Derbent bango a Derbent: description tare da hotuna

Daga cikin gidajen tarihi na birnin Derbent Rasha tsaye kwarai Gabas dandano, ciki iko da Multi-karni tarihi. A bayyanar "lu'ulu'u" na Dagestan ne halin da grandiose tsaron gida Tsarin, na ga cewa mataki a lokacin da ya kasance mai girma sansanin soja, lockable nassi tare da Caspian Coast. Mutane da yawa kilomita Derbent biyu bango garu sansanin soja Naryn-Kala, da An katange hanya o ƙarin arziki kudu "dabbanci" na arewa.

Daga tsawo daga duwãtsu

Daga tsawo daga cikin kunya Dzhalganskogo Derbent alama kunkuntar fari band mikewa tsakanin blue teku, da kuma kore bango na dagi daga duwãtsu. An fara daga teku ne quite m tsiri na gine-gine da kuma gidãjen Aljanna, birnin, hankali hawa sama dutsen, aka matsa a cikin wani fili tsarin na layi daya ganuwar da abuts da m hawan daya daga cikin kakar da dutsen kewayon Dzhalganskogo.

A nan, a kan wani dutse a kusa da bakin fadi a cikin wani dutse na zurfin gorges, falalen m ganuwar da kagara, da mamaye lebur, rufi da kuma wani cibiyar sadarwa na masu lankwasa hanyoyi located a kasa na tsohon birnin. Musamman shi ya dubi majestically a saman bango a Derbent Derbent hotuna wanda rinjayar da irin nisan da gina gine-ginen na tsufa.

duniya al'adunmu

Kutta nan goma sha biyar, shekara ɗari da suka wuce, da Sasanian Iran, bi da Larabawa Khalifanci ba ne kawai tsayayya da mãsu alãma daga cikin m jam'iyya na steppe makiyaya, amma kuma yada su iko da tasiri a kan dukan gabashin Caucasus. Abin mamaki, Derbent bango - biyu bango Sassanid zamanin - tsira da dama, da yaƙe-yaƙe, partially kiyaye su.

Archaeological bincike ya nuna cewa a cikin irin wannan muhimmanci dabarun wuri na yau da kullum shiri wanzu 6000 da suka wuce. Wannan hujja damar Derbent an dauki mafi tsufa birnin a Rasha da kuma daya daga cikin tsofaffin a duniya. A shekara 2003 ya da wani alama na birnin: UNESCO masana sun gane da kagara a Duniya Heritage Site matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau kiyaye Monuments na USAID gine na zamanin d Farisa.

wuri

Ancient Derbent duk sanya tsakanin biyu dogon ganuwar mikawa a layi daya da kuma kusa da juna, a fadin nassi a tsakanin teku da duwatsu. Daya daga cikin mafi tsawo tsaron gida ganuwar Derbent, arewacin, tsira kusan ta dukan tsawon, kuma har yanzu suranta arewacin kan iyakar birnin.

Kudu Derbent bango, a layi daya zuwa na farko, da aka adana kawai tare da babba ko yammacin birnin da kananan yankunan sauran wurare. Halakar shi ya fara bayan da Rasha ci, a lokacin da ƙananan ɓangare na girma birnin Turai irin, ba amintattun a zamanin d iyakoki, ya fara fa] a] a kudu. An mafi kyau kiyaye kagara, ba gina zamani gine-gine.

teku sashe

Ancient matafiya musamman bugi sassa na ganuwar, barin Caspian Sea da kuma bace a karkashin teku. Tarihi Lev Gumilyov daya daga cikin na farko gudanar da wani binciken na wannan sabon abu da kuma gano cewa, dalilin da cewa gagarumin hawa da sauka a cikin teku matakin. A zamanin da, Derbent Derbent bango tattarã daga ƙasar tashar jiragen ruwa, a yanzu flooded.

Yau, da ganuwar, da jawabai a cikin teku, ya bar kawai dutse kunya, gano a kan seabed. Yadda ya kamata aza hewn tubalan ne a fili bayyane a karkashin ruwa a farfajiya na a kwantar da hankula teku.

description

The sunan tsaron gida hadaddun na Naryn-Kala (Derbent kagara da garu) na nufin "ƙunƙuntar ƙofa". Lalle ne, a nan Caucasus Mountains mafi hankali fuskanci Caspian Sea, kafa wani kunkuntar "wuyansa", motsi ta hanyar cewa sauki sarrafa. A tsawon gina game da 1300 m, a cikin birni iyaka. A duwatsu ɓangare na bango, kamar mai girma lullube zurfi a cikin Caucasus a 42 km.

