Disruptor na tushe na Bazarov. "Ubanni da yara" - wani labari game da muhawarar al'ummomi

Yawancin hamsin sun kasance a cikin wani yanayi na juyin juya hali a karni na goma sha tara da ashirin. A cikin karni na karshe, canjin yanayi, sabon fasaha, fasaha da kimiyya ya haifar da rikici. Ya zama kamar matasa cewa duk abin da zai zama daban-daban, ɗayan bil'adama zai rayu daban, kuma "kakanni" masu ra'ayin mazan jiya zasu ki yarda da su: "Duk abin zai koma al'ada, kuma babu satellites da reactors tare da kwakwalwa na iya canza mutane."

Chemists ko mawaƙa? Physicists ko lyrics?

Kusan irin wannan yanayi yana cikin iska na karni na XIX. Ivan Turgenev ya rubuta littafi mai ban mamaki a cikin shekarun 60s, amma aikinsa ya faru a baya, a tsakar rana na sasanci. Mai ɗaukar rikice-rikice na zamani ya kasance ne na nihilist, jari-hujja da kuma Cynic Yevgeny Bazarov. Uba da yara a aikin wallafe-wallafen ba'a wakilci a matsayin dangi. Ma'aikatar tsohuwar tsara da kuma sha'awar tsarin mulkin mallaka, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, ya yi jayayya da 'yan tawayen' yan tawaye kamar yadda 'yan shekarun zamanin "thaw" suka shiga gardama na akida a tsakiyar karni na 20.

Wane ne mafi mahimmanci, wanene ya fi cancanta, ilimin lissafi ko kalmomi? Tambayoyi a kan wannan batu sun kasance damuwa ga mutanen da ke Tarayyar Soviet. "Wani likitan chemist ya fi amfani da mawaki," hali na Turgenev, dan likita Bazarov, ya yi imani da ƙarshen shekarun 1950. "Uba da yara" wani labari ne game da gardama na har abada tsakanin masu jari-hujja da masu zane-zane, kuma jarumawansa suna da ra'ayoyi da yawa.

Conservatism da Liberalism

Kirsanov ya kwatanta matsayi na mai mulki da kuma "yarima", ba tare da abin da rayuwa ba zai yiwu ba, kuma abokin adawarsa ya yi fushi sosai. Ya yi imanin cewa wajibi ne a "bayyana" wuri don sabuwar dangantaka ta zamantakewa, kuma hakan zai yiwu ne ta hanyar lalata tsohuwar duniya "a kasa, sannan ...". Yana da wuya ya karanta ayyukan Marx, akalla, babu alamun wannan a cikin littafin, amma Bazarov ya furta ruhunsu, duk da haka a cikin tsari mai sauƙi. "Iyaye da 'ya'ya" - wani labari, wani aiki na fasaha, wanda ya nuna da motsi na Rasha zamantakewa da tunani a cikin wani m shugabanci.

Tambayoyi game da manoma

Abin sha'awa shine jayayya game da Narodnichestvo, wanda shine jarumi na littafin nan "Ubanni da 'ya'ya." Evgeni Bazarov, ga alama, yana da zurfi sani game da rayuwan ƙauye, kakansa har ma ya tsaftace ƙasar. Ya kuma zargi Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov da rashin haɓaka aikin samar da noma, kuma a lokaci guda da rashin aiki. Duk wannan gaskiyar gaskiya ce, amma wannan shine matsala, wannan masanin bautan ya manta da tushen jahilai. Sun amsa masa tare da tsabar kudin daidai, sunyi la'akari da shi marar amfani. A gaskiya ma, Kirsanov da Bazarov suna da ra'ayi sosai mai kyau na rayuwar mutane. Uba da yara suna kama da shi a cikin hankalin su game da wannan batu.

Kuma me game da ƙauna?

Dukansu batutuwa masu rikitarwa sunyi tasiri sosai. Yawancin jari-hujja ya ba da kyauta ga kamfanonin Fenechka, yana son shi, amma saduwa da Anna Sergeyevna Odintsova yana kallon ƙauna ba kawai a matsayin bayyanar ilmantarwa na tunanin haifuwa ba. Pavel Petrovich yana son in ba haka ba, bai kula da yadda yake ji ba. Princess R. - Allahntakarsa, amma wannan littafi ya ƙare cikin haɗari, ta mutu. Ya bar Odintsov da Bazarov. "Iyaye da 'ya'ya" - wani littafin game da unrequited soyayya.

Halin da marubucin ya yi wa halayensa

Ƙaunar marubuci a gefen Kirsanov, duk wani mai karatu a cikin littafin "Fathers and Sons" ya ji wannan. Hoton na Bazarov ne a tunaninsu da lamirinsu kin amincewa, duk da cewa wasu daga cikin muhawara da wuya a saba. Duk da haka, Pavel Petrovich ba wata manufa ce mai kyau ba, yana da nakasa. Saboda haka marubucin ya umarci halayensa, an "kashe" daya, wanda kuma aka aika a waje.

A fili, Turgenev yana so ya ga wasu haruffa, kuma ba kawai cikin shafukan littattafai ba, amma a rayuwa.