Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich: biography

Nikita Muravev ya kasance daya daga cikin shugabannin da Decembrist motsi. Ya kasance marubucin na farko daftarin kundin tsarin mulkin, da kuma a takaice gangarawa Arewa asiri al'umma. A lokacin tawaye a St. Petersburg Muraveva a cikin babban birnin kasar ba, amma ya aka har yanzu kama domin ƙiren ƙarya mai ba da labari.

farkon shekaru

Future Decembrist Muravev Nikita aka haife Yuli 30, 1795 a St. Petersburg. Ya zo daga wani shahararren iyali. Mahaifinsa, Mihail Muravev - Sanata, da ya dace a amince da Moscow University, marubuci kuma publicist most malama. Uwar Catherine mallakar wani sanannen Rasha daraja iyali Kolokoltseva.

Muravev Nikita aka ilimi a gida, da kuma daga baya ya sauke karatu daga Moscow University (Physics da lissafi Department). A farkon 1812, ya zama wani collegiate rejista. Duk da haka, a lokacin rani na yaki. A Rasha sojojin mamaye ta Napoleon. Muravev Nikita bar gidan ba tare da cikakken bayani ga mahaifansa biyu, kuma ya shiga cikin sojojin. Matasa sa suna can a matsayin ensign. Ya zama memba na kasashen waje yaƙin neman zaɓe na Rasha sojojin daga 1813-1814. Ensign bayyana a fagen yaƙi a Leipzig. Battle saboda ta girma ta zama da aka sani da "yaƙi na al'ummai."

A Turai,

A karshen yakin Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Janar Staff. Duk da haka, bayan 'yan watanni a duk guda a 1814 Napoleon komo daga zaman talala a kan Elba. Farko daga cikin shahararrun "kwanaki 100". Ants a wannan lokaci bayan da ƙarin tsanani daga cikin halin da ake ciki a kasashen Turai da aka seconded zuwa Arseniyu Zakrevskomu - daya daga cikin Rasha generals hedkwatar a birnin Vienna.

A lokacin rani na 1815 Napoleon karshe an ci. Tsohon sarki aka aiko zuwa tsibirin Saint Helena, inda ya rasu. A halin yanzu, matasa Muravev Nikita triumphantly hau a cikin Paris. Kamar sauran na Rasha waje kamfen, ya yi mamakin yadda rayuwa a Turai ne daban-daban daga cikin hakikar da na ƙasarsa ta kasar. Yana da wadannan abubuwan daga baya ya jagoranci mutane da yawa matasa mutane su zama da Decembrists. A halin yanzu, Ants bikin wata nasara tare da abokansa. A Paris ya samu mai yawa muhimmancin wa idon sani, ya gana da shugabannin Faransa da juyin juya halin - bishop Anri Greguarom, marubuci Benjamin Constant, da dai sauransu ...

makõma take

Feeling da ci baya na Rasha daga West, Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich, bayan ya dawo gida tare da sabunta makamashi gudanar ilminsa. Ko sa'an nan ya san da yawa nan gaba Decembrists. Sun raba wannan hali biography: yaki, yakin da kasashen waje, m ra'ayi na mai free Turai.

Ants tsaya a asalin farko da kungiyoyin na Decembrists. A 1816 an halitta "Union of Salvation," kuma a cikin 1818 - "jindadin daga cikin Union." A karshen kungiyar hada game da mutane 200. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, shi ne wani asiri, amma a gaskiya da al'umma an yadu da aka sani. Mun san game da shi, kuma a saman sosai. Dalilin da kungiyar tarayyar ne, don ilmantar da mutane da kuma, musamman, da serfs. Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich da magoya bayan imani da cewa shugaba mugunta daga Rasha ne kawai bauta a kasar. A liberated baƙauye suka ga haske nan gaba a kasar.

"Union of Welfare"

The "Union of Welfare," Nikita Muravev da Sergeem Trubetskim da Aleksandrom Muravevym (wani zumu) ya rubuta da shatan al'umma - da "Green Littãfi." A da shi da bukatu na m ikon da aka tsara. Suna so da yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom, daga halakar autocracy da zargin da Rasha tsarin mulki.

A cikin "Green Littafi" Na san ko da Alexander I. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi mata ya karanta nufi gaje - ƙanensa Konstantin Nikolayevich. Da farko, da sarki bai kula da kungiyar na Decembrists, la'akari da su fun Metropolitan matasa. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1820, Alexander ra'ayi canza bayan a Turai akwai lokatan da dama juyin juya hali, da kuma a Rasha da su magabatansu tayar Semenov rajimanti.

daftarin kundin tsarin mulkin

"Union of Welfare" da aka narkar a 1821. Bayan da tsaga daga cikin kungiyar Nikita Muravev qaddamar kafa na Arewa Society. Layi daya ga wannan, ya yi aiki a cikin Guard. Da yake tare da ita a Minsk, Decembrist ɓullo da na farko na kudirin nan gaba tsarin mulki. Yana bayyana muhimmanci sabon Bugu da kari ga kayan abinci na haihuwa da ake bukata. Kundin Tsarin Mulki Nikita Mikhailovich Muraviev aka rubuta ga kasar da mulkin gargajiya tsarin, conscription, dã an hallaka soja ƙauyuka (saboda abin da kuma ya yi tawaye Semenov rajimanti). A daular mulkinsu ya za a iyakance. Wannan aikin da aka soki wasu shugabannin Decembrists.

Ants ya mafi tasiri memba na Arewa jama'a kan daidai-akai tare da Nikolai Turgenev, da kuma wasu matasa. Decembrist bai manta da su ci gaba da tuntubar juna da Pavlom Pestelem. Ya, bi da bi, ya kai na Kudancin Society, kuma ko da sanya Muraveva memba a kwamitin hukumar mulki - da darektan, duk da wasu bambancin manufofi.

The kama da gudun hijira

A Disamba 1825 Nikita Mihaylovich Muravev, wanda biography misali ne na rayuwar daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Figures na Decembrist motsi, bar tare da iyalinsa a kan vacation. Saboda wannan, ya rasa dukkan abubuwan da suka faru hade da yunkurin yi zãluncin rarraba jama'a, yana tsaye a kan majalisar dattijai Square da kuma kayar disgruntled jihar tsarin. Muraviev aka kama 'yan kwanaki daga baya, a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba. Ya jagoranci rawa a cikin rayuwar wani sirrin jama'a ce Arkady Mayboroda, wani tsohon abokina na Pestel da kuma kwanan nan ya koma Kudancin Society.

A 1826, a kan shawarar da hukumomi, Ants aka fitar da su naƙudarta na tsawon shekaru 15 (daga baya da hukunci da aka rage). Asirin kwamitin gudanar da bincike da hali na Decembrists, ya gabatar da kansa zane na tarihi na neman sauyi cikin al'umma. Hukunta mutum yana bauta a kurkuku a Chita da Petrovsky ma'aikata. A zaman gudun hijira, ya sa in touch tare da wasu daga cikin Decembrists. Bayan shekaru 10 na naƙudarta Ants ya tafi shirya a kauyen Urik Irkutsk. Akwai ya shiga cikin aikin noma, har ma da bude nasa niƙa. Ya mutu yana da shekaru 47, May 10, 1843, da kuma ba jiran yafiyar da kuma komawa zuwa St. Petersburg.