A kauri daga cikin tsira ganuwar Derbent zo zuwa 4 m, da kuma a wasu wurare ya kai wani tsawo na 18-20 m. A wasu sassa na ganuwar zauna scalloped parapet. Cikin dukanin ta tsawon garun rabu da fiye ko žasa da akai-akai located hasumiya tsinkaya rectangular ko Semi-madauwari siffar, da kuma wani lokacin, kamar yadda a cikin kagara na lokaci, da m masonry. A mafi muhimmanci wurare a cikin tsaron gida bisa ga hasumiya tsinkaya mika wa tamanin da mata kagarai. A cikin ciki na ganuwar da aka sweeping staircases, wanda ya tashe sojojin zuwa tare makiya.

ƙofar arewa

A mafi ado na Derbent gine-gine ne da ƙõfõfi. Kamar yadda Larabawa marubuta a zamanin d Derbent a arewa, da Khazars, mafi miyagun a cikin soja hankali, da bango ne kawai Ƙofofi uku. Su sun tsira zuwa yau. Daya daga cikinsu - ne ƙofa, dake kusa da kagara. A hanya ya kai su cikin wani zurfin kwazazzabo, da ambulan na sansanin soja daga arewa maso yammacin. Suna da ake kira Dzharchi-iyakoki - manzo ƙofar.

Da ban sha'awa sosai domin ta na ado zane Kyrhlyarskie ƙofar - Kyrhlyar-iyakoki, ya kira a kan su dake kusa da zamanin d hurumi, bisa ga labari farin cikin kabari na farko da Musulmi a waɗannan ƙasashe. A garesu na ƙofar-span waje da kiyaye babban birnin kasar da kuma biyu sculptures na zakoki image. The uku ƙõfar, Shurinskie fili canja zuwa wani lokaci daga baya. A gaskiya ma, cikin arewacin garun Derbent ne iyakar da ke tsakanin nomadic yayin da arewa da kuma m kudu.

ƙofar kudu

A kudu bango fuskantar kasashen musulmi, bisa ga Arab marubuta, akwai mutane da yawa da ƙõfõfi. Duk da kananan tsawon na kiyaye ɓangare na bango, akwai tsira hudu ƙofofi. Daya a sosai saman kagara - Cala wasa sau - yanzu gaba daya hallaka, wasu - Bayat-capacitor dake kusa da hawan zuwa kagara - albeit flanked da tsoho zagaye hasumiya, amma dauke da gina.

Mafi ban sha'awa ne na uku ƙofar kudancin bango - Horta-iyakoki da suke tsakanin quadrangular hasumiya, da kunsha na biyu a jere Al'arshinSa. A farko waje nassi da aka tsara a matsayin uku Lancet arches, rabu da biyu madauwari ginshikan da manya quadrangular low ado stalactites. Ga Derbent gefen bangon da aka yi wa ado da kananan arches kan wanda aka sanya stalactites - ado arcature shirya a uku layuka a wani aggered alwatika.

Na biyu nassi na wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban irin, rectangular, overlapped kwance lebur baka, Allaha a kan profiled zana hotunan. Sama da wannan vault akwai wani babban baka razgruznaya baka da makafi lunette. Sama da aka sanya protruding daga bangon sassaka na wani zaki a tsaye daga gaban a wani musamman sashi da kuma kaga (kazalika da sculptures Kyrhlyarskih ƙofar) ne sosai kowa yana da kuma Schematic.

Daga cikin hudu ƙofar kudancin steppe, dake a cikin gari yankin da kuma aka kira Doubar-iyakoki, tsira biyu m pylons da ãyõyi rataye arches tsakanin su. Bugu da kari, akwai ƙofofi biyu na garin a kagara: gabashin A rectangular hasumiya, da ɗaukar burbushi na da yawa gyare-gyare, da kuma Yammacin, flanked da biyu hasumiyarki.

sauran jan hankali

Derbent bango da kagara - ba ne kawai tsohon birnin. A sansanin soja akwai kango na da yawa gine-gine domin dalilai daban-daban. Na musamman sha'awa ne:

• Located nan a imbin tank, sassaka a cikin dutse kuma overlapped da wani Dome a kan hudu girth Lancet arches.
• M kango na baho, inda kafin 1936 ya m daya daga cikin domes da irin yadda cewa na sama-lura tankuna.
• A ranar biyu dogon bangarorin Derbent yada sararin hurumi da wani gandun daji na dutse gravestones Monuments.

A birnin kuma yana da yawan haihuwa da gine-gine, masallatai, marẽmari tafkunan, minarets. A mafi ƙwarai da grandiose yi ne a masallaci, wani kore Dome cewa lẽƙãwa a kan lebur, rufi na sama na zamani Derbent tare da m rawanin girma a cikin farfajiyar masallaci na karni-tsohon jirgin itatuwa.