Ethology - da kimiyya na dabba hali

Man da ya faru da tsayar da hali na dabbobi, yi kokarin fahimtar da decipher su harshe. Akwai musamman kimiyya na dabba hali. Game da shi, kuma game da abu na ta binciken da za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Mene ne nazari na dabba hali?

Animal hali daga ra'ayi da nazarin halittu da kwasfansu na dabba karbuwa ga mazauninsu nazarin ethology. A lokaci a Greek nufin "da nazarin yanayi." Yana da kimiyya na dabba hali a cikin daji. Mutanen da suke da fasaha tsunduma a cikin binciken da halaye na dabbobi, ethologists, da kulawa ta musamman ga genetically gyarawa hali. Sun kuma yi karatu da siffofin dabbobi hali, wanda ya bayyana da kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a cikin sauye-sauyen tarihi. Tun lokacin da aka kafa Dabbobi K. Lorenz kuma N. Tinbergen kimiyya na dabba hali yana da wadannan manufofin:

• gano Sanadin halayya ayyukan dabbobi.
• koyi yadda samuwar wani halayya yi a cikin mutum ci gaba da dabba.
• gano abin da shi da zance a cikin rayuwar wani dabba.
• fahimci yadda juyin halittar halayya yi.

Tambayoyi ethology bayyanannu, amma game da bincike hanyoyin rigingimu. Wasu masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni su ne masu rinjaye, da kuma cewa zai iya kawai sa lura a yanayin rayuwa. A ra'ayi na magoya bayan mutum ethology an rage zuwa fitarwa na da hakkin ya kula da dabbobi a cikin yanayi na mutum aiki. Wasu yi imani da cewa ethology yana da hakkin ya yi amfani da hanyoyin da gwaji dabba tunani: tallan kayan kawa, gwaje-gwajen, gwaje-gwajen.

dabba hali

Ethologists binciko hali a matsayin m dabba hulda da yanayi. Halayyar yana nufin duk wani aiki wanda mutum farfado. Aka ƙaddara ta biyu sharuddan: a unitary nazarin halittu dauki da kuma nau'i na hali. Hada reflexes characterizes unitary dauki. Halittu nau'i na hali da aka kira wani hadadden m ga Manzilõli na rayuwa daga cikin halayyar, misali, abinci, tsaron gida, bincike, da kuma sauran iyaye.

Godiya ga lura da dabbobi a da yanayi, da kimiyya na dabba hali ya ƙaddara cewa, misali, karnuka cinye ruwa abinci da ruwa, a tsaye, da kuma kwance ci m guda - An ciyar da hali. Kula da zũriyarsu tsakanin iyakacin duniya bears kamar beyar watanni da dama ya ginu ne tare da kwiyakwiyanta a wani kogo, ya ciyar da su, depleting ta reserves - An lura da hali na iyaye.

Inda m kallo ethologists?

Ethological ilmi ake bukata, yafi bayyana halayyar dabbobi. The hanyoyin amfani da ethologists a cikin aikin, sa shi yiwuwa a tata data kasance ilmi game da dabbobi, da fadada ilimi na da hali.

A kimiyya na dabba hali na samar da ilimi da ake bukata a cikin dabba husbandry. Ethological lura mace sanye da zuriyar dabbobi ba da damar makiyaya domin sanin lokacin da ya sa ran bayarwa. Alal misali, ganin cewa saniya ya zama m, kullum canja wuri, kokarin ja da baya, da makiyayin fahimci cewa dole ne mu shirya domin zargin wani sabon memba na gona. Kiyaye da hali na dawakai bayar da shawarar wani hadadden ƙaddarãwar wadannan dabbobi. A manomi ko mai horo dole ne la'akari da ethological ilimi, wanda ya nuna cewa doki ne sosai picky mutane. Sun hadu da amana da biyayya kawai ga waɗanda suka kula game da su, ta girmama da kuma ya yabi su.

Ba tare da sanin ethological tukuru masu horon. Data a kan m tsaron gida dauki a cikin dabbobi, wanda ya bada ethology (nazarin dabba hali), kauce wa hatsarori. Saboda haka, tun da numbness da immobility Tiger nasiha calms da dabba, da cewa bai kai hari. Lokacin aiki tare da huskies nasiha dole ne ya yi la'akari da sakamakon ethology, suka ce cewa irin wannan dauki ba ya nan a waɗannan dabbobi - su kawai nuna sharri - aiki tsaron gida dauki.

Ban sha'awa ethological kallo

Wasu da suka lura da dabbobi da suke da matukar ban sha'awa.

• Idan otters kwance a ruwa ciki har da riƙe dungu, sa'an nan suka yi barci.
• Kwiyakwiyi, boys a wasanni tare da kwiyakwiyi, da 'yan mata da yawa rasa fita musamman ta wajen ba su damar da za su ji dadin nasara.
• Akwai dabbobi, misali, sunadarai cewa dauka a kan ilimi na matasa na sauran mace.
• Shanu masu azumi abokai. Sun iya zama abokai tare da wasu ciyar mafi yawan su lokaci sadarwa tare da shi, kula game da shi.