Binciken da tarihin halittar mawaki "Winter Night" (Pasternak)

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak yana daya daga cikin marubucin marubuta na Rasha a karni na 20, wanda aka yi la'akari da yadda aka rubuta da shayari a cikin mafi kyau. Mafi shahararren aikinsa shi ne Doctor Zhivago. Wannan littafi ne, wanda shine karo na farko a cikin tarihin wallafe-wallafe na Rasha, ya hada da shayari da bincike. Kuma ya buɗe sashin layi na aikin littafi "Winter Night".

Pasternak ya halicci gwarzo wanda yake jin dadi kuma ya rubuta waka. Amma domin kada ya dame mai karatu daga abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwar Yuri Zhivago, marubucin ya sanya duk abubuwan da ya rubuta a ƙarshen littafin.

Tarihin halitta

Don haka, wajibi Winter Night »(Pasternak), tarihinsa za a bayyana a kasa, an rubuta shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin da ya fi girma. Wannan aikin ne wanda Yuri Zhivago ya fara tattara waƙa. Daga baya, ayar da aka buga ta dabam daga labari kuma an saka shi a kan kiɗa. Amma baya ga tarihi.

Kwanan lokacin da aka rubuta waƙar ba zai yiwu ba, tun lokacin Pasternak kansa ya yi aiki har tsawon shekaru 10 a kan littafin (1945-1955). Duk da haka, masu sukar suna yarda da cewa mawaki ya halicci kwarewarsa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin ƙarshen littafin. Wannan zato yana hade da gaskiyar cewa a waɗannan shekarun da ya riga ya sha wahala ta farko na zuciya ba Pasternak. "Winter Night" - aya game da gwagwarmayar rayuwa da mutuwa, sabili da haka, wannan batun ya kasance kusa da marubuci. Kuma a wani lokaci, idan ba a tsakar rana ba, watau irin wannan tunanin zai shiga kansa?

Shin, kamar yadda ya yiwu, yawancin malaman litattafai sun yarda cewa an rubuta waƙa a cikin 1954-55.

Game da aikin da kanta, an san littafin "Doctor Zhivago" a kasashen waje, an ba shi kyautar "Nobel Prize". Saboda haka, aikin da marubucin kansa an tsananta masa ƙwarai a gida. Ba a sake buga shi ba kuma an kore shi daga Ƙungiyar 'Yan Rubutun. Pasternak ya rubuta wasiƙu sau da dama, yana ƙoƙari ya tabbatar da gwamnatinsa da amincinsa, amma wannan bai taimaka ba. Masu adawa da marubucin sun juya zuwa abinda ke cikin littafin, suna kiran shi anti-Soviet. Kuma waƙar "Winter Night" an shafe shi da zalunci mai tsanani, kamar yadda aka gane shi mai lalata ne, mai lalacewa da lalata.

Jigo

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, ainihin mawallafin "Winter Night" (Pasternak) shine batun gwagwarmayar tsakanin rayuwa da mutuwa. Ayyukan da kanta kanta mahimmanci ne, kowane layi da hoton yana da ma'anar ma'anar boye.

Saboda haka, la'akari da dukan rubutun a cikin yanayin gwagwarmaya, zamu iya cewa iska, blizzard da sanyi sune alamomin mutuwa, kuma wutar ƙonewa mai ƙonewa shine rai. Kuma wannan haske mai lalacewa ya bar marasa lafiya Yuri Zhivago kamar yadda zai bar Pasternak kansa.

Duk da haka, tare da m theme na rayuwa da mutuwa, akwai jigo na soyayya, hade da na halitta mamaki. Mutane ji kamar ci gaba a cikin yanayi. Saboda haka, sha'awar mutum yana tare da blizzard, saƙa a kan windows "da'irori da kibau." Duk da haka, yanayin da "zafi na jaraba" yana da sakamako mai tasiri ga mai gabatarwa?

Idea

Ma'anar waƙar "Winter Night" (Pasternak) ya dace da taken. An haɗa shi cikin gwagwarmayar mutum ba wai kawai tare da mutuwa ba, amma har da matsalolin yau da kullum, jarabtar mutum. Sabili da haka, jaruntaka na tsayayya da blizzard a waje da taga, da kuma gwajin da yake kone kansa. A cikin halin mutum yana rikice rikici, ba zai iya fahimtar inda ya kasance mai kyau ba, kuma inda mummunan aiki yake. Don bayyana wannan a cikin waƙar yana taimaka wa wadannan magungunan na gaba: mala'ika, jaraba, "crosswise".

Duk da haka, don fuskantar barazanar waje (blizzards) kawai ƙarfin ruhaniya (wanda aka nuna ta kyandir) da kauna. Kafin yanayin jin dadi, duhu ya koma, gidan ya zama mai jin dadi, mai zafi.

Alamar kyandir na da muhimmanci. Yana, kamar yadda aka gani a sama, yana tare da jarumi kansa. Ya ci gaba da ƙone (rayuwa), duk da matsa lamba na duniyar waje. Hoton mai banƙyama amma ci gaba da dumi fitilu ta shiga cikin waƙar duka.

Shawarwarin waƙar "Winter Night" (Pasternak)

Tattaunawa game da abun da ke cikin waka ya ba mu damar ƙaddamar cewa aikin yana dogara ne akan liyafar antithesis ('yan adawa) na abubuwa biyu: kankara da harshen wuta. Ruwan ruwan sama yana rufe duniya baki daya, yana kwashe duk abin da yake kewaye da ita, ya rabu da gilashi, ba zai iya shiga cikin dakin ba, wanda kyandir ya warke.

Maima yana da nauyin zobe - layin karshe yana maimaita farkon, albeit ba daidai ba. Kuma saboda wannan magana ba kawai mabuɗin ba ne, amma bambance-bambance a ciki yana da muhimmancin gaske. Don haka, a ƙarshen waƙar babu wata maimaita "melok-melo" kuma akwai alamar lokacin - Fabrairu. Saboda haka, mawãƙi ya haɗu da hadarin da ya riga ya wuce, sabili da haka ikon ikon rai da bege ya ci nasara.

Girman labaran

Girman labaran ya ba da wata ƙaƙƙarfan motsin rai ga waƙar "Winter Night" (Pasternak). A tsarin bincike ya nuna cewa samfurin da aka rubuta chetyrehstopnym iambics giciye-rhyme, inda namiji (1, line 3) da kuma mace (2, line 4) madadin rhyme. Kuma abin da ake kira peregovka rhythm, wato, raguwa na 2 da 4 na line, ya ba da waƙar wata ƙwarewa ta musamman.

Kammalawa

Saboda haka, duniya da mutum, nan take da har abada a cikin waka "Winter Night" sun haɗu. Pasternak ya kirkiro aiki mai zurfi, tunani da falsafar.