. Amma su ayan zama na biyu. Yanzu, duk da haka, yana da daraja idan akai la'akari da mafi m Hanyar ji.

Hanyar kwatanta da awo

A wannan yanayin ji faruwa ta hanyar kwatanta da ake so dabi'u da dabi'u reproducible gwargwado. A matsayin misali na wannan tsari zai iya kai lissafi amfani taro balance liba irin. Mai amfani da farko aiki tare da kayan aiki, wanda shar'anta wasu dabi'u da matakan. A musamman, ta hanyar yin amfani da daidaita awo tsarin, shi zai iya zama wani mataki na daidaito kama da nauyin da abu. Classic kayan aiki ga aunawa matsa lamba a wasu embodiments ya shafi kayyade dabi'u ta hanyar kwatanta da karatu a cikin wani matsakaici a wadda riga aiki farko da aka sani yawa. Wani misali ya shafi ji ƙarfin lantarki. A wannan yanayin, misali, cikin halaye na compensator za a idan aka kwatanta da aka sani na al'ada electromotive karfi kashi.

Hanyar aunawa dace

Shi ne kuma wani fairly na kowa dabara da ake amfani a fannoni daban daban. Hanyar dace ji darajar kuma samar da wani manufa darajar da wani gwargwado, wanda aka sani a gaba. Kawai, sabanin da suka gabata hanya, da ji an yi kai tsaye a cikin kwatanta shi ne ba dabara darajar, da kuma cikin sharuddan da girma ne irin wannan tarawa. Kullum, da hanyoyin da cika mũdu da irin wannan manufa da ake amfani da mafi sau da yawa a cikin jiki yi halaye na abu. A wata hanya mai kama da wannan hanya liyafar kayyade yawa ta hanyar canzawa. Kawai a cikin wannan harka, da gyara factor bayar ba ta da daraja, wanda yake kama da so darajar, da kuma alamomi na reference abu.

Azanci ji Hanyar

Wannan shi ne wani wajen m line na metrology, wanda dogara ne a kan yin amfani da mutum hankula. A wannan yanayin, akwai biyu Categories azanci shine ma'aunai. Alal misali, an fashe Hanyar damar kimanta wani musamman siga da abu, ba tare da bada wani cikakken hoto na da halaye da kuma zai yiwu yi. Sinfi na biyu shi ne m m cikin abin da ma'auni Hanyar yin amfani da hankali gabobin ba mafi ra'ayin game da daban-daban sigogi da abu. Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa hadaddun analysis ne sau da yawa m ba kawai a matsayin hanyar lissafin ga dukan halaye na kungiyar, amma a matsayin kayan aiki don tantance sauran suitability daga cikin abu cikin sharuddan da yiwu amfani da wani musamman manufa. Amma ga m aikace-aikace na organoleptic hanyoyin, sa'an nan suka za a iya kimanta, misali, m, ko cylindrical sassa yanke quality. A cikin hadaddun ji ta wannan hanya za a iya samun wani ra'ayin na radial runout na shaft, wanda aka same kawai bayan da bincike na wannan roundness da surface halaye na cikin matsanancin memba.

Contact kuma contactless ji hanyoyin

Ka'idojin lamba kuma ba lamba ji ne gagarumin bambance-bambance. A cikin hali na na'urorin sanya tare da lamba kayyade girma a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga abu. Amma tun wannan ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu saboda da gaban m kafofin watsa labarai da kuma wahala da damar yin amfani da shafin na ji, an mika da kuma wadanda ba lamba manufa na kirga da dabi'u. Contact aunawa Hanyar amfani a tabbatar da dalilin da yawa kamar salla, amperage, size sigogi, da kuma sauransu. D. Duk da haka, a cikin ji na musamman high zafin jiki ne ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu.

Non-lamba ji za a iya za'ayi da musamman model pyrometers kuma thermal imagers. A aiki, su ne ba kai tsaye a kan manufa yanayi ji, da kuma hulɗa tare da ta radiation. A wani yawan dalilan da zazzabi ji hanyoyin domin contactless manufa ba sosai m. Saboda haka, da suka hada da ake kawai inda ka bukatar ka zama sane da halaye na wasu yankunan ko yankuna.

da aunawa kida

Range na ji kayan aikin ne m, ko da idan muka yi magana game da wani takamaiman wuri dabam. Alal misali, don auna daya kawai da yawan zafin jiki da ake amfani da thermometers, pyrometers, thermal imagers, kuma wannan multipurpose tashar hygrometer da barometer ayyuka. Don asusu domin zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki karatu a cikin hadaddun kwanan amfani da data loggers, sanye take da m bincike. Lokacin da kimantawa da na yanayi yanayi da kuma matsa lamba ma'auni ne sau da yawa amfani - a na'urar auna matsa lamba, wanda za a iya supplemented da kuma kula da na'urori masu auna sigina gaseous kafofin watsa labarai. Broad band kuma inji ne aka ba a cikin kashi na nufin aunawa da halaye na lantarki haihuwarka. Ga mu iya rarrabe waɗannan na'urorin, kamar wani voltmeter da wani ammeter. Sa'an nan, kamar yadda a cikin hali na yanayin tashoshin, yana nufin don lissafin kudi na lantarki filin sigogi na iya zama da duniya - Ina nufin la'akari da dama sigogi lokaci guda.

Test kuma Ji da kai

A cikin gargajiya ji na aunawa na'urar - wani kayan aiki da samar da bayanai game da wani darajar halayyar ga wani takamaiman abu a wannan lokacin. Lokacin aiki da mai amfani da rijistar da alamomi da kuma kara a kan su akai daukan dace da mafita. Amma ƙara, wadannan guda na'urorin da ake hadedde a hadaddun kayan aiki tare da aiki da kai cewa dogara ne a kan wannan rubuce shaidar daukan kansa yanke shawara, misali, ta hanyar gyara aiki sigogi. A musamman, da instrumentation da kuma aiki da kai kayan aiki nasarar hade a gidaje gas mains, a dumama da kuma samun iska tsarin, da dai sauransu. Alal misali, a cikin layi matsa lamba kiyaye za sigina wani atomatik tsarin kiwon ko kara samar da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa matsakaici girma - .. Ruwa ko guda gas.

Ji da kuskure

Kusan kowace ji tsari ya shafi wani mataki karkacewa a sakamakon ba a game da ainihin dabi'u. Kuma kuskure na iya zama 0,001% kuma 10%, kuma mafi. Kamar wancan asirce bazuwar da kuma na din-din-din-zinace. Random kuskure na ji sakamakon halin da cewa shi ne ba batun wasu dokoki. A bambanci, tsanaki sabawa daga ainihin dabi'u ne daban-daban a cikin abin da suka riƙe su dabi'u ko da yawa maimaita ma'aunai.

ƙarshe

Masana'antun na instrumentation da metrology kayan aiki sosai na musamman kokarin da ci gaba fiye da aikin da a lokaci guda akwai amfani da tsarin. Kuma wannan ya shafi ba kawai sana'a kayan aiki amma kuma m kudi. Alal misali, yanzu ji za a iya yi a gida ta amfani da wani multimeter, kayyade dama sigogi lokaci guda. A wannan za a iya ce da na'urorin aiki tare da matsa lamba karatu, zafin jiki da kuma zafi, wanda aka bai wa m aiki da kuma na zamani ergonomics. Duk da haka, idan aiki na rijista da takamaiman darajar, da masana har yanzu bayar da shawarar a tuntube musamman na'urar kawai aiki tare da manufa siga. Suna yawanci mafi girma ji daidaito, wanda shi ne sau da yawa m, a kimantawa da halaye na aiki kayan aiki.