Mene ne Alveoli. huhu Alveoli

Ilimin Halittar Jiki Tsarin, wanda za a tattauna a wannan takarda wani bangare ne na biyu da tsarin na jikin mutum: numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar. Kama rijiyoyin ko Kwayoyin, sunã da wani kaucewa daban-daban histological tsarin da kuma yi bambancin ayyuka. A lokacin embryogenesis ci gaba biyu jam yadudduka - indodem, da kuma mesodam. Wannan mutum Alveoli. Sun hada da pneumatic huhu da nama da kuma zurfafa a cikin kasusuwa na manya da ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Mu dauki wani look at wadannan Tsarin cikin daki-daki.

A waje tsarin da tsarin raka'a na huhu nama

Human huhu - An guda biyu gabobin, mamaye kusan dukan kirji kogo da kuma tabbatar da samar da oxygen a cikin jikin ta Kwayoyin da kuma kau da wuce haddi carbon dioxide da kuma ruwa. Dindindin gas musayar ne zai yiwu saboda musamman tsarin huhu nama, kunsha na babban adadin microscopic saccular tsarin. bango protrusion na parenchyma na numfashi tsarin cewa yayi kama da saƙar zuma - wancan ne abin da Alveoli. Tun da makwabta Tsarin shi da dangantaka interalveolar septum kunsha na biyu epithelial yadudduka dauke da lebur-dimbin yawa Kwayoyin. Tsakanin su ne collagen zaruruwa da reticular nama, intercellular abu da kuma capillaries. All sama Tsarin ake kira interstitium. Ya kamata a lura da cewa cibiyar sadarwa da jini a cikin huhu shi ne mafi girma da kuma branched a cikin jikin mutum. Dalilin shi ne, tare da su via Alveoli a cikin huhu da aka bayar da kai carbon dioxide daga venous jini a cikin alveolar lumen da kuma nassi na oxygen gare cikin jini.

jini shãmaki

Samu a lokacin inspiratory rabo daga iska ta shiga Alveoli na huhu, wanda ake tattarawa, kamar wani gungu na inabi a kan thinnest shambura - bronchioles. Daga jini raba su sau uku tsari, wata kauri daga 0.1-1.5 microns, da ake kira iska-jini shãmaki. Yana hada da alveolar membrane da cytoplasm na abubuwa, sassan endothelium da ruwa abinda ke ciki. Domin mafi fahimtar abin da Alveoli da kuma abin da suke ta ayyuka, shi dole ne a tuna da cewa yadawa na gas a cikin huhu ne da ba zai yiwu ba tare da irin wannan Tsarin kamar yadda interalveolar septum, jini shãmaki, kuma interstitium, wanda ya ƙunshi fibroblasts, macrophages da leukocytes. An muhimmanci aiki da aka yi da alveolar macrophages, alveolar Septa shirya a ciki da kuma m capillaries. Ga su manne da abubuwa masu cutarwa da kuma barbashi samu a cikin huhu a lokacin inhalation. Macrophages kuma iya phagocytose ja jini Kwayoyin makale a cikin alveolar kumfa idan wani mutum kamu da zuciya rashin cin nasara, nauyaya cunkoso cututtuka a cikin huhu.

Hanyar waje numfasawa

Kwayoyin da kwayoyin bayar da oxygen da kuma warware daga carbon dioxide da jini wucewa ta cikin alveolar capillary cibiyar sadarwa. Bayan iska-jini shãmaki a gaban shugabanci ana ci gaba da motsi oxygen da kuma carbon dioxide saki daga carbonate acid da kuma ta salts, carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Yana da yake a cikin ja jini Kwayoyin. Da har na yadawa za a iya hukunci a kan tushen da wadannan Figures: game da miliyan 300 Alveoli kafa huhu nama ne kamar 140 m ² na surface gas musayar tsari da kuma samar da waje numfasawa. The sama facts bayyana abin da Alveoli da kuma rawar da shi ya yi aikin a cikin musayar abubuwa a jikin mu. A gaskiya, shi ne mai babbar kashi ga aiwatar da numfashi.

Histological tsarin da Alveoli

Bayan dauke da ilmin jikin mutum na huhu nama Kwayoyin, bari mu yanzu a kan su jinsunan bambancin. A abun da ke ciki na Alveoli akwai nau'i biyu daga abubuwa kira sel irin I da na II. Farko - wani lebur siffar iya adsorbing barbashi daga turɓãya, hayaki da kuma datti, suna a cikin inhaled iska. An muhimmanci aiki da suka yi pinocytic blisters cika da gina jiki substrate. Su rage surface tashin hankali na Alveoli da kuma hana su daga fadowa kashe a lokacin exhalation. Wani kashi na irin na Kwayoyin - rufe tsarin bauta a matsayin buffer kuma ba da damar interstitial ruwa zuwa shiga cikin Alveoli na rami cike da iska. m irin II cell kungiyoyin da cytoplasm kama kumfa. An same su a cikin alveolar ganuwar, iya aiki mitosis, kuma wannan ya haddasa farfadowa da kuma ci gaban na sel na huhu nama.

Alveoli a Dentistry

Zurfafa a cikin muƙamuƙi, wanda gidaje da hakori tushen - wancan ne abin da Alveoli. Its bango an kafa ta a m abu da ciwon wani farantin form. Ya ƙunshi osteocytes, kazalika da salts da alli, phosphorus, tutiya da sunadarin flourine, don haka isasshe m da kuma karfi. Farantin ne a haɗe zuwa dadashin katakanta da ya parodontnye strands na collagen zaruruwa. Haka kuma an richly kawota tare da jini da kuma braided jijiya endings. Bayan kau da hakori ya zauna karfi protruding bango na m ɓangare na soket da kashi septum. Warkar da Alveoli da hakora ga 3-5 watanni da samuwar granulation nama a farkon, aka maye gurbinsu da osteoid, bi da balagagge kashi nama na muƙamuƙi